Communication Navigation Research Articles

Standardized Extraction of Air Traffic Control Hazard Features Based on Expert Knowledge

Air traffic control (ATC) hazard feature extraction is a key information retrieval task for air traffic hazard records. While text-based feature extraction ranks term importance based solely on statistical results, we aim to use external knowledge to extract features that meet the definition of hazards. This paper proposes a feature extraction method based on expert knowledge to define hazard features and construct a hazard analysis framework. We illustrate the model training process using communication navigation and surveillance (CNS) data, which includes candidate feature generation, feature vectorization, and cluster-based standardization. The correct structure of terms in hazard records, the vector distribution of candidate features, and the clustering effect of different methods are briefly explored. The algorithm refines and accumulates expert knowledge through iteration. The experiment results demonstrate that the dataset obtained after specific linguistic processing based on expert knowledge could extract more informative candidate features to construct analysis context by k-means. The proposed model outperformed four comparative algorithms in accuracy, reaching 82% and 86% in the air traffic control operation (ATCO) dataset and the CNS dataset, respectively. Additionally, the information-rich hazard features support safety management departments’ decision-making, reducing the cost of investigating hidden hazards.

Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference

Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference

РОЗРОБКА ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ НАВІГАЦІЇ ТА ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ОРІЄНТАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ЛЮДЕЙ З ВАДАМИ ЗОРУ

A prototype of an information and communication navigation and spatial orientation system for people with visual impairments has been developed based on a mobile device. The prototype has several advantages, including portability, convenience, and ease of use. This is achieved through a harmonious combination of optimized software modules that provide data collection, navigation, intelligent analytics, and image processing within a single smartphone. To implement the prototype, stages of development of the information and communication system were previously conducted, subject area analysis was carried out, software and hardware options were researched, and an architecture was designed based on an algorithm for asynchronous processing of a large stream of data. The result of the work is a verified basic prototype of the system, ready for use in testing conditions and data collection for further research.

Parametric Study of Structured UTM Separation Recommendations with Physics-Based Monte Carlo Distribution for Collision Risk Model

With the increasing demand for unmanned aircraft system (UAS) traffic management (UTM) airspace comes the need to ensure the safe operation and management of said airspace. One layer of defense against mid-air-collision and the ensuing third-party injury or fatality is the pre-flight separation assurance. This could be achieved by establishing the separation requirements for the UTM traffic based on the flight dynamics and communication navigation surveillance (CNS) performance that could be achieved in the airspace in question. A modified Reich collision risk model, typically used in civil aviation for separation minima evaluation, was used for the evaluation of the initial separation that would meet the target level of safety within a prescribed look-ahead time. This paper presents the parametric evaluation of using this physics-based and Monte Carlo-driven Reich collision risk model to evaluate the separation recommendation needed to achieve 10−7 mid-air-collision risk in UTM. The evaluation was conducted for an encounter pair consisting of identical ∼1.2 kg quadrotors with various encounter geometries, cruise velocities, navigation uncertainties, and communication latency.

A Risk Analysis of Communication, Navigation and Sensing Satellite Systems Threats

The use of space systems to support Communication Navigation Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) activities has increased exponentially since their first application in 1965 with the Initial Defense Satellite Communications System. Although the first major application was for communications services, space-based capabilities have now expanded to provide a wide range of other types of services. Today these applications include navigation, targeting, mapping, remote sensing, surveillance and meteorological tracking, prediction and other services [1, 2]. Currently space is seen as a new frontier in which satellites play a major role. Given the importance of CONASENSE satellite services in today’s life and huge amounts of financial resources and the state-of-the-art technological capabilities, that are necessary to realize this kind of technology, it makes a satellite system a realistic target for threats. Currently cyber threats are becoming the most obvious resources to take adversary action against CONASENSE satellites. In addition to that the ground control stations and antennas will also be vulnerable to cyber threats and conventional threats as well. In this paper the threats of CONASENSE satellites are studied and a risk analysis of the relevant threats is provided. The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the role it can possibly play in protective measures are also included.

Calculation of Information-Theoretic Properties of a Communication Channel with Real Signals and Non-Gaussian Noise

The paper proposes numerical methods to calculate the data transfer rate over a communication channel with real signals in the presence of a mixture of Gaussian and non-Gaussian correlated noise. This paper considers the transmission of discrete and continuous messages. The estimate of the data transmission rate given by the proposed methods is much more accurate than the estimation given by the Shannon limit. The proposed methods can be used for the information-theoretical analysis of the wide range of systems: systems of digital and analogous communication, radiolocation and radio navigation.

Features of training of marine ship radio specialists

The article discusses the features of training radio specialists for sea transport, taking into account international and national requirements for the qualifications of seafarers. It is emphasized that only persons who have diplomas and qualification certificates of the established form are allowed to occupy the positions of ship’s crew members. As part of the study, qualification documents were systematized for a GMDSS limited area operator, GMDSS operator, GMDSS second class radio electronics, radiotelephone operator and GMDSS first class radio electronics. The areas, types and tasks of the professional activity of the graduates of the educational program “Radio communication and electrical radio navigation of the marine fleet” have been determined. Among the main objects of professional activity, radio-electronic equipment on ships and coastal centers of sea and water transport is highlighted. It was emphasized that the results of training specialists are assessed by the acquired universal, general professional and professional competencies, i.e. the ability to apply knowledge, skills and personal qualities in accordance with the tasks of professional activity. The article examines modern trends in determining the quality of education by using internal and external assessments. It is concluded that the training of radio specialists for maritime transport in modern conditions is of great importance, especially taking into account the development of transportation along the Northern Sea Route and the industrial development of the Arctic. At the same time, the defining condition is the inclusion of international and national requirements in the educational process, then graduates in the field of radio communication and electric radio navigation of the marine fleet will be in demand in the Russian and foreign freight market.

Identification of the need for unmanned radiation monitoring facilities in the radiation monitoring of research reactors in Indonesia

The facility’s licensee conducts environmental radiation monitoring in nuclear facilities to monitor radiation exposure in the facility’s vicinity. This activity is carried out also to monitor radiation release as a result of nuclear reactor operation. Aside from that, monitoring also works as a device to monitor radioactive release in a nuclear emergency. Therefore, the radiation monitoring system is crucial in nuclear utilization facilities to determine the number of radiation exposure to the surrounding environment. However, the existing stationary monitoring system has a risk of being unable to work if the system is down in case of natural disaster occurs. One way to mitigate this risk is to deploy an unmanned radiation monitoring system to monitor radiation exposure without putting personnel at risk. To define a suitable unmanned radiation monitoring system, identification of facilities and infrastructure required to design an unmanned radiation monitoring system for a research reactor in Indonesia is carried out. Facilities and infrastructure needed for unmanned radiation monitoring systems are unmanned aerial vehicles, radiation detector, control and communication module, navigation system, and software for the control system. These required facilities and infrastructure are then specified to determine the necessary specification for monitoring research reactor in Indonesia. The facilities’ required specifications are unmanned aerial vehicles with rotary-wing type, CdZnTe Detector, and GPS/GLONASS based navigation system. For infrastructure specification, control and communication module and software for the control system is not specified in how the system could meet the expected required performance rather than in detail. However, the system must provide and process measurement data in real-time to be presented in a radiation heatmap. Keywords: Identification, Radiation Monitoring, Unmanned

Construction Method of Geomagnetic Reference Map for Satellite Communication Navigation through Kriging Method

The construction of the geomagnetic reference map is the basis of geomagnetic navigation, but the geomagnetic reference map established directly from the measured data is generally difficult to meet the accuracy requirements of the geomagnetic navigation. A method of constructing geomagnetic reference map based on the combination of Kriging method and BP neural network is proposed. Through the establishment of simulation models and interpolation experiments, the relationship between the interpolation errors of the two algorithms and the total magnetic field gradient at the interpolation point is analyzed. The interpolation error of Kriging interpolation in the region with large gradient is greater than that of BP neural network, and the interpolation error in the region with small gradient is smaller than that of BP neural network. Kriging interpolation has greater errors in areas with higher gradients than that of BP neural network. As the gradient increases, the difference between the cumulative error of the BP neural network and the Kriging method has an obvious point of inflection, indicating that in the region where the gradient is greater than the point of inflection coordinates, the Kriging method interpolation result can be replaced by the BP neural network prediction value to improve the interpolation accuracy. Experimental result shows that the method is effective.

A Global Empirical Model of the Ion Temperature in the Ionosphere for the International Reference Ionosphere

This study presents a suggestion for improvement of the ion temperature (Ti) model in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). We have re-examined ion temperature data (primarily available from NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF)from older satellites and combined them with newly available data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), the Communication Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS), and from the recently launched Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON). We have compiled these data into a unified database comprising in total Ti data from 18 satellites. By comparisons with long term records of ion temperature from the three incoherent scatter radars (ISRs) (Jicamarca, Arecibo, and Millstone Hill), it was found that an intercalibration is needed to achieve consistency with the ISR data and among individual satellite data sets. This database with thus corrected data has been used for the development of a new global empirical model of Ti with inclusion of solar activity variation. This solar activity dependence is represented by an additive correction term to the Ti global pattern. Due to the limited data coverage at altitudes above 1000 km, the altitude range described by the model ranges from 350 km to 850 km covering only the region where generally Ti is higher than the neutral temperature (Tn) and lower than the electron temperature (Te). This approach is consistent with the current description of Ti in the IRI model. However, instead of one anchor point at 430 km altitude as in the current IRI, our approach includes anchor points at 350, 430, 600, and 850 km. At altitudes above 850 km Ti is merged using a gradient derived from the model at 600 and 850 km, with the electron temperature described by the IRI-2016/TBT-2012 option. Comparisons with the ISR data (Jicamarca, Arecibo, Millstone Hill, and Kharkiv) for high and low solar activity and equinox show that the proposed Ti model captures local time variation of Ti at different altitudes and latitudes better than the current IRI-2016 Ti model.

Аdaptive broadband low-noise RF amplifier

Adaptive broadband low-noise radio frequency amplifiers (ABLNRFA) are widely used in the construction of systems for protecting radio receiving paths from nonlinear damage in a non-stationary electromagnetic environment (EME). One of the promising focus areas on the creation of ABLNRFA is the development of devices in the class of circuits with switched networks. The creation of such devices has certain features, since, along with the need to ensure a low noise figure and digital control of the regulation characteristic, it is required to provide high linearity and a large dynamic range (DR) of the device. This paper presents the results of the logical-heuristic synthesis of ABLNRFA with an adaptively adjustable transducer gain, which changes due to switching of transformer feedback circuits. In order to check the functional and technical characteristics of the synthesized ABLNRFA and optimize its parameters, a model was developed and studied in the ADS environment. The proposed ABLNRFA technical solution provides a discrete (23, 14, 10 and 5 dB) wideband change in the transmission coefficient, while the DR for third-order intermodulation in terms of a 1 MHz band is 83, 92, 98 and 104 dB, respectively. A step change in the transducer gain in the circuit of the lossless feedback circuit developed by ABLNRFA avoids the accumulation of additional noise in the structure and provides a low-noise figure that does not exceed 1 dB. The technical characteristics of ABLNRFA allow one to adaptively increase the overload capacity of the radio receiving path with a proportional expansion of its DR in the conditions of non-stationary EME, and thus increase the efficiency of the level protection system against nonlinear damage to the receiving paths of radio communication, radar and radio navigation.

Empirical analysis on human dynamics of sharing-bicycles’ user behavior

With the development of mobile communication and global positioning system navigation and positioning technology, analysis of user behavior on mobile Internet has become a hot topic in research area. Sign in sharing-bicycles’ app, find bicycle location, and selected has become a part of mobile Internet user’s daily life. Based on the data analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics, find out sharing-bicycle’s user behavior obeys power-law distribution. In the time interval, user behavior of sharing-bicycle has strong intermittency and weak memory; the exponent of probability that K edge nodes is three by fitting the distance of sharing-bicycle’s data curve. It is verified that mobile Internet is long to scale-free networks. We conclude seven characteristics of user’s behavior of sharing-bicycle in mobile Internet application from experimental results. The analysis of sharing-bicycle’s behavior has become a complement and extension in human dynamics research field.

An effort to study the influence of tides on the longitudinal variation of vertical E[formula omitted]B drift over the African sector

Meteorological processes such as tides influence ionospheric variability through vertical coupling. For the first time, we have used data from Communication Navigation Outage and Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite from 2008–2015 to develop a Neural Network (NN) vertical E×B drift model over the African region, with inclusion of a proxy of tides as one of the inputs together with other physical and geophysical inputs. Two models (with and without tidal proxy input) were developed for both East and West African sectors. To derive the tidal proxy, we first calculate the 60-day running means per year which were subtracted from the actual vertical E×B drift measurements to obtain a set of residuals. The purpose of the subtraction was to remove long-term trends in vertical E×B drift that could potentially alias into tides. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was then performed on the residuals per day to obtain amplitudes and phases which were used as tidal proxy representation in vertical E×B drift modelling. The developed model with tides’ proxy input showed an improvement of 22.2% and 16.7% over the East (38.8oE) and West (9.2oW) African sectors respectively. In most cases, the developed models were able to capture the diurnal patterns of vertical E×B drift including the expected pre-reversal enhancement. The performance of the two models during geomagnetically quiet days and storm periods was comparable but not similar.

SCOR Based Maintenance Management Model Suggestion for Communication Navigation and Surveillance Services in Civil Aviation Sector

SCOR Based Maintenance Management Model Suggestion for Communication Navigation and Surveillance Services in Civil Aviation Sector

A phase locking scheme of two-mode squeezed microwave preparation

As the core of quantum entanglement, two-mode squeezing is manifested in cross-correlations of incompatible observables between two subsystems, which makes the two-mode squeezed microwave an ideal resource for applications in quantum communication, quantum illumination, and quantum microwave navigation. Currently the preparation scheme of two-mode squeezed microwave, based on the Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) and a superconducting 180° hybrid ring coupler, proves to be the most efficient and excellent in quantum properties. Nevertheless, the difficult phase locking processing restricts the further improvement of entanglement. There is no effective solution but the dual-path receiver with phase stabilization measures, and the phase error reaches as high as 0.3°, which still does not meet the requirements for phase locking precision and entanglement stability. To overcome the academic obstacle, we propose a phase locking scheme to achieve a stable two-mode squeezed microwave. There are two JPAs used to separately generate single-mode squeezed microwaves, between which the difference lies in the fact that the input of one JPA is phase-modulated but the other is not. A superconducting 180° hybrid ring coupler is used to distribute the two single-mode squeezed microwaves into two output paths, which are two-mode squeezing if the squeezing directions of the two single-mode squeezed microwave are orthogonal. That is to say, the relative phase satisfies the condition <inline-formula><tex-math id="M65">\begin{document}$\theta = {\text{π}}/2$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="3-20191348_M65.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="3-20191348_M65.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. By mixing the unmodulated single-mode squeezed microwave and one output of the superconducting 180° hybrid ring coupler, a relative phase is obtained in subsequent process. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used as the input of phase error, and the output is used to adjust the pump phase of JPA, which is the key to phase locking and stable two-mode squeezing. The present research not only provides an effective strategy to achieve stable two-mode squeezed microwave, but also may attract more attention to the precisive measurement of two-mode squeezed microwave.

Structural and Cognitive Transformation of the Education Discipline “Library and Information Service”

The article describes the experience of structural and cognitive transformation of the discipline "Library and information service" (LIS), which is taught to students in frames of the specialty 029 "Information, library and archival affairs" at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (KNUCaA). The formation and substantive filling of it in different historical periods have been analysed. It has been proved that in the current conditions of rapid technical and technological development, new media introduction, creation of a single information space thematic and semantic content of the course is significantly expanding, which requires its transformation. It is proposed to introduce in the invariant part of the curriculum the discipline "Information service", in which service is considered as a phenomenon of communication culture, navigation and search activities carried out in a single information system. This is also due to the fact that information service, along with other types of services (transport service, energy, medical, trade, cultural and educational, etc.) is developing at the most powerful pace, it is dominant in the conditions of informatization of society. The expediency of including the discipline "Library and Information Service" in the invariant part of the curriculum and teaching it for the specialization "Management of Library and Information Activity" is substantiated. In mastering the course, students will become acquainted with the peculiarities of service organization in different types of libraries, modern technologies, traditional and innovative forms of popularizing information resources and services of libraries with the psychological principles of service in the modern library environment. The achievement of the goal of the study was facilitated by the methodology of the socio-communicative approach, the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematization, consideration of the problems of library and information services in its dialectics and causation. The scientific novelty of the study is that the transformation of the structural and cognitive components of the LIS discipline in library science was not considered, in accordance with the formation of the system of general and professional competences reflected in the descriptors of the National Qualifications Framework at the first (bachelor) level in the specialty 029 case. It has been proved that the competences that a future specialist will acquire will help to be competitive in the labour market and build professional growth.

LEO-Augmented GNSS Based on Communication Navigation Integrated Signal.

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is of great benefit for the positioning performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). To realize the system of LEO-augmented GNSS, three methods to integrate communication and navigation signal for LEO communication system with the least influence on the communication performance are analyzed. The analysis adopts the parameters of IRIDIUM signal as restrictions. This paper gives quantitative comparison of these methods considering CN0(carrier noise power spectral density rate) margin, pseudorange accuracy, Doppler accuracy, and communication loss. For method 1, a low-power navigation signal is added to the communication signal. For method 2, the navigation signal is launched in one or more frames. For method 3, the navigation signal is launched in the frequency band separated to the communication signal. The result shows that the pseudorange accuracy of method 2 is far below method 1 and method 3. However, the difference of Doppler accuracy among the three methods can be emitted. Detailed analysis shows that method 1 is practicable when the communication and navigation signal power rate is 15 dB. It achieves the balance of pseudorange accuracy and bit error rate (BER) performance under this condition. Comprehensive comparison of these methods is given in the last. The result shows that the CN0 margin of the navigation signal for method 3 can be 13.04 dB higher than method 1, based on the accuracy threshold considered in this paper. Methods 1 and 3 have the advantage of high accuracy and high CN0 margin respectively. However, method 3 causes high communication capacity loss. Considering that the main disadvantage of GNSS signals is low CN0, method 3 is a good choice for the LEO-augmented GNSS system. Methods 1 and 3 can be combined to realize both high accuracy and high CN0 margin if possible.

Communication lapses and navigation needs for non-English-speaking patients: An MSK Patient and Family Advisory Council and Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities initiative.

178 Background: In 2017, 5,939 outpatients (5%) and 1,065 inpatients (9%) treated at MSK were non-English-speaking. Given the new and varying treatment paradigms combined with the need to consider clinical trial enrollment, there are increasingly complex communication needs. We sought to address the needs of this vulnerable patient population. Methods: Patient Family Advisory Council in collaboration with the Immigrant Health & Cancer Disparities Service conducted focus groups to determine needs of non-English speaking patients treated at MSKCC. Mass emails were sent out to the MSK attendings and nurses to recommend appropriate patients to participate. A coordinator called all those patients and invited them to the focus groups. A trained bilingual moderator led each 120-minute group discussion using an interview guide. Results: Three focus groups were conducted : 2 in Spanish and 1 in Russian. Questions related to communication, patient experience and support services were asked to the patient volunteers. In total, 10 patients and 4 caregivers participated. Across all 3 focus groups, three major themes emerged: (1) inadequate communication, participants brought up examples of communication breakdowns (2) access to resources and information, participants expressed that there was a substantial need for accessible, competent, and social support/navigation services and (3) MSK patient experience, participants discussed interactions with doctors, nurses, and staff. Conclusions: Non-English-speaking patients and family members not only deal have to deal with the fear of a cancer diagnosis but also lack the ability to comfortably communicate their concerns. Programs to empower patients and their families to ask for help and advocate for themselves are desperately needed. Additionally, navigation services are needed to provide assistance in making the appropriate linkages for the services required. This qualitative research at MSK is ongoing.

NLP TOOLS USED IN CIVIL AVIATION: A SURVEY

In this paper we have a look at the various application tools of NLP applied in the field of Civil Aviation. Civil aviation flights around the world are in huge demand. Order books of major Aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing, Airbus, Embraer etc are overflowing and delivery schedules for the next few years are full. In WINGS INDIA 2018 held at Hyderabad, Airbus reported that for the next 10 years India will be receiving one Airbus aircraft every week. [13][14] More aircrafts leads to more pressure on maintenance teams, ATC (Air Traffic Controller), ground marshals / crew and CNS (Communication Navigation Surveillance) handlers. MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul ) units by Boeing, Airbus, ATR apart from simulator Training units are coming up fast in countries like India, China, Srilanka and other countries which calls for more automation of the day to day technical and maintenance works and NLP (Natural Language Processing) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) tools have been playing a just the required role in a remarkable manner in managing incident reports, CNS assistance etc. The supporting role of NLP in maintenance, real time situation awareness and other areas are going to be a necessity in the foreseeable future.

A newly descended method for detecting low-frequency gravitational waves from radio range and range-rate in Earth-Moon space

In the field of space low-frequency gravitational-wave detection, the high-precision microwave Doppler measurement based on the ground tracking station has been performed for more than 40 years. During the extension phase of Chang’E-3 lander, lunar microwave ranging technology of sub-millicycle accuracy was realized based on the independent development planetary radio receiver. Then use the raw data of lunar-earth ranging measurement in X-band, after the deduction of the earth atmospheric aberration, ionospheric disturbance, ground equipment thermal noise and the interplanetary plasma influence, the microwave differential ranging and velocity measurement of higher accuracy was verified. Using this technology, a scheme which is using differential ranging and velocity measurement in Chang’E-4 2-way and 4-way measurement is proposed as a precursor technology. On these bases, using the microwave link of Chang’E-3 lander and the communication navigation satellite in L4 / L5 libration point, a new method of low-frequency gravitational-wave detection, which has the sensitivity of 10–17–10–19, is suggested.