Communitarian Life Research Articles

LA TEORÍA DE LA AGENDA SETTING. CRÍTICA EPISTEMOLÓGICA Y PROFUNDIZACIÓN CUALITATIVA A PARTIR DE UN ESTUDIO ANTROPOLÓGICO

The article reflects about the Theory of Agenda Setting and his epistemological scarcities for explain the relations between social agendas. This reflection is motivated by empirical study in the Mella municipality in Santiago de Cuba developed since 2015. The methodic utilized are ethnographic and dialectical-materialistic methods. The empirical methods are observation (participant and not participant), surveys, discussions groups, key informants’ interviews, and documental review. The results show the anthropological model of mediatic and public agendas relations in the communitarian life. Particularly this methodology and theoretic reflections as results of empirical study, are a contrast point of positivist position of the Theory of Agenda Setting.

Novas formas de performance social no contexto digital da “economia da partilha”

This article investigates how Airbnb and Blablacar use the concept of haring to impact the ways of production of digital capitalism and organize new forms of social dramatization. Through the analysis of the interfaces of these digital platforms, it is argued in the paper that such structures provide to the people using services of the organization of an idealized portrait of themselves, that is branded by social imaginaries about collaborative work, mutual trust and communitarian life. It was also found that the functioning of these platforms stimulates the construction of security spaces grounded on procedures of identity validation which are self-regulated through processes of two-sided review and mutual surveillance between both kind of participants. The aim of these processes is to ensure the reliable use of the services between consumers and providers. However, verifying that the success of the sharing economy is based on the idea of trust among peers, it was notice that such platforms can be spaces of reaffirmation and reproduction of social inequalities previously felt among social groups historically discriminated.

Indigenous African ethics and land distribution

This article focuses on land allocation through invoking African values. It seeks to provide a contrast to other rectifications of skewed colonial land distributions from African values, and it also offers an alternative to the land distributive justice that has tended to be premised on Western entitlement or rights-oriented thought. The article proposes conceptualising land distribution specifically based on indigenous African ethics of Unhu/ubuntu, a quintessential southern African ethic of being humane and living communally. The humaneness and communitarian life are centred on values such as relationality, cooperation, common good and equal distribution of communal goods. Through articulating each value, and indicating its usefulness in land distribution, the article hopes to provide an African account of distributive justice in respect of land redistribution.

Potentials of Participatory Mapping to Approach Perceived Community Limits in the Central Andes of Ecuador

<p>W artykule przedstawiono, w jaki sposób mapowanie partycypacyjne może przyczynić się do zrozumienia lokalnych znaczeń w zakresie ograniczeń społeczności i postrzegania bezpieczeństwa posiadania wśród rolno-pasterskich społeczności Andów, które uczestniczą w programie płatności z tytułu świadczeń na rzecz ekosystemu (PES). Literatura przedmiotu wskazuje, że zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa posiadania może być dodatkowym elementem uczestnictwa w takich programach. Autorzy skupili się na programie ochrony „Socio Páramo” w celu przeanalizowania, w jaki sposób włączenie gruntów do tego programu wpłynęło na kwestię postrzegania limitów oraz bezpieczeństwa wśród lokalnych społeczności. Zostały zrealizowane dwa studia przypadków na wysoko położonych pastwiskach (páramo) w Ekwadorze. Najpierw użyto map szkicowych, aby dowiedzieć się, w jaki sposób obszar wpisany w program zmodyfi kował struktury przestrzenne terytorium społeczności i jaki typ ograniczeń znajduje się w danej strukturze. Następnie przeprowadzono spacery narracyjne. Badanie ujawniło, że: a) tytuł własności gruntów uzyskany w ramach wdrażania programu jest postrzegany jako warunek wstępny uczestnictwa w programie; b) kwestia wiedzy na temat ograniczeń społeczności páramo jest głównym problemem w przypadku osób starszych, którzy uważają taką wiedzę za kluczowy aspekt, jeśli chodzi o utrzymanie spójności danej społeczności. Wnioskujemy, że mapowanie partycypacyjne jest skutecznym narzędziem służącym wyjaśnianiu obaw dotyczących ograniczeń, zasad i kontroli użytkowania gruntów oraz trwałości życia wspólnotowego, czyli elementów, które należy uwzględnić przy wdrażaniu PES.</p>

Rural modernity in post-war Southern Italy: the La Martella village in Matera

By the 1930s, the city of Matera in southern Italy and particularly its most ancient districts, the Sassi, were widely depicted as a ‘national shame’ because of the poor living conditions of their inhabitants. After the Second World War, the joint interventions of the Italian-American organisation UNRRA-Casas and the regional Land Reform Authority elaborated a project for partial evacuation of the Sassi and resettlement of the population in a newly-built rural village named La Martella. This article focusses on the relationships between the surge of anthropological and sociological interest in southern Italian society’s exoticism and the La Martella design process, as well as on how the political aims of the project’s promoters affected the choices made by the team of designers. The peculiar reinterpretation that La Martella designers offered of the neighbourhood unit principle—seen as a means to give substantial continuity to traditional forms of communitarian life while also fostering social, economic and physical modernisation—is interpreted as symbolic of the Italian post-war ideal of rural modernity.

The Preferential Option for the Poor and Credibility of the Church

The category of option for the poor emerged in Latin America at the turn of the 60s and 70s of the 20 th century, as a result of authentication of faith and personal, communitarian, social and ecclesiastical life. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, the key question of the article is discussed, namely: “What is the Preferential Option for the Poor?” In the second part, the place of the poor in God's plan of salvation and in the mission of the Church, are presented. The final part, deals with the issue of the option for the poor as a sign of the credibility of the Church. Experiencing God in the context of poverty and injustice in the modern world makes the option for the poor a sign of the credibility of the Church and Christianity.

Drogocriticidad barrial en Chile: coordenadas para el diseño de políticas de seguridad pública centradas en la vida comunitaria

Cada vez con mayor fuerza, se acepta una relación lineal entre consumo de drogas y acometimiento de actos delictivos. En este sentido, pareciese ser que la sola presencia de drogas en un sector de la ciudad, de por si nos entrega información referencial de las personas que en el habitan y de sus estilos de vida. Sin embargo, la presencia de consumo y tráfico de drogas no tiene las mismas implicancias para todos los habitantes, sino que más bien, su percepción se construye en base a la relación con los consumidores y vendedores, y la incidencia de estos en la vida comunitaria.

The New Jewish Argentina: Facets of Jewish Experiences in the Southern Cone ed. by Adriana Mariel Brodsky and Raanan Rein (review)

THE NEW JEWISH ARGENTINA: FACETS OF JEWISH EXPERIENCES IN THE SOUTHERN CONE Edited by Adriana Mariel Brodsky and Raanan Rein. Leiden: Brill, 2014. xiv + 399 pp.The Argentine Jewish community is the largest in the Diaspora after the US. Its history goes back to the nineteenth century, and it is today an integral part of Argentine society. This collection of essays, The New Jewish Argentina, addresses different aspects of its life, paying attention to historical developments and contemporary issues. According to the editors, it aims to analyze aspects that have been marginalized in former studies focused on the Argentine Jewish community. They observe in the prologue the fact that most of the studies so far analyze Jewish life in the institutional framework of communitarian organizations and their political action, setting aside, or even rendering invisible, aspects of social and cultural history.The book presents articles dealing with issues of genre, the overall cultural contribution of Jews in Argentine society, and how they assimilate as full members of the Argentine nation. It also explores a lesser known Jewish underworld, and the way the very existence of Jewish mafias in the early twentieth century affected communitarian life. In fact, the issue of belonging is one that underlies most of the book: is this diasporic community to be considered foreign vis-a-vis the hosting country, taking into account the complex history Jews experienced in their relationship with political power in Argentina, or it is to be considered a community that assimilated very well into all venues of Argentine society?This issue cannot be separated from contemporary events that effect the life of this community: as the article by Natasha Zaretsky points out, recent political events such as the terrorist attack against the Asociacion Mutual Israelita Argentina (AMIA) shape the very notion of political agency and the experience of trauma among Argentine Jews. This attack, which took place in 1994 and is still an unresolved issue in Argentine justice, is currently a hot political topic, which involved the death of the prosecutor (himself a member of the Jewish community) in a grim episode. In fact, as I write this very review, this same terrorist attack, together with the bombing of the Israeli embassy in Argentina in 1992, is one of the main points in President Cristina Fernandez's last address to Congress. According to Zaretsky, the trauma experienced as a consequence of this terrorist attack is connected to the memory of the Shoah, and more recently, to the antisemitic persecution carried during the dirty wars.The approaches adopted by the contributors to the collection allow us to appreciate the inherent complexity Jewish actors had towards political power, and more specifically towards Peronismo, the major political force that shaped Argentine politics since General Peron assumed power in the 1946 elections to our day. …

Memórias de docentes leigas que atuaram no ensino rural da Região Colonial Italiana, Rio Grande do Sul (1930 - 1950)

O presente texto tem por objetivo compreender o cotidiano escolar rural, entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950, por meio das memórias de professores que atuaram na Região Colonial Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul (RCI), Brasil. Compreendemos a RCI como aquela formada pelas antigas colônias Conde d’Eu, Dona Isabel e Caxias, atualmente municípios de Caxias do Sul, Garibaldi, Carlos Barbosa e Bento Gonçalves. Trata-se da região que foi ocupada, a partir de 1875, por imigrantes, predominantemente italianos. No recorte temporal, 1930 a 1950, destacamos a expansão da rede escolar pública e as práticas de nacionalização empreendidas pelo governo varguista. Utilizamos como referencial teórico as contribuições da história cultural e como metodologia a análise documental histórica e a história oral. Os documentos produzidos a partir das narrativas docentes pertencem a dois acervos: banco de memórias do Arquivo Histórico Municipal João Spadari Adami (AHMJSA) e Instituto Memória Histórica e Cultural, mantido pela Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Acrescemos aos acervos orais diversos documentos das intendências e órgãos administrativos da educação. Narramos histórias de vida dos docentes, mulheres em sua maioria, que se tornaram professoras por terem os conhecimentos mínimos exigidos para a função e pela absoluta falta de profissionais com titulação. Suas experiências vividas em escolas isoladas, rurais, permitem-nos (re)construir cotidianos, aspectos da vida comunitária e, especialmente, escolar. Essas professoras leigas contaram como organizavam suas aulas, o que ensinavam, o modo como procediam em turmas heterogêneas, a relação delas com alunos e familiares, que são, portanto, aspectos da cultura escolar dessas aulas isoladas rurais, que marcam a história da educação brasileira.

Panentheism in the context of the theology and science dialogue

AbstractThe term “panentheism” (literally, everything in God) mediates between pantheism of the sort espoused by Spinoza and classical theism (God as transcendent Creator of the world). In this essay, in dialogue with the contemporary Danish theologian Niels Henrik Gregersen I review various historical positions re panentheism before concluding with a summary statement of my own understanding of the God-world relationship. The ancient Greek Orthodox tradition, for example, can be retrieved to set forth what might be called soteriological panentheism whereby the communitarian life of the three divine persons of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity is freely offered to all creatures at the end of the world. The German Idealists Krause, Hegel and Schelling focused instead on the progressive self-manifestation of God in the world of creation in and through a dialectical process governed by Divine Mind or Will. In the mid-20th century Charles Hartshorne, the disciple of Alfred North Whitehead, presented what he called dipolar panentheism: God as the “soul” of the world and the world as the “body of God.” The Jesuit paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin located the goal of cosmic evolution in the Pauline vision of the Cosmic Christ who thereby “personalizes” the whole of creation. Most current understandings of panentheism are derived from one or another of these earlier efforts at understanding how the world can be both in God and yet distinct from God. I myself use the notion of hierarchically ordered systems employed in the life-sciences to make clear how the higher-order system proper to the communitarian life of the three divine persons both conditions and is conditioned by the lower-order systems proper to the world of creation.

Agricultura familiar, gênero e dinâmicas sociais: um estudo sobre a construção territorial do assentamento Nova Lagoa Rica

Este estudo se refere à análise da experiência de mulheres que buscam, por meio da Associação de Mulheres do Projeto de Assentamento Nova Lagoa Rica (Ampal), no município de Paracatu (MG), um protagonismo no espaço produtivo da agricultura familiar, e de como a questão de gênero se insere no processo de construção territorial desse assentamento, procurando iluminar algumas dimensões da vida comunitária. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2006 e se apoiou na perspectiva técnico-metodológica da Antropologia, que tem como linhas condutoras a exigência do trabalho de campo e o estudo de caso. Os resultados revelam que as práticas que resultam na assimetria das relações entre homens e mulheres continuam sendo reproduzidas no âmbito da agricultura familiar, o que não contribui para a diminuição das desigualdades no campo. Porém, revelam que há um movimento de recusa por parte das agricultoras que, por meio da ação coletiva, têm dado início a um processo emancipatório que as levam a tomar consciência de suas próprias necessidades. Essa análise ainda permite que sejam tecidas algumas considerações a respeito das políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura familiar com recorte de gênero.

Nuove mappe per nuovi territori. Festival per la cultura, la cittadinanza, lo sviluppo

Events and festivals are hubs of people and networks, are territorial competitive goods for the development and common community goods; they are infrastructures of citizenship and relationship, they foster a transversal innovation. Thanks to their cognitive, relational and organisational content, they are geo-localised products/processes, which are nonetheless able to go beyond their territory to talk to the entire world, through the construction of functional and meaningful processes between individualism, good citizenship, multiculturalism, reputation and competition within a region and among different regions. They are formats with their own business models, forms of symbolic aggregation, that have a logics, as well as operational strategies and visions. They are territorial drivers than confront themselves with the rules of production of goods and services, but at the same time they have a specificity that makes them unique, that is, their public mission, even when they represent completely private experiences. They are processes that entail a fine conceptualisation, they are able to update the dialogue with the vocational community, to keep their identity during their change, to manage the space between fidelity and hybridization. They are dynamic containers that keep together all the components of a communitarian life: search for identity and citizenship, search for knowledge, search for leisure/pleasure. They are textual hypertexts, a matrix of matrixes that goes with the replacement of landscapes and territories in the contemporary imaginary. They are magnets, attractors of economies, viruses that modify and reshape access, life and consumption style.

The Confucian bioethics of surrogate decision making: Its communitarian roots

The family is the exemplar community of Chinese society. This essay explores how Chinese communitarian norms, expressed in thick commitments to the authority and autonomy of the family, are central to contemporary Chinese bioethics. In particular, it focuses on the issue of surrogate decision making to illustrate the Confucian family-grounded communitarian bioethics. The essay first describes the way in which the family, in Chinese bioethics, functions as a whole to provide consent for significant medical and surgical interventions when a patient has lost decision-making capacity. It is argued that the practice of not having an established order for surrogate decision makers (e.g., spouse, children, and then parents), as it is done in the United States, reflects the acknowledgment that the family as a social reality cannot be reduced to a stereotype of the appropriate order of default decision makers. This description of the family as being in authority to make surrogate decisions for an incompetent family member is enriched by an elaboration of the differences among the concepts of patient autonomy, family autonomy, and moral autonomy. The Chinese model, as well as the Confucian communitarian life of families, engages a family autonomy that is supported by a Confucian understanding of moral autonomy, rather than individual autonomy. Finally, the issue of possible conflicts between patient and family interests in relation to a patient's past wishes in the Chinese model is addressed in light of the role of the physician.

Neighbours, Natural and Otherwise, in ‘The Vox and the Wolf’

This essay reads ‘The Vox and the Wolf’ as both a product and an allegory of the problematic of neighbouring. It argues that the poem’s emphasis on ruination and distress, together with the parody of confession acted out by the Fox and the Wolf around the ‘ginne’ of a well, betrays the lasting effects that the coming of the friars had upon English communitarian life. It further argues that the Fox and the Wolf should be understood as representative, not of animal life, but of creaturely life: life exposed to the upheavals and dislocations associated with the institution of new sovereign regimes. The essay concludes by asking whether the poem itself, in its refusal to sacrifice a certain bitter enjoyment, might be understood as a kind of neighbour to its modern readers.

Crónicas de un cura doctrinero de principios del siglo XIX. Sociedad, población y economía en el Valle de Famatina, la Rioja, del Virreinato del Río de la Plata

The document that we presented/displayed form leaves from the register made by the doctrinero priest of Famatina, the Rioja of the Tucuman, Jose Ortiz de Ocampo. The unusual document wealth allows to see the social composition of the population, the communitarian life, its economy, like thus also trasluce the characteristics and profile of the colonial clergy.

Indicadores de sustentabilidade na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Piranha, Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil

Os indicadores são informações qualitativas e quantitativas, usadas nos processos decisórios em todos os níveis da sociedade. Neste sentido o propósito deste trabalho é avaliar comparativamente os meios de vida das populações tradicionais da área estudada a partir dos capitais: humano, social, natural, físico e financeiro e propor indicadores de avaliação e monitoramento para áreas protegidas da Amazônia. A base empírica para o trabalho foram nove comunidades rurais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento do Piranha, sendo três da zona de uso sustentável e seis da zona de amortecimento norte e sul em Manacapuru-AM. O procedimento metodológico adotado na investigação é quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados, através da pesquisa ação, relatos, observação participante, entrevistas estruturadas, conversas informais e dados secundários. Os dados coletados foram organizados por capitais e posteriormente utilizados na comparação dos indicadores e construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Local-IDSL. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um melhor desenvolvimento das comunidades da zona de uso sustentável, com destaque para o capital financeiro. O IDSL construído mostrou-se representativo da realidade local, de fácil aplicação, eficiente e eficaz para medir o desempenho dos indicadores integrantes dos capitais. Neste sentido apontam-se direções para os tomadores de decisões em concordância com os princípios da sustentabilidade e recomendações da Agenda 21 global.

Creatio Ex Nihilo: A FieldOriented Approach

Abstract: Process-oriented thinkers complain that the classical understanding of the God-world relationship is inherently dualistic. Instead they propose a model of the God-world relationship based on the soul-body analogy. Yet this seems to compromise the freedom of God vis-à-vis creation and the notion of God as Trinity. The author suggests a new approach to the God-world relationship based on a modified understanding of “societies” within the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead: namely, “societies” as structured fields of activity for their constituent actual occasions. The three divine persons of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity in this way first co-constitute an unbounded field of activity or “space” for their own dynamic interrelation within the divine being. Then within this “space” by their conjoint free decision the persons of the Trinity gradually bring into existence the entire world of creation understood as a hierarchically ordered set of subfields corresponding to individual entities (inanimate and animate) and the “systems”(environments, communities) into which they are aggregated. Since fields can be thus interlayered and yet remain basically independent of one another in their ongoing existence and activity, God is not thereby identified with the world nor the world collapsed into God. But the divine persons and all their creatures still share in different ways one and the same communitarian life.