Communication Transceiver Research Articles

THz band drone communications with practical antennas: Performance under realistic mobility and misalignment scenarios

For 6G non-terrestrial communications, drones will offer uninterrupted connectivity for surveillance, sensing, and localization. They will also serve as drone base stations to support terrestrial base stations, providing large bandwidth, high-rate, and ultra-reliable low latency services. In this paper, for the first time in the literature, we depict the true performance of Terahertz (THz) band communications among drones by applying various channel selection and power allocation schemes with practical THz antennas within (0.75–4.4) THz under realistic mobility and misalignment scenarios. Through numerical simulations, we unveil the capacity of drone links under different channel selection and power allocation schemes within 10s to 100s of Gbps at distances (1–100) m, when drones are in motion and subject to (mis)alignment due to mobility and even under beam misalignment fading. However, when exposed to real drone mobility traces, the performance of all channel selection schemes drops significantly, sometimes by up to six orders of magnitude, due to the occasional reverse orientations of antennas. In addition to the capacity analysis, we report available frequency bands (transmission windows) considering all schemes and mobility patterns. We also identify a band that is commonly available under all considered mobility and misalignment settings, and we evaluate its performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiencies, which can be useful in designing THz transceivers for drone communications. Our findings emphasize the essence of active beam control solutions to achieve the desired capacity potential of THz drone communications, while also highlighting the challenges of utilizing the THz band for drone communications.

Hardware-realized secure transceiver for human body communication in wireless body area networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs), featuring wearable and implantable devices for collecting physiological data are increasingly critical in healthcare for enabling continuous remote monitoring, diagnostic improvements, and treatment optimization. Secure communication within WBANs is essential to protect sensitive health data from unauthorized access and manipulation. This paper introduces a novel secure digital (SD)- human body communication (HBC) Transceiver (TR) system, tailored for WBAN applications, that prioritizes security and offers significant enhancements in size, power efficiency, speed, and data transmission efficiency over current solutions. Leveraging a combination of frequency-selective (FS) digital transmission with walsh codes (WCs) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and incorporating one-round encryption and decryption modules, the system complies with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, ensuring broad compatibility. Specifically, the QAM-based SD-HBC TR system exhibits a 4% reduction in chip area, a 7.6% increase in operating frequency, a 3.4% decrease in power consumption, a 27.5% reduction in latency, and improvements of 33% in throughput and 35.5% in efficiency. Importantly, it achieves a bit error rate (BER) of up to 10-8 , demonstrating high reliability across communication methods. This research significantly advances secure communication in WBANs, offering a promising approach for enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and security of healthcare monitoring technologies.

Didactic and interactive project with PIC microcontroller and CAN network for temperature and luminosity control

This work presents the development of a didactic and interactive project, composed of four distinct modules: the first module is used for reading and controlling temperature; the second module, for reading and controlling luminosity; the third module is an RS232/CAN serial interface; The fourth module has a transceiver for serial communication between a personal computer and the network. The first, second, and third modules were built using PIC18F4580 microcontrollers with integrated CAN and were programmed in C language using the MikroC integrated development environment. The software for serial communication between the microcomputer and module III was written in Object Pascal language using the Delphi programming environment. Serial communication tests were performed between the microcomputer and the third module, obtaining positive results in data acquisition and transfer and command exchange through the CAN network, demonstrating a distributed data system among the modules on the bus.

Inverse design of high-dimensional quantum optical circuits in a complex medium

Programmable optical circuits are an important tool in developing quantum technologies such as transceivers for quantum communication and integrated photonic chips for quantum information processing. Maintaining precise control over every individual component becomes challenging at large scales, leading to a reduction in the quality of operations performed. In parallel, minor imperfections in circuit fabrication are amplified in this regime, dramatically inhibiting their performance. Here we use inverse design techniques to embed optical circuits in the higher-dimensional space of a large, ambient mode mixer such as a commercial multimode fibre. This approach allows us to forgo control over each individual circuit element, and retain a high degree of programmability. We use our circuits as quantum gates to manipulate high-dimensional spatial-mode entanglement in up to seven dimensions. Their programmability allows us to turn a multimode fibre into a generalized multioutcome measurement device, allowing us to both transport and certify entanglement within the transmission channel. With the support of numerical simulations, we show that our method is a scalable approach to obtaining high circuit fidelity with a low circuit depth by harnessing the resource of a high-dimensional mode mixer.

A Miniature Batteryless Bioelectronic Implant Using One Magnetoelectric Transducer for Wireless Powering and PWM Backscatter Communication.

Wireless minimally invasive bioelectronic implants enable a wide range of applications in healthcare, medicine, and scientific research. Magnetoelectric (ME) wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising approach for powering miniature bio-implants because of its remarkable efficiency, safety limit, and misalignment tolerance. However, achieving low-power and high-quality uplink communication using ME remains a challenge. This paper presents a pulse-width modulated (PWM) ME backscatter uplink communication enabled by a switched-capacitor energy extraction (SCEE) technique. The SCEE rapidly extracts and dissipates the kinetic energy within the ME transducer during its ringdown period, enabling time-domain PWM in ME backscatter. Various circuit techniques are presented to realize SCEE with low power consumption. This paper also describes the high-order modeling of ME transducers to facilitate the design and analysis, which shows good matching with measurement. Our prototyping system includes a millimeter-scale ME implant with a fully integrated system-on-chip (SoC) and a portable transceiver for power transfer and bidirectional communication. SCEE is proven to induce >50% amplitude reduction within 2 ME cycles, leading to a PWM ME backscatter uplink with 17.73 kbps data rate and 0.9 pJ/bit efficiency. It also achieves 8.5 × 10-5 bit-error-rate (BER) at a 5 cm distance, using a lightweight multi-layer-perception (MLP) decoding algorithm. Finally, the system demonstrates continuous wireless neural local-field potential (LFP) recording in an in vitro setup.

IEEE 802.11ad Based Joint Radar Communication Transceiver: Design, Prototype and Performance Analysis

IEEE 802.11ad Based Joint Radar Communication Transceiver: Design, Prototype and Performance Analysis

Design of a 60-GHz Joint Radar–Communication Transceiver With a Highly Reused Architecture Utilizing Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Gilbert Cells

Design of a 60-GHz Joint Radar–Communication Transceiver With a Highly Reused Architecture Utilizing Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Gilbert Cells

Engineering Applications with Stress-Strength for a New Flexible Extension of Inverse Lomax Model: Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Inference

In this paper, we suggest a brand new extension of the inverse Lomax distribution for fitting engineering time data. The newly developed distribution, termed the transmuted Topp–Leone inverse Lomax (TTLILo) distribution, is characterized by an additional shape and transmuted parameters. It is critical to notice that the skewness, kurtosis, and tail weights of the distribution are strongly influenced by these additional characteristics of the extra parameters. The TTLILo model is capable of producing right-skewed, J-shaped, uni-modal, and reversed-J-shaped densities. The proposed model’s statistical characteristics, including the moments, entropy values, stochastic ordering, stress-strength model, incomplete moments, and quantile function, are examined. Moreover, characterization based on two truncated moments is offered. Using Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimating techniques, we estimate the distribution parameters of the suggested distribution. The bootstrap procedure, approximation, and Bayesian credibility are the three forms of confidence intervals that have been created. A simulation study is used to assess the efficiency of the estimated parameters. The TTLILo model is then put to the test by being applied to actual engineering datasets, demonstrating that it offers a good match when compared to alternative models. Two applications based on real engineering datasets are taken into consideration: one on the failure times of airplane air conditioning systems and the other on the active repair times of airborne communication transceivers. Also, we consider the problem of estimating the stress-strength parameter R=P(Z2<Z1) with engineering application.

Design and Development of a 3D-Printed CubeSat by Go Science

This project outlines the design, development, and construction of a 3D-printed CubeSat, a miniature satellite, equipped with an ESP32 microcontroller, an MPU9250 inertial measurement unit, and a BMP280 barometric pressure sensor module. The CubeSat adheres to standard CubeSat dimensions and incorporates a range of systems, including power management, communication, and data collection, to enable its functionality in space. The CubeSat's structure was meticulously designed using CAD software, and 3D printing technology was employed to fabricate its lightweight, space-grade casing. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with the MPU9250 and BMP280 sensors via I2C communication. Custom firmware was developed to gather sensor data and manage power resources efficiently. Solar Panels are also used for redundant Power Support. The CubeSat features a wireless transceiver for communication with ground stations, facilitating telemetry data transmission and command reception. This CubeSat can collect sensor’s data and transmit it to Ground Station for analysis, contributing valuable insights into its surrounding environment. Maintenance and potential upgrades will be considered to extend its operational lifespan. This project exemplifies the intricate process of designing and developing a CubeSat, highlighting the integration of advanced sensors and microcontrollers in a 3D-printed structure. The CubeSat's deployment underscores its potential for scientific research and data collection in the realm of space exploration. Developed by Go Science Technical Team. IndexTerms – Go Science, CubeSat, ESP32, MPU9250, BMP280, Environmental Monitoring, Space Technology, Sensor Integration, Data Collection, Climate Research, Microsatellites, Miniature Satellites, Space Sensors, Atmospheric Data, Earth Observation, Remote Sensing, Environmental Science, Climate Monitoring, Sensor Fusion, Space Exploration.

SDR implementation and real-time performance evaluation of 5G channel coding techniques

This article presents a study on the real-time performance and practical implementation of several 5G channel coding candidates including low-density parity check (LDPC), polar, turbo, and convolutional channel codes. The experiment was conducted using a wireless communication transceiver system implemented on a software defined radio (SDR) platform called Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The system was implemented using Matlab software and included scrambling, channel coding, interleaving, and required synchronization and estimation blocks. Various sets of system and channel parameters were tested, including the impact of information block sizes, code lengths, and modulation orders on the performance of each channel coding technique. The study also evaluated the impact of hardware impairments and the required blocks to mitigate them. The results indicated that polar codes had the best performance, while other codes had trade-offs for various system parameters. The study concludes that polar codes with cyclic redundancy check-successive cancellation list (CRC-SCL) are the most reliable 5G channel coding candidates.

An End-to-End Dual ASIC OFDM Transceiver for Ultrasound In-Body Communication.

Implanted medical devices need a reliable, secure and low-energy wireless communication link. Ultrasound (US) wave propagation is promising over other techniques due to its lower body attenuation, inherent security and well-studied physiological impact. While US communication systems have been proposed, they either neglect realistic channel conditions or fail to be integrated into small-scale, energy-scarce systems. Therefore, this work proposes a custom, hardware efficient OFDM modem optimized for the diverse needs of ultrasound in-body communication channels. This custom OFDM modem is implemented in an end-to-end dual ASIC transceiver: a 180nm BCD analog front end and a digital baseband chip in 65nm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the ASIC solution provides tuning knobs to increase the analog dynamic range, to update the OFDM parameters and to fully reprogram the baseband processing, necessary to adjust for the channel variability. Ex-vivo communication experiments on a 14cm thick piece of beef achieve 470kbps with BER 3e-4, while consuming 56nJ/bit and 10.9nJ/bit Tx/Rx.

Low-cost, high-resolution and no-manning distributed sensing system for the continuous monitoring of fruit growth in precision farming

Accurate, continuous and reliable data gathering and recording about crop growth and state of health, by means of a network of autonomous sensor nodes that require minimal management by the farmer will be essential in future Precision Agriculture. In this paper, a low-cost multi-channel sensor-node architecture is proposed for the distributed monitoring of fruit growth throughout the entire ripening season. The prototype presented is equipped with five independent sensing elements that can be attached each to a sample fruit at the beginning of the season and are capable of estimating the fruit diameter from the first formation up to the harvest. The sensor-node is provided with a LoRa transceiver for wireless communication with the decision making central, is energetically autonomous thanks to a dedicated energy harvester and an accurate design of power consumption, and each measuring channel provides sub-mm 9.0-ENOB effective resolution with a full-scale range of 12 cm. The accurate calibration procedure of the sensor-node and its elements is described in the paper, which allows for the compensation of temperature dispersion, noise and non-linearities. The prototype was tested on field in real application, in the framework of the research activity for next-generation Precision Farming performed at the experimental farm of the Department of Agricultural and Food Science of the University of Bologna, Cadriano, Italy.

Statistical Analysis of Inverse Lindley Data Using Adaptive Type-II Progressively Hybrid Censoring with Applications

This paper deals with the statistical inference of the unknown parameter and some life parameters of inverse Lindley distribution under the assumption that the data are adaptive Type-II progressively censored. The maximum likelihood method is considered to acquire the point and interval estimates of the distribution parameter, reliability, and hazard rate functions. The approximate confidence intervals are also addressed. The delta method is taken into consideration to approximate the variances of the estimators of the reliability and hazard rate functions to get the required intervals. Based on the assumption of gamma prior, we further consider Bayesian estimation of the different parameters. The Bayes estimates are obtained by considering squared error and general entropy loss functions. The Bayes estimates and highest posterior density credible intervals are obtained by employing the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. An exhaustive numerical study is conducted to compare the offered estimates with regard to their root means squared error, relative absolute biases, confidence lengths, and coverage probabilities. To explain the suggested methods, two applications are investigated. The numerical findings show that the Bayes estimates perform better than those obtained based on the maximum likelihood method. The Bayesian estimations using the asymmetric loss function give more efficient estimates than the symmetric loss. Finally, the inverse Lindley distribution is recommended to be used as a suitable model to fit airborne communication transceiver and wooden toys data sets when compared with some competitive models including inverse Weibull, inverse gamma and alpha power inverted exponential.

Robust Sum-Rate Maximization in Transmissive RMS Transceiver-Enabled SWIPT Networks

In this article, we propose a state-of-the-art downlink communication transceiver design for transmissive reconfigurable metasurface (RMS)-enabled simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) networks. Specifically, a feed antenna is deployed in the transmissive RMS-based transceiver, which can be used to implement beamforming. According to the relationship between wavelength and propagation distance, the spatial propagation models of plane and spherical waves are built. Then, in the case of imperfect channel state information (CSI), we formulate a robust system sum-rate maximization problem that jointly optimizes RMS transmissive coefficient, transmit power allocation, and power splitting ratio design while taking account of the nonlinear energy harvesting model and outage probability criterion. Since the coupling of optimization variables, the whole optimization problem is nonconvex and cannot be solved directly. Therefore, the alternating optimization (AO) framework is implemented to decompose the nonconvex original problem. In detail, the whole problem is divided into three subproblems to solve. For the nonconvexity of the objective function, successive convex approximation (SCA) is used to transform it, and the penalty function method and difference-of-convex (DC) programming are applied to deal with the nonconvex constraints. Finally, we alternately solve the three subproblems until the entire optimization problem converges. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm has convergence and better performance than other benchmark algorithms.

Packaging and Interconnect Considerations in Neuromorphic Photonic Accelerators

Developing compute platforms capable of performing computations at high speed is essential for data processing in the next generation of data centers and edge devices. A neuromorphic photonic accelerator on a silicon photonic platform is a promising solution. Compared to silicon photonic data communication transceiver modules, neuromorphic photonic accelerators constitute a large number of active and passive components and optoelectronic devices to handle the parallel processing. Thus, an increased number of optical and electrical interconnects are required, making the packaging of such processors challenging. Moreover, thermal and electrical crosstalk can dramatically degrade the performance of such processors. Thus, packaging a neuromorphic photonic accelerator for efficient processing and data movement requires careful considerations at the chip, module, and board levels. This work investigates the challenges and potential solutions for optical coupling, optical and electrical interconnections, processor-memory communication, and thermal and electrical cross-talk to develop neuromorphic photonic accelerators.

Design and Research of Channel Circuit Based on Broadband Power Line Carrier

In order to effectively improve the anti-attenuation, anti-noise and anti-impedance change capabilities of the low-voltage narrowband power line carrier communication unit, reduce the carrier signal coupling attenuation, and highly fidelity signal power encoded and modulated by the carrier chip, an improved high-speed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit is designed. Using 303.13kHz~357.81kHz as sub-carrier signal frequency can effectively avoid the random noise generated by high-power power electronic equipment and household appliances below 35kHz. At the same time, to prevent the frequency crosstalk of power line carrier products with 270kHz and 421kHz as the center frequency, the Y-coupling capacitor and sixth order Butterworth band-pass filter circuit are used to design the signal receiving and transmitting circuit of the communication unit to isolate unwanted signals. The experimental simulation of the designed circuit is carried out on the circuit simulation software Multisim 12. The results show that the designed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit can effectively control the signal coupling attenuation within 4dB, and the filtering of unwanted signals can also reach 41.7dB, which has good application value.

Design of high‐speed data transfer turbo code for body channel communication transceivers

SummaryIn this work, a digital differential transmitter based on low‐power wireless compensation transceiver for body channel communication (BCC) is proposed. Further, the proposed transceiver is composed of Touch Status Detection Unit (TSDU), Wireless Status Compensation Unit (WSCU), and a reconfigurable preamplifier. Initially, the human body channel environment for wireless communication is investigated based on properties from 1 to 100 MHz. Further, the turbo code‐based encoding scheme is used to encode the data before transferring the data on the transmitter side. Also, the proposed error‐correcting parallel turbo decoder using a modified step‐by‐step algorithm is presented. The turbo code‐based decoding scheme is used to recover the error‐free transmitted data at the receiver side. Results demonstrate that the proposed BCC transceiver is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology and it is observed that the proposed BCC transceiver has utilized an area of 600mm2. Also, the maximum data rate achieved by a proposed BCC transceiver was 100 Mbps, and the overall transceiver power consumption is 0.42 mW, and energy for communication is 0.02 nj/b.

Reliability Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant Full-Duplex Optical Wireless Communication Transceiver

Reliability Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant Full-Duplex Optical Wireless Communication Transceiver

Bias-Corrected Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Bayesian Inference for the Process Performance Index Using Inverse Gaussian Distribution

In this study, the estimation methods of bias-corrected maximum likelihood (BCML), bootstrap BCML (B-BCML) and Bayesian using Jeffrey’s prior distribution were proposed for the inverse Gaussian distribution with small sample cases to obtain the ML and Bayes estimators of the model parameters and the process performance index based on the lower specification process performance index. Moreover, an approximate confidence interval and the highest posterior density interval of the process performance index were established via the delta and Bayesian inference methods, respectively. To overcome the computational difficulty of sampling from the posterior distribution in Bayesian inference, the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach was used to implement the proposed Bayesian inference procedures. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed BCML, B-BCML and Bayesian estimation methods. An example of the active repair times for an airborne communication transceiver is used for illustration.

(Invited) Miniature Image Sensor Based on Van Der Waals Semiconductors

Miniature electronics are highly demanded by implantable and prosthetic devices, minimally invasive techniques, medical microrobotics, and many emerging applications. In line with this trend, power sources, communication transceivers, and actuators have been miniaturized successively. In contrast, the downscaling of image sensors is significantly delayed, due to the bottleneck of current device architectures. In this talk, we report our recent progress in addressing this challenge, leveraging van der Waals semiconductors (vdW-Ss). Our vdW-S image sensor replaces the widely used lateral Bayer configuration with a vertical color sensing structure, as such, only occupies a quarter of the original space. By properly arranging the position of red, green, and blue sensing channels in this vertical structure, we can also deliver an image sensor with the capability of chromatic aberration correction, which is rarely achieved by its counterparts. The correction of aberration, in turn, facilitates the lens system simplification and accelerates the downscaling of cameras. In order to implement the genuine integration of our image sensor architecture, a vdW-Ss doping level control strategy is also being developed and will be discussed in this talk.