Community Of Citizens Research Articles

The Parascientific Communication around Didier Raoult’s Expertise and the Debates in the Media and on Digital Social Networks during the COVID-19 Crisis in France

Didier Raoult has acquired media authority in the debates on the treatment of COVID-19 in France thanks to his professional competence, raising issues of legitimacy and authority. He presents himself as a “star of infectious diseases”, belonging to the “elite”. In the press and online comments, the scientificity of the subject is mixed with considerations that may seem trivial. This paper will analyze the way in which scientificity is expressed in the media coverage of the scientist but also the way in which online communities discuss, argue, and become involved in polemics and controversies concerning him. It will analyze the links and shifts between scientific and parascientific communication. It will, therefore, deal with both the discourse and the staging around the scientist Didier Raoult and the circulation of his words and positions through online media and citizen communities.

Borders, Migration and Xenophobic Policies in West Africa

Abstract The 1979 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol, or Article 59 of the 1993 ECOWAS Revised Treaty, encapsulates the terms and conditions for a visa-free and borderless economic community. It is geared towards decolonising the colonial borders and encouraging economic activity. But despite the ratification of the Protocol, documented and undocumented migrants continue to be expelled, blocked at borders and prevented from doing business, and suffer other xenophobic mistreatment, within the sub-region. The member states of ECOWAS have implemented anti-immigrant policies, from which Community citizens are rarely exempted. The article argues that the political class in the various states in the sub-region has nurtured and exploited a xenophobic consciousness, which has prevented the growth of class consciousness and protects their power base. The xenophobic policies of West African states have also created the necessary conditions to impede the implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol.

A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives, inequalities, and human control

Different people have different perceptions about artificial intelligence (AI). It is extremely important to bring together all the alternative frames of thinking—from the various communities of developers, researchers, business leaders, policymakers, and citizens—to properly start acknowledging AI. This article highlights the ‘fruitful collaboration’ that sociology and AI could develop in both social and technical terms. We discuss how biases and unfairness are among the major challenges to be addressed in such a sociotechnical perspective. First, as intelligent machines reveal their nature of ‘magnifying glasses’ in the automation of existing inequalities, we show how the AI technical community is calling for transparency and explainability, accountability and contestability. Not to be considered as panaceas, they all contribute to ensuring human control in novel practices that include requirement, design and development methodologies for a fairer AI. Second, we elaborate on the mounting attention for technological narratives as technology is recognized as a social practice within a specific institutional context. Not only do narratives reflect organizing visions for society, but they also are a tangible sign of the traditional lines of social, economic, and political inequalities. We conclude with a call for a diverse approach within the AI community and a richer knowledge about narratives as they help in better addressing future technical developments, public debate, and policy. AI practice is interdisciplinary by nature and it will benefit from a socio-technical perspective.

Stakeholder objectives for joining an energy community: Flemish case studies

Energy communities (ECs) are considered an important element of the current energy transition. Most studies have focused on how to specifically engage citizens in such communities. In this paper, the emphasis is on the objectives of other stakeholders. Only by taking all motivations and interests into account can a successful project be established.In our study, relevant stakeholders, their objectives for joining an EC and the importance of each of these objectives were determined in a participatory manner through four Flemish pilot cases. The results provide an overview of general and context-specific elements that need to be taken into account when designing an EC as well as when setting up policy initiatives to stimulate large-scale EC roll-out. For potential members, financial incentives are the main drivers of participation but often not the decisive objectives. Their decision to join is influenced by a variable combination of social, economic, technical and environmental motivations. Local governments mainly want an EC to bring social and environmental advantages, and the local distribution system operator (DSO) only supports ECs when they can bring added value to their main grid and society as a whole and can help avoid major grid investments.

Transcending Dystopia: Music, Mobility, and the Jewish Community in Germany, 1945–1989

What happens after war? When whole communities of citizens are decimated, where does that leave those left, and where does that leave their culture? In the case of World War II and the Holocaust, countless volumes have been written about Jewish life prior to the war, of the cultural abundance that the Jewish community provided to Europe, of the composers and music that permeated towns and villages. Yet there has been little examination of how musical culture survived in these places directly after the war, and how it fell to the survivors of the Holocaust to salvage what was left of their cultural heritage. Tina Frühauf’s book looks at exactly this issue within the confines of Germany itself; it not only focuses on music in Jewish communities right after the war, but also on how cultural transfer, exchange, and the mobility of musicians changed the face of German Jewish musical life in and out of the synagogue. To do so, Frühauf makes use of previously unseen documentation and archives, along with oral interviews of those who lived and worked in the communities examined in this volume.

Effects of E-Government Policy on the Management of Healthcare Systems.

E-government began by addressing the challenges of new technologies by delivering e-services to its citizens and has since evolved to include a growing number of areas, such as citizen communication, macroeconomic projections, budget management, and e-healthcare services. E-government is known as the use of information technology to provide administrative services, communication transactions, information exchange, integration of various electronic systems, and autonomous services between the government and citizens, the government and business environment, and the government and government. This paper discusses the role of E-government policy in healthcare crises during COVID 19. Data collected from 435 employees in the tourism industry of Iraq was used to verify the abovementioned relationships via SPSS macro. The results indicate that E-government policy has a significant effect on healthcare crises; job insecurity negatively predicted healthcare crises. The results revealed that social support moderated the relationship between E-government policy and job insecurity. Results of the study contributed to the theory within this study by demonstrating that employees who enjoy a high level of social support show less job insecurity than those with a low level of social support.

State, citizenship and gender-variant communities in India

ABSTRACT Though persons belonging to gender-variant communities (GVCs) were a part of the Indian culture for thousands of years, new modalities were introduced to outlaw them under colonial rule. Post-independence, GVCs were subjected to progressive laws in theory; yet the colonial legal framework was largely retained in practice. Despite their significant presence in the public sphere, GVCs struggled for decades to acquire cognitive visibility and citizenship rights. Even the civil society in India at large overlooked their entitlement to sexual identity until the late 1990s. This paper, based on field and documentary data, uncovers the struggles of GVCs to claim citizenship rights in India. Beginning with the tradition of ‘cultural family’ under Gharana, the trajectory relegated them first to ‘illegal’ citizens under colonial rule and subsequently to ‘captive’ citizens in post-Independent India. Their positioning as ‘stranded’ citizens even after passing the new law in 2019 also challenges their potential as ‘monitorial citizens’.

РОЛЬ УКРАЇНОЦЕНТРИЧНИХ ЕЛІТ В КОНТЕКСТІ ФІЛОСОФІЇ СУБ’ЄКТНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ (300-РІЧЧЮ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ ГРИГОРІЯ СКОВОРОДИ ПРИСВЯЧУЄТЬСЯ)

The article analyzes the role of Ukrainian elites in the light of the problem and philosophy of subjectivity. Attention is focused on the specifics of this moment in the existence of the Ukrainian state and nation, which are waging a fierce struggle for their own freedom and survival in the war with the Russian fascist regime. It is emphasized that subjectivity in modern scientific discourse means the level of independence and independence from external factors of the country, its self -sufficiency and independence as an actor of history. From a philosophical point of view, a subject in a broad sense is that or that which/who has agency, i.e. acts on some other entity (object), or has dominion over it. In this case, something/someone is endowed with subjectivity. When defining subjectivity, the emphasis is placed on the country as a unity of the state, nation and community of citizens who inhabit this country. Today, the reality is that as a result of the heroic resistance of the Ukrainian nation to the aggression of the Russian Federation, the status of Ukraine as an actor in history is fundamentally changing. She turned into a leader of the free world, becoming a defender of authentic European values, which the modern West, especially Western Europe, has largely destroyed. It is worth agreeing with the statement of the famous political analyst A. Piontkovsky that it is Ukraine today that is saving Europe and the whole world from the plague of rashism and totalitarianism already in the 21st century. Its position is the position of an active subject, the center of reformatting of European politics, which cannot help but influence the entire world today. It is concluded that the activity of Ukrainian-centric elites in Ukraine is a necessary condition for winning the war against the rashist aggressor. In addition, the realities of the war require the actual transformation of all existing elites in the state into Ukrainian-centric ones. The formation of a strong subjectivity of Ukraine also depends on the ability of its elites to adequately respond to the challenges and threats facing the Ukrainian nation. The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda.

The concept of european identity and its significance for EU policy

The article examines the process of formation and establishment of European identity. The process of forming European identity is directly related to traditional and current ideas about Europe itself and the community of European citizens. Strengthening the identification of its citizens with the process of European integration in general and with EU institutions and policies in particular has become one of the main challenges for the European Union today. The peoples of Europe, creating an increasingly close union among themselves, decided on the concept of a European identity based on common values. Aware of its spiritual and moral heritage, the European identity is based on the universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity; it is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law. It puts man at the heart of its activities by establishing citizenship of the Union and creating an area of freedom, security and justice. The European Union contributes to the preservation and development of these common values, respecting the diversity of cultures and traditions of the peoples of Europe, as well as the national identity of the member states and the organization of their public authorities at the national, regional and local levels; it seeks to promote balanced and sustainable development and ensures the free movement of people, services, goods and capital, as well as freedom of establishment. European identity still continues to develop through aspects such as the currency and common policies and values, as well as on a more symbolic level with the EU flag and anthem.

The Local Service Solution: A Business Transformation of Traditional Media Companies

In this paper, by analyzing the fierce competition challenges faced by traditional media companies in the era of integrated media, combined with the transformation and development direction of traditional media companies, the Local Service Solution based on geographic information coordinate system is designed creatively, which provides a feasible path for traditional media companies to effectively deal with the challenges of fierce competition and explore the benefits of diversification. The innovation of the Local Service Solution is that it is divided into two sub-parts: e-commerce and community service, while e-commerce is the core economic unit of the solution. In e-commerce applications, the existing media assets and new programs, short videos, live broadcasts and other forms will be combined to effectively realize the accurate development and commercial realization of digital assets. The community service section is the social value unit of the solution. Through geographical location tags and specific applications, it provides grid-based media news for the community, politics, consultation and other services for citizens, and becomes an important communication channel for citizens to exercise upward supervision power.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF CIVIL IDENTITY AND PATRIOTISM FORMATION IN A SCHOOL AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF EDUCATION

The problem of a person's civic identity formation accompanies society modernization, and it is especially relevant today, not only for the development of personality traits, but also for the younger generation, who should be active citizens of their state, their homeland. Awareness of an individual to belong to a community of citizens of a certain state, on a general cultural basis, determines civic identity. Due to the fact that students of different ages have different life experiences, they need the help of a teacher when choosing life guidelines. Adolescents do not have well-established social motives, interests and sufficient experience, just as the desire for independence is not always supported by interests and sufficient experience. The requirements of the Federal State Standard state that the basis of civic identity is the basic national values. The purpose of the research is to diagnose the formation of civic identity and patriotism among adolescents and the possible psychological and pedagogical conditions for their formation in the lessons at school, using the example of geography lessons in the course of "Geography of Russia". The research methods used are theoretical and empirical methods, including the study of methodological approaches to understanding the problem of civic identity and patriotism formation; questioning, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the research have led to the following key conclusions: 1. Methodological approaches of philosophers, teachers and psychologists were used: N.A. Berdyaev, M.S. Kagan, K.D. Ushinsky, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, V.I. Galperin, who studied the spiritual and moral basis of a personality, psychological and spiritual mentality of people, and folk values in education. 2. Analysis of the results of the survey of students of 8-9 grades of MBOU "Maikop Gymnasium No. 22" in the 2021/2022 academic year, the positive results of the pedagogical experiment proved the validity of the proposed methodology for teaching the course of the "Geography of Russia", the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical conditions in the formation of knowledge of patriotic content, increasing the level of formation of civic identity and moral and patriotic position.

Publicity as a Factor in the Formation of City Authority in England in the 14th — 15th Centuries (Based on London)

In the 14—15th Centuries the city community of London becomes an active participant in the public socio-political space in England, acting as a new social subject of power relations. The formation of the city community of Freemen took place in the 12—13th Centuries in the context of the institutionalization of social and political processes in London. It is one of the most important characteristics of publicity authority. The city community of Freemen was a social institution consisting exclusively of citizens who were allowed to enjoy city privileges, including the right to participate in city government and the election of city officials. Exactly they were not just included in the publicity space of power, but also became its active actors. Municipal government was in the hands of the Aldermen and elected from among their other officials, including the highest — the Mayor and Sheriffs. The Aldermen constituted the wealthiest and most influential part of the Freemen, and they were part of the merchant top of the livery of the "Twelve Great Livery Companies" of London. The publicity of authority is most clearly manifested in the electoral principles in relation to the highest officials of the city magistrate. The City officials had to act on behalf of the community of citizens within their delegated authority based on the principle of electability. However the principle of electability had limitations that reflected the contradictoriness of the publicity space of authority in the period under review. In electing Aldermen the last and decisive word was actually left to the Aldermen themselves, who in practice elected the Mayor and Sheriffs. The Community of London was removed from the election. Urban uprisings that shook the capital in the 14—15th Centuries and directed against the government are a sign of the expansion of participants in the publicity space of authority. Representatives of the London ruling elite not only had to represent the interests of the Freeman's upper class of the city community, but also acted as a kind of channel of the connection between a certain part of the capital's society and the Royal authority. The Mayor and Sheriffs were elected by the townspeople, though a limited part of them, and from among the townspeople, but at the same time they officially considered as Royal officials. Some of the Aldermen were directly in the service of the King. The King could interfere in the electoral process at any time and remove even the Mayor from his office. Representatives of citizens, all the same Aldermen, took part in the discussion of the most important issues of state life in the Parliament, which is evidence of the expansion of the field for publicity dialogue between the government and society.

Гражданская идентичность молодежи: теоретические и эмпирические аспекты исследования

Recently, the complex socio-economic processes taking place in our country have set the direction for the study of social identity in the aspect of its civic orientation as an indicator of the degree of civil solidarity and the nature of the consolidation processes emerging in the society, a certain condition for integrity of the state. Appeal to the given topic is dictated by the need to determine the social essence of modern individual and his attitude to the society, in which his existence is. The most relevant is determination of the position of younger generation, in particular, the student youth, who is a strategic resource of changes in the country. Phenomenon of the civic identity is considered based on the ideas of functionalism in the framework of integrative approach and the possibility of their application in modern conditions. The study of civic identity is based on two approaches: citizen identity implies a person's awareness of community with the society on the basis of community of language, territory, culture, traditions; determinant of civic identity is the individual's awareness of himself as a collective subject of the community of citizens of the given state. The authors combined these two approaches into one integrative whole, including personal and social and thereby forming a complex education that constitutes the essential characteristic of the concept of civil identity. The article analyzes the results of empirical study of the factors for constructing the space of civil identity. Particular attention is paid to the factor conditionality of civil identities of the Russian students. Based on the results of the study presented in the work, the question is raised about the relevance of developing technologies and models for the formation of new identity of Russian youth not only as a special socio-age group, but also as a strategic potential of the country.

Opšta shvatanja o građanskom društvu

The first idea of civil society was encountered in the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle. He defined a state as a community of citizens voluntarily united for the sake of a happy life. The first interpretation of the dualism of the political community and society was found in the works of the Christian scholars St. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. First concepts of civil society in Hobbes' teachings are presented in his work Leviathan. He starts from the so-called illusory condition, which is characterized by a war of all against all. Another concept of civil society is presented by John Locke. Unlike Hobbes, Locke apparently defined it as a state of peace, goodwill, mutual assistance, and maintenance. Early liberal theories of civil society base their teaching on the limitation of state power i.e., that civil society has the ability to conduct its own affairs, which limits the state interference. Hegel's conception of civil society is determined by the position of the citizen in the state. Citizens are private individuals who have their own interests for specific purposes. Neo-liberal theory of civil society appeared in the early 20th century. The cause of the intensifying debate about the relationship between society and state in the mid-20th century is the danger that the civil society is in from excessive political intervention of the state. Predecessors in the framework of the contemporary approach pointing to this danger were John Stuart Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville, and Robert Nozick.

Національно-громадянські цінності: регіональний вимір у загальноукраїнському контексті

Unlike the scientific terms and concepts, which help to learn about reality, the terms and concepts of legislation affect the formation of this reality. In 2019, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the law “Onto Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language”. In this act, there is an immanently contradictory postulate, according to which two Ukrainian nations form the Ukrainian society: ethnic and civil, where the former is a systemic component of the latter. Since then, all branches of state power, politicians, scientists, and the general public should understand which values of Ukrainians should be considered national and be protected and cultivated: Ukrainian national-ethnic or Ukrainian national-civic. To prevent such potentially conflicting contradictions, the article uses the phrase “national-civil values” as a synonym for the term “national values”. Both are derived from the idea and understanding of the modern Ukrainian nation as citizens of Ukrainian and all other ethnic identities, united by values mutual compatible with the ethno-Ukrainian majority in a community within which individual and group ethnic, cultural, linguistic, religious, regional, political and other differences persist. As reasoned in the article, this is how the Ukrainian nation is perceived by the majority of the country’s population. This position is consistent with the recommendation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 1735 (2006) dated January 26, 2006, entitled “The Concept of “Nation”. Sources of information on the research problem were the results of mass surveys that represent the entire population of Ukraine and its regions, conducted by respectful sociological institutions. Based on these materials’ analytical and synthetic processing, an array of facts has been formed that show the trends and specifics of the All-Ukrainian and regional dynamics of national-civil values with the most significant integrative potential. It shows Ukrainian nation as a multifaceted civil society with an ethno-Ukrainian core, Ukrainian citizenship, a sense of patriotism and pride in belonging to the community of Ukrainian citizens, and the Independence of the Ukrainian state.

Anatomy of a Social Crisis and Performance as Protest ritual in Postmodernity: The Chant of the Yellow Vests.

Protest has long occurred as an effective communication tool for societies that have suffered from the oppression of their ruling structures. This article therefore aims primarily to analyze the components of the social drama and conflict that gave rise to the citizen mobilizations of the “Gilets jaunes” Yellow Vests in France at the end of 2018 and throughout 2019. In this sense, the ritual dimension is studied, emphasizing the role of performance and its diffusion on social media as fundamental elements of the current activist context. The symbolic object, performative acts such as music and, especially chants, are configured as an indispensable part of citizen mobilizations.
 For this analysis, the methodology employed was through the ethnographic observation in situ during the marches on the city of Paris; in addition to the hemerographic review and the netnographic monitoring of the protests after 2018 in other cities of France. Through comparative analysis, these observations were contrasted with a part of the bibliography relevant to the different elements that compose this object of study comprises and with other protests that have had an important broadcasting in the globalized world.
 The above confirms the importance given by democratic societies to protest as a form of citizen communication, as well as to its ritual codes. In the French context, La Marseillaise and Le Chant des Partisans stand out for their symbolic and textual load of civil resistance and active opposition to the alienations produced by the governing structures.
 Finally, this research aims to offer an approximation of the forms of peaceful resistance in the specific phenomenon of the Yellow Vests, a model that, in a general way, will allow us to study to a certain extent the most relevant cases of protest in recent years. The function of their performative codes, their reception and dissemination on the various platforms that support social networks, whose easy accessibility does not imply the infinite return to nostalgic memory, but a forceful evidence and the clamor for justice.

SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP

Education is an attempt to change a person's circumstances from not knowing to knowing, from not being able to do to being able to do, from not acting as expected to being as expected.. Aninstitution designed for the teaching of students or students under the supervision of educators (teachers). Society is an embodiment of life with man. In society, the process of social life is the process between relationships and interactions. Society as an institution of human life also takes place the whole development of human life. Community can be interpreted as a container or terrain where the interaction of community citizens takes place. All of these are national programs that have been researched and studied for truth. In the past, schools had pluses at high status. People who are highly respected and respected schools, teachers are respected by learners and the community. In addition, the School is a formal educational institution that has an important role in developing scientific insights to every citizen who will hold education. Therefore, to make the school as one of the educational institutions requires good management of the entire academic community and get support from the community and government.

The hegemony of Prevent: turning counter-terrorism policing into common sense

ABSTRACT The British government’s Prevent Duty puts an obligation on specified public sectors to “keep people from being drawn into terrorism”. The policy has been a point of contention within the public discourse, but interview data shows that there is a grudging consent for Prevent policing amongst the civilians implementing it. This article explores how this consent is manufactured and what this tells us about the changing nature of counter-terrorism policing in civic life. Using Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, this article will explain how Prevent is being transformed from a coercive statutory instrument into a common sense approach by the co-optation of civic norms. This enquiry is informed by the findings of interviews conducted with Prevent co-ordinators and employees of specified authorities in England. These interviews provide insights into how counter-terrorism monitoring is diffused within civic spaces and the nature of consent for this policing. Analysing these findings through a Gramscian lens explains how Prevent is normalised as a civic duty. It also helps chart a course for this hegemonic regime, which is moving beyond specific sectors towards a community of counter-terrorism citizens conducting surveillance as common sense practice.

From Suriyya al‐Asad to Souriatna: Civic nationalism in the Syrian revolutionary press

AbstractScholarship on the Syrian conflict has too often reduced the analysis of political behaviour to the causal variable of sectarianism and therefore overlooked the role of other identities sustaining mobilization since 2011. Using the case of the revolutionary newspaper Souriatna, this article argues that a civic re‐imagining of the nation that was neither ethnic nor sectarian informed the identity claims of anti‐regime protestors throughout the conflict and well beyond the peaceful protests of 2011. Civic nationalism, a re‐imagining of the nation as a self‐determined community of equal citizens was generated through print newspaper practices and the iteration of symbols, specifically the map of Syria in its current territorial boundaries and the Independence flag. This re‐imagined nationalism from below challenged both state discourse of sectarian fragmentation since 2011 and Suriyya al‐Asad, the personification of power around the figure of the state leader.

The Impact of Social Media on Civic Engagement in China: The Moderating Role of Citizenship Norms in the Citizen Communication Mediation Model

This study incorporates the examination of citizenship norms in testing the Citizen Communication Mediation Model (CCMM) in China, exploring to what extent online political expression mediates the impact of informational use of social media on offline civic engagement and how beliefs in citizenship norms moderate the CCMM. Results based on a two-wave panel survey among a national sample of 1,199 Chinese adults provide strong support for the CCMM in the Chinese context. In addition, embracing the democratic citizenship norm significantly enhances the CCMM effect, whereas embracing the pro-government citizenship norm that encourages pro-government speech does not show the same effect.