Communication Control System Research Articles

Development of an Improved Communication Control System for ATV Electric Vehicles Using MRS Developers Studio

Transmission, energy management, and distribution systems are critical components of modern electric vehicles, encompassing all sectors of the power system through communication control technology. One widely used communication system in electric vehicles is the Controller Area Network (CAN). This research aims to investigate the development of CAN BUS technology, adapted from large trucks, to control the communication system within an ATV electric vehicle using a communication format similar to bus Communication. The communication control system includes several components: the engine switch, headlight, turn signal, emergency light, horn, forward/reverse gear, and accelerator. The system’s communication protocols were developed using MRS Developers Studio version 1.40 software to create the data transmission and reception formats for the vehicle’s components. The communication system employs three PLC 1.033.30B.00 type E control boxes, each with limited analog and digital input/output ports. The sequence of communication control begins with the engine start/stop operation, as the system will not function unless the engine is started first. The headlight operation is processed within the CAN BUS1 control box. Simultaneously, the turn signal and emergency light functions are controlled by CAN BUS1 and displayed on both the CAN BUS2 (front of the vehicle) and CAN BUS3 (rear of the vehicle) control boxes. Additionally, the accelerator function is managed within the CAN BUS2 control box and displayed on the CAN BUS3 control box. However, this operation is contingent upon the forward/reverse gear selection, managed by CAN BUS1 and processed by CAN BUS3. All system operations are designed within the software’s programming paths. The communication system operates using CAN-High and CAN-Low lines, and communication data fields can be monitored using the PCAN-View software version 4.2.1.533. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of adapting CAN BUS technology for ATV electric vehicles, providing insights into the integration and control of various vehicular components within a unified communication framework.

Broadband four-shoulder sine antenna of radio monitoring and direction finding equipment with a note system of two orthogonally combined printed resistance transformers

Problem statement. The article presents material on the development of antennas used in radio monitoring and radio direction finding equipment of electronic warfare equipment. The basic requirements for the design and characteristics of antennas of radio monitoring and direction finding equipment are presented. Aspects of the fundamentals of the development of a four-arm broadband antenna powered by two orthogonally combined printed resistance transformers, which has not been used before, for the possibility of controlling polarization, are considered, the results of modeling the developed antenna are presented and recommendations for its use in the antenna array are given. Purpose. To develop a small-sized antenna that allows to increase the efficiency of the operation of radio direction finding and radio monitoring complexes in an ultra-wide frequency band, with a special power supply system of two orthogonally combined printed resistance transformers for the possibility of implementing polarization control. Results. Based on the methods of electrodynamic modeling, computational methods of technical electrodynamics, methods of full–scale experimental measurements of antenna characteristics and methods of computer processing of data of full-scale experimental measurements, an antenna has been developed that allows the control of amplitude, phase and polarization parameters in an ultra-wide frequency band. The developed antenna is based on a flat four-arm sine element with a power supply system of two orthogonally arranged printed resistance transformers. The resistance transformer significantly reduces the level of the reflection coefficient at the input and radiation losses. The use of this development in radio direction finding and radio monitoring complexes will reduce the number of sublattices of the antenna system due to the functioning of its elements in an ultra-wide frequency band. The practical significance lies in reducing the number of letters of radio direction finding antenna systems consisting of the developed antenna elements, minimizing the degree of distortion of ultra-wideband signals and ultrashort pulses of arbitrary (varying) polarization received by antenna devices and systems from the antenna presented in the article. The developed antenna and antenna devices based on it can be used for electronic warfare, as well as improving communication and remote control systems.

Representation-Learning-Based CNN for Intelligent Attack Localization and Recovery of Cyber-Physical Power Systems.

Enabled by the advances in communication networks, computational units, and control systems, cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) are anticipated to be complex and smart systems in which a large amount of data are generated, exchanged, and processed for various purposes. Due to these strong interactions, CPPSs will introduce new security vulnerabilities. To ensure secure operation and control of CPPSs, it is essential to detect the locations of the attacked measurements and remove the state bias caused by malicious cyber-attacks such as false data inject attack, jamming attack, denial of service attack, or hybrid attack. Accordingly, this article makes the first contribution concerning the representation-learning-based convolutional neural network (RL-CNN) for intelligent attack localization and system recovery of CPPSs. In the proposed method, the cyber-attacks' locational detection problem is formulated as a multilabel classification problem for CPPSs. An RL-CNN is originally adopted as the multilabel classifier to explore and exploit the implicit information of measurements. By comparing with previous multilabel classifiers, the RL-CNN improves the performance of attack localization for complex CPPSs. Then, to automatically filter out the cyber-attacks for system recovery, a mean-squared estimator is used to handle the difficulty in state estimation with the removal of contaminated measurements. In this scheme, prior knowledge of the system state is obtained based on the outputs of the stochastic power flow or historical measurements. The extensive simulation results in three IEEE bus systems show that the proposed method is able to provide high accuracy for attack localization and perform automatic attack filtering for system recovery under various cyber-attacks.

Performance evaluation of communication networks for networked microgrids

The main goal of cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) is to provide seamless collaboration between the physical and cyber systems, bridging disciplines, such as communication networks and control systems. Controlling the operation of Microgrids (MGs) as a cyber-physical power system must include both the physical and cyber layers. Generally, the microgrid control center MGCC is employed for reliable operation management between the different local controllers within the networked microgrids (NMGs). Therefore, an excessive number of communication channels between the MGCC and the local controllers will exist, affecting the control performance of the NMGs. This paper focuses on developing an innovative communication network emulation model for standalone DC networked microgrids using a Network Simulator (NS3), miming the communication infrastructure to control the networked microgrid system. Through the real-time simulation, the performance of the proposed communication network model was evaluated by employing two transmission protocols, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to facilitate the data exchange between the MGCC and the local controllers in each MG while operating under different traffic loads. The comparative results of using these protocols in terms of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the communication performance metrics, such as the mean delay, percentage of packet loss, and transmitted and received bitrate, reveal notable insights into their suitability in data transmission for controlling and managing the operation of the NMGs.

Overview Of Approach Control Unit Cabin Facilities Related To Noise

As an ATC, we should be able to give our full focus when providing air traffic services. If we cannot focus when working due to noise in the cabin, then the safety of the aircraft can also be threatened. Therefore, an ATC should get a work environment that can support his performance so that he can work optimally. This article delves into the challenges encountered by Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) during their duties at the Tarakan Approach Control Unit, a crucial component of Juwata International Airport in Tarakan, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study revolves around the adverse effects of excessive noise levels within the ATC cabin on controller performance and aviation safety. Through qualitative descriptive methodology, this study explores the factors contributing to the noise problem within the Tarakan APP cabin. It identifies two major sources of noise: gaps in windows and doors, permitting external sounds to infiltrate the cabin, and the lack of sound insulation in the flooring. The results section introduces alternative solutions proposed by the author to mitigate the noise issue and enhance the ATC work environment. These solutions encompass the use of headsets, transitioning to a Voice Communication Control System (VCCS), installing sound-absorbing materials on the cabin floor, and incorporating UPVC to seal gaps in windows and doors. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical need for an enabling work environment that supports ATCs in ensuring aviation safety. The author encourages relevant authorities to consider and implement the proposed solutions to establish a more efficient, effective, safe, and comfortable air traffic control environment at Tarakan APP, ultimately benefiting air navigation services.

Effort to Optimize Coordination Unit in the Aerodrome Control Unit Tower Of Airnav Indonesia

In managing air traffic at the Gorontalo Branch Control tower unit of Airnav Indonesia, communication is an important aspect that involves human resources and facilities. Adequate facilities are essential to carry out air traffic management activities effectively. This study aims to assist Air Traffic Control (ATC) officers in reducing communication errors and overcoming obstacles caused by the use of inefficient equipment. Data collection methods include field observations, interviews, and document analysis. Disturbances in communication during control at the Control Unit Near the Gorontalo Branch became a serious problem due to the inefficiency of the equipment used. This resulted in frequent receiving of wrong calls by ATC officers, which ultimately reduced efficiency in providing services. The solution proposed in this study is to introduce alternative communication equipment, namely the Voice Communication Control System (VCCS), which can be connected to the various units required. It is hoped that the results of this research will facilitate the communication process for ATC officers and reduce call errors when providing navigation services at the Airnav Indonesia Processural Approach Control Unit in Gorontalo.

Towards wireless communication in control systems of the civil nuclear energy sector

The use of wireless communication within the civil nuclear industry can bring many benefits over wired solutions, such as reducing lifecycle costs and enabling new applications in asset and process management. This paper will discuss aspects of wireless communication in industrial control systems, i.e. termed wireless control systems, of the civil nuclear industry. In this respect, we will review previous use of wireless communication in the nuclear industry, and provide the results of a recent feasibility study of wireless communication for an industrial, civil nuclear control system. The studied use case was of an advanced nuclear modular reactor, the Stable Salt Reactor (SSR), and the augmentation of one of its control systems, the refuelling control system, with wireless communication. Hence, in contrast to previous work on wireless control systems, this paper here will focus on the complex and rigorous processes required for regulated safety which have to be followed to allow for wireless control to be implemented in the nuclear civil sector. The following analysis and design procedure was followed: (a) the decision process for choosing the refuelling control system, (b) the review for a suitable communication protocol and technology, the analysis for placement of wireless transceivers for sensors and actuators, (c) the analysis for wireless communication integrity, (d) the basic analysis and guidelines for control system robustness under packet loss, (e) the discussion of possible self-powering options and (f) the safety analysis of the control system under communication failure. Our initial hypothesis is that wireless control systems in Nuclear Applications can improve asset integrity. Control systems can be made more robust and secure to external influences by securely communicating control responses and asset information within a Nuclear Plant. Safety is also improved by reducing the number of operator interactions required for servicing connections, as failures are reduced overall. The removal of power/data harnesses from in-reactor applications can enable faster deployment and replacement of instrumentation for new builds, existing plants and decommissioning.

Smart Glove or Sign Language and AI-Driven Wheelchair Navigation

Gesture gloves are a promising solution for individuals who struggle with both mobility and communication. These gloves' sensor technology helps with nonverbal communication as well as mobility, which is especially beneficial for people who have trouble pushing manual wheelchairs[2]. The goal of gesture gloves, a notable development in assistive technology, is to empower people with disabilities by improving mobility and enabling effective communication through natural hand and finger movements[1]. The use of AI-controlled wheelchairs and smart gloves together raises the bar for assistive technology even higher. The smart glove uses flex sensors to read finger movements and translate them into messages for people who can't effectively use sign language. The AIcontrolled wheelchair simultaneously reacts to recognized gestures, removing the need for assistance from a person and providing an unprecedented degree of independence. For people with disabilities, this gesture-based communication and wheelchair control system offers a comprehensive and game-changing solution that seamlessly integrates into their everyday lives.

Application of multi-source remote sensing technology in UAV communication control system

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are crucial in various sectors but face challenges in communication reliability. This paper introduces a cutting-edge UAV communication control system, designed using time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology and support vector machine (SVM) classification. Our findings reveal exceptional communication link performance across multiple flight scenarios, notably achieving a bit error rate (BER) of 0.001% in cruising mode. Additionally, the system demonstrated remarkable reception sensitivity, closely aligning with theoretical predictions at −81.1 dBm. This innovative approach utilizes multi-source remote sensing to significantly enhance UAV communication, offering a novel strategy for addressing UAV communication dilemmas.

Adaptive State Estimation of UAV Information Physical System Under Network Attack

with the idea of information physics system put forward, governments, enterprises and scientific research in-stitutions have joined the research and construction of information physics system. The construction and development of information physics system is bound to be restricted by the security and privacy of information physical system, which provides theoretical reference for clearing the current security threats of information physical system and providing theoretical reference for the security and privacy protection of information physical system. UAV is an intelligent infor-mation physics system which relies on ground communication and flight control system to realize autonomous flight. The concept of IT system was first proposed by NASA in 1992. As a new intelligent system, UAV has emerged and is widely used. It is a complex system of computing, network and physical entity integration and deep cooperation. Thus, the real-time perception, dynamic control and information service of large physical system and information system can be achieved.

High-precise Motion Control Hardware System and Key Timing Management Research

High-precise and multi-axes motion control system is required in the application of semiconductor equipment and high-performance industrial equipment. To achieve the tight performance requirements, this paper presents the control system architecture, communication, and timing management solution. We use multiple cores DSP and FPGA as the main control chips, use SRIO @5Gbps *4 as the DSP and FPGA communication protocol, and use Aurora 8B/10B @5Gpbs as the inter-board communication protocol. This architecture with its high sampling rate and low latency can improve the motion control performance and raise the system sampling bandwidth. Analysis and test results of system communication and timing management are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

Analysis on the Effect of Phase Noise on the Performance of Satellite Communication and Measurement System

An oscillator is a key component of a satellite communication measurement and control system, performing symmetry precisely as a time frequency reference. At the same time, the phase noise index has a close coupling relationship with the overall performance of the entire system, while persistently breaking the symmetry property of the oscillator during work. It is very important to study and reasonably allocate the phase noise index. According to the theoretical formula of phase noise, this paper analyzes the power law spectral model in the frequency domain and the noise jitter characteristics in the time domain. Using the carrier tracking loop in the measurement system, the frequency domain transfer model of phase noise is established, and typical analysis results are given. A discrete fractional integration algorithm is proposed, which can generate the phase noise time domain sequence under the given power law spectral model coefficients. The proposed algorithm is more realistic compared with the previous numerical calculation method, and has sufficient accuracy compared with the results of the instrument. After frequency domain conversion, the RMS deviation between the simulated noise sequence in the frequency domain and the measured single sideband power spectral density is less than 2.5 dB, indicating that the phase noise sequence can reflect the frequency domain characteristics more completely. A communication measurement simulation system is built, and a discrete sequence simulation analysis method combining frequency domain and time domain is provided, and the coupling relationship of key indicators such as phase noise, thermal noise, communication data rate, modulation method and bit error rate is synthesized. The results show that the BER of the QPSK/BPSK communication system will not be significantly reduced if the phase jitter RMS caused by the phase noise is less than 5 degrees, so 5 degrees can be used as a reference for the decomposition of the carrier SSB phase noise index. The simulation results have been successfully applied to a satellite inter-satellite link system, which has universal practical application value.

A Joint Communication and Control System for URLLC in Industrial IoT

Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is playing an important role in future wireless networks, such as industrial Internet of things (IIoT). Enormous industrial devices are requiring instant and highly-frequent control services, namely delay sensitive control, in order to improve the human safety or the operation accuracy. In this paper, a joint communication and delay sensitive control (JCDSC) system with URLLC is studied, where the control intervals are much shorter than the transmission latency. The control performance, known as the mean square error (MSE) of the plant states, are analysed in theory. The optimal blocklength of the control codewords, the data rate, as well as the minimum required control periods are then obtained, in order to minimize the control latency. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis, while also demonstrating that an optimal blocklength of codewords should be selected in order to reduce the control latency.

Preventing water-inrush from floor in coal working face with paste-like backfill technology

In the view of the situation where great economic loss often occurs during mining deep coal seams in Feicheng coal field due to water inrush from the floor Ordovician limestone aquifer, the floor "lower four-zone" theory was used as a guide. 81006 working face of Caozhuang Coalmine in Feicheng coal field was taken as the research background, and paste filling technology was proposed to inhibit or reduce the damaged floor depth caused by mine ground pressure in order to prevent water inrush from the floor Ordovician limestone aquifer. Glue material, coal gangue powder, and fly ash were selected as filling material, and a ground filling system, including a material production system, storage material system, power supply and water supply system, automatic control and measurement system, monitoring and control communications system, emergency response system, and underground filling system, including pipe conveyor system and working face blocking grout loss system, were established to achieve effective filling goaf. Field stress monitoring and floor damaged depth measurement showed that when reaching a steady state after a period of time, paste filling working face not only restored to the original stress state but also significantly reduced the floor's damaged depth caused by mine ground pressure. This verifies that working face with paste-like backfill technology is a very effective measure to prevent water-inrush from the floor.

LWED: Lightweight white-box encryption communication system for drones over CARX algorithm

The application field of drones is being broadened with the development of communication and computer technology, but the communication link and data security of drones are facing great threats due to the limited hardware and software resource environment. Attackers can access not only the intermediate data of drone nodes through various means, but even tamper or manipulate their communication environment, when the drone and the control terminal are not trusted and can be regarded as a white-box attack environment. To solve the security problem in drone communication, a lightweight block cipher CARX for drones is proposed and white-boxed for its implementation to cope with the increasingly severe white-box attacks. And over this cryptographic algorithm, a simulated lightweight white-box encryption communication system for drones (LWED) is designed, which can complete the encryption and decryption operations and secure transmission of data and images, etc. The average encryption rate of the 64-bit version of the algorithm is 7.29×10-2Mbps, and the average encryption rate of white-box CARX (WCARX) is 1.18×10-2Mbps, and the average decryption time of the flight status parameters data of the encrypted communication control system is 0.14s. Compared with similar algorithms, the CARX algorithm can guarantee the encryption and decryption efficiency while providing high security and resistance to a variety of attacks, and can fully secure the data during the communication process after being built into the security system of drone.

Model of Data Transfer through Elements of an Automated Communication Control System

Model of Data Transfer through Elements of an Automated Communication Control System

High Minimum Inter-Execution Time Sigmoid Event-Triggered Control for Spacecraft Attitude Tracking With Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the attitude tracking problem for spacecraft with limited communication, network congestion, unknown model parameters, actuator saturation, and external disturbances. To alleviate communication load, a novel sigmoid event-triggered mechanism is proposed with the special ability to guarantee a high minimum inter-execution time to avoid network congestion like package loss or time delay effectively. A neural network-based adaptive control algorithm is designed to deal with unknown model parameters. Besides, the problem of actuator saturation is tackled by introducing a dynamic loop gain function-based approach. System stability is proved by Lyapunov stability analysis and the high minimum inter-event time is substantiated by Zeno Behavior analysis with explanatory remarks. Numerical simulation results also show that a high minimum inter-event time and a high average inter-event time can be realized on the premise of high attitude tracking accuracy. Compared with all the previous studies, the ratio of the minimum inter-execution time to the average minimum inter-execution time has been improved by nearly 10 times with the proposed approach. Note to Practitioners—This paper was motivated by the problem of spacecraft attitude takeover control, but it also applies to other aperiodic discrete-time control systems. Existing event-triggered control methods have solved the problem of limited communication for attitude takeover control of spacecraft by reducing the number of times wireless communication is required. This paper proposes a new method for realizing quasi-periodic control with a large time gap between any two consistent control impulses using a hyperbolic tangent function or another sigmoid function in an event-triggered mechanism. The proposed sigmoid event-triggered mechanism (ETM) can magnify the event-triggered threshold dozens of times in a short time to avoid unnecessary frequent triggering without decreasing the precision of control. It’s feasible to employ the proposed sigmoid ETM to deal with limited communication and network congestion in other network control systems that are constructed with similar dynamic structures. Furthermore, it would be marvelous if we could transform this sigmoid ETM into a high-efficiency decision-making mechanism in some control systems without using a wireless network. Now we are studying how to realize orbital-attitude (maneuver) control with a relatively average time interval and fewer times of orbit transfer by using the proposed sigmoid ETM. Besides, to further improve the system performance, we are also seeking to further increase the ratio of the minimum inter-execution time to the average inter-execution time. For the purpose of a more even distribution of the triggering events on the time axis, we may modify the proposed sigmoid event-triggered method or associate it with other methods.

A tri-level optimal defense method against coordinated cyber-physical attacks considering full substation topology

In recent years, power systems have been facing an increasing risk of malicious attacks. As modern power systems have a greater reliance on communication and automatic control systems, coordinated cyber-physical attacks will cause more serious consequences for the reliable power supply than traditional malicious attacks. To enhance the resilience of power systems against coordinated attacks, a defense method to allocating hardening resources is proposed in this paper considering the full substation topology and the multi-stage response process of power systems. The problem is formulated as a tri-level optimization model involving interactions among the defender, the attacker, and the operator, in which the synergy impact of three attack forms is considered, i.e., physical attacks causing short-circuiting, cyber attacks causing protective relay misoperation, and cyber attacks causing protective relay maloperation. A graph-based analytical model is established to characterize the impact process of such coordinated attacks on power systems. Case studies are conducted on the IEEE RTS 24-bus system. The influence mechanism of coordinated cyber-physical attacks involving protective relays on power systems is systematically revealed. Results show that the proposed method can effectively defend against the above-mentioned coordinated attacks, and enhance the resilience level of power systems. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is implemented on the influence of attack resources and defense resources on the unserved energy at each stage of the system.

ICSSIM — A framework for building industrial control systems security testbeds

With the advent of the smart industry, Industrial Control Systems (ICS) moved from isolated environments to connected platforms to meet Industry 4.0 targets. The inherent connectivity in these services exposes such systems to increased cybersecurity risks. To protect ICSs against cyberattacks, intrusion detection systems (IDS) empowered by machine learning are used to detect abnormal behavior of the systems. Operational ICSs are not safe environments to research IDSs due to the possibility of catastrophic risks. Therefore, realistic ICS testbeds enable researchers to analyze and validate their IDSs in a controlled environment. Although various ICS testbeds have been developed, researchers’ access to a low-cost, extendable, and customizable testbed that can accurately simulate ICSs and suits security research is still an important issue.In this paper, we present ICSSIM, a framework for building customized virtual ICS security testbeds in which various cyber threats and network attacks can be effectively and efficiently investigated. This framework contains base classes to simulate control system components and communications. Simulated components are deployable on actual hardware such as Raspberry Pis, containerized environments like Docker, and simulation environments such as GNS-3. ICSSIM also offers physical process modeling using software and hardware in the loop simulation. This framework reduces the time for developing ICS components and aims to produce extendable, versatile, reproducible, low-cost, and comprehensive ICS testbeds with realistic details and high fidelity. We demonstrate ICSSIM by creating a testbed and validating its functionality by showing how different cyberattacks can be applied.

Internal Control System and Financial Management in Federal Government Hospitals

Literatures on internal control system in the public sector are quite numerous, with just a few studies assessing how financial management in Federal hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria could be enhanced by the components of internal control system. This study covered this gap by examining internal control system and financial management if Federal government hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. Descriptive research was adopted and the population covered six Federal government hospital in Southwest. 91 respondents were selected across the sampled Federal government hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. A close-ended questionnaire was used after which, analysis was carried out via Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression. It was discovered that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of internal control system (control activities, control environment, risk assessment, information and communication and monitoring) and financial management (financial planning and control) in Federal government hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. It was concluded that financial management in Federal government hospitals could be enhanced through the internal control system. Thus, it was recommended that the federal government hospital management should ensure that the internal control system is periodically monitored and evaluated to enhance their financial management productivity.