Highway Communication Research Articles

Membrane trafficking in podocyte health and disease

Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells localized in the kidney glomerulus. The distinct cell signaling events and unique cytoskeletal architecture tailor podocytes to withstand changes in hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration. Alteration of glomerular filtration leads to kidney disease and frequently manifests with proteinuria. It has been increasingly recognized that cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics are coupled more tightly to membrane trafficking than previously thought. Membrane trafficking coordinates the cross-talk between protein networks and signaling cascades in a spatially and temporally organized fashion and may be viewed as a communication highway between the cell exterior and interior. Membrane trafficking involves transport of cargo from the plasma membrane to the cell interior (i.e., endocytosis) followed by cargo trafficking to lysosomes for degradation or to the plasma membrane for recycling. Yet, recent studies indicate that the conventional classification does not fully reflect the complex and versatile nature of membrane trafficking. While the increasing complexity of elaborate protein scaffolds and signaling cascades is being recognized in podocytes, the role of membrane trafficking is less well understood. This review will focus on the role of membrane trafficking in podocyte health and disease.

Solutions to Neglected Tropical Diseases Require Vibrant Local Scientific Communities

Solutions to Neglected Tropical Diseases Require Vibrant Local Scientific Communities

Los nombres urbanos turcos en el ejemplo de Eskişehir

The paper presents a selected lexical material concerning urbonyms of the city of Eskisehir in Turkey. Examples of names of all the districts (77), selected communication highways (941) as well as commercial and service centres (775) are analysed. The work uses the material collected in the course of the author's fieldwork and from cartographic sources. In each of the three groups of urbonyms a division into types of the name structures as well as the semantic and grammatical distinction of components of those names were made. For each urbonym a translation into Spanish was suggested. Within each of the groups a classification into names stemming from proper names and from common names was introduced. The concluding remarks contain the interpretation of the data as well as an outline of the naming tendencies within the Turkish urban toponymy.

Highway noise management using advisory system

The objective of the advisory system with hierarchical structure and adaptive approach for noise management on a the section of the Berlin to Moscow highway in the vicinity of the city of Poznan is to avoid conflicts related to highway noise, due to synergy based on two activities: supporting operating decisions aimed at maintaining acceptable levels of highway noise and extensive communication of the current and future environmental impact of the highway. The NOMA2 advisory system, due to dialogue based on broad access enables a compromise between the interests of various groups of 'participants' of the decision-making process.

Streamlining Chinese Highway Accident Data Acquisition, Communications, and Analysis

This research examines a streamlined accident data acquisition, communications, and analysis system to improve the Chinese highway safety program. A data logger compatible with the Global Positioning System and geographic information system is proposed to identify highway accident locations and organize the data into a database format. A data encoding concept is used to transform Chinese characters into numbers, so that the encoded data are easy to integrate into a large data system. A three-tier client–server networking system is set up as the backbone framework for data communications between the central database and distributed local offices. Using local database functions, traffic police at the client level can view crash data through data mapping and attribute listing and analyze the data through nested query and sorting operations. A data graphing and analysis module was tested for automatically constructing a collision diagram on selected data. The proposed approach to crash data acquisition and analysis was found to be feasible and effective and will help to enhance China’s highway safety program after full implementation.

Implementation of a World Wide Web Server for the Oil and Gas Industry

Summary The Gas and Oil Technology Exchange and Communication Highway (GO-TECH) provides an electronic information system for the petroleum community for exchanging ideas, data, and technology The PC-based system fosters communication and discussion by linking the oil and gas producers with resource centers, government agencies, consulting firms, service companies, national laboratories, academic research groups, and universities throughout the world. The oil and gas producers can access the GO-TECH World Wide Web (WWW) home page through modem links, as well as through the Internet. Future GO-TECH applications will include the establishment of "virtual corporations" consisting of consortia of small companies, consultants, and service companies linked by electronic information systems. These virtual corporations will have the resources and expertise previously found only in major corporations.

Fiber optic equipment to supplement today's laser electro‐optic laboratories and global communication highway

As the key technology of the Information Superhighway, fiber optics is poised for explosive growth in the next decade. This paper identifies some of the major obstacles involved in establishing a university‐level fiber optics laboratory, and suggests time‐and money‐saving solutions with an emphasis on pre‐packaged fiber optic laboratory kits.

En Italie méridionale : Déséquilibres régionaux et réseaux de transport du milieu du XVIIIe siècle à l'Unité italienne

Dans un rapport détaillé qu'il adressait au Parlement sur l'activité de son ministère dans les premières années du Royaume d'Italie, le ministre des Travaux Publics, Stefano Jacini, évoquant l'écart des réseaux routiers hérités des différents États pré-unitaires, insistait sur l'exécrable situation de l'ancien Royaume des Deux-Siciles. Alors que l'on comptait 154 m de routes nationales et provinciales pour 1 km2 de superficie en Toscane, 132 m en Ombrie et dans les Marches, 128 m dans les provinces lombardes, le chiffre tombait au-dessous de 65 m dans le Mezzogiorno péninsulaire en 1863. Ce déséquilibre s'aggravait encore si l'on prenait en compte la voirie communale.Il ajoutait cependant un correctif :Ce n'est pas à dire que toutes les provinces méridionales aient été dépourvues d'un convenable réseau routier : outre ce qu'il en existait autour de la capitale, la Terre de Bari, la Terre d'Otrante et une partie de la Capitanate avaient été pourvues, principalement grâce aux soins des administrations provinciales, d'un réseau assez serré et correctement entretenu de routes qui reliaient les principales agglomérations de ces riches provinces.

MU6V

MU6V is a parallel vector processing system in which a linear set of processors, each capable of both vector and scalar operations, is interconnected by a common communication highway. Memory is fully distributed among the processors and interprocessor communication occurs by means of global broadcasts controlled in hardware by a data driven synchronization mechanism. A prototype model based on 68000 microprocessors, in which vector orders are emulated as extracodes, has been constructed. A host machine provides a software support environment and a run-time system in the prototype provides diagnostic information. Programming language features have been designed to exploit this configuration and an example algorithm is presented.

NEEDS AND PROBLEMS OF OLDER DRIVERS AND PEDESTRIANS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY WITH TEACHING/LEARNING IMPLICATIONS

Population shifts changing this country from a nation of the young to a nation of the old are producing a traffic profile and problems different from any previously addressed by those concerned with transportation and traffic safety. This paper reviews the demographics related to drivers and pedestrians 55 years and over, identifying and addressing their special traffic problems and needs. Implications of alcohol and other drug use by this age group on traffic problems are reviewed. Physical, cognitive, psychological, and environmental factors that influence learning and performance are addressed as they relate to traffic safety programs, to automobile design, and to highway configurations and signing. Implications for education address driver training and retraining and drug programs. Implications for the role of industry and government include vehicle design, highway communication, and licensing criteria and standards.

Data Highway Systems-Report

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on the different aspects of data highway systems. Mr. Wood opened the discussion with an outline of the data highway requirements in a process plant. These requirements were identified using PROWAY as a reference definition. Mr. Wood identified several issues that need resolution, and invited the panel members to give presentations about these questions, seeking to identify the issues and start discussion. Mr. Janetzky introduced two main alternative architectures for discussion: (1) a single highway structure; and (2) a local bus concept using networking features to interconnect different independent buses. The audience saw a need for both approaches and asked how the work of PROWAY meets the local bus need with multiple buses and networking. It was explained that PROWAY sees this as future work once the single bus has been standardized. Dr. Becker described an example of optical highway communication using double ring connections among a number of control stations in an industrial plant. Optical fiber connections with present technology constrain the user to install point-to-point connections with store and forward between segments of a highway. I

Highway communication system using guidance cable

The guidance cable for automatic driving vehicles can be utilized as a communication medium between the road authority of a highway and vehicles on it. This highway communication system consists of two cables laid along both shoulders of a roadway, two detecting coils attached to the front bumper of a vehicle, and a transmitting-receiving coil mounted on the top of a vehicle. This system enables voice communication between the road authority and road vehicle drivers, and enables a warning to be issued to a vehicle that my swerve from the course.

Highway communication using wide-band cable and inductive transmission methods

Problems are discussed that are presented by shortage of available radio channels if conventional space-wave propagation modes are to be utilized on any extensive basis in establishing new communication and control facilities on interstate highways to enhance safety and efficiency of operation. The need for an integrated-system approach to attain maximum efficiency in the use of the radio spectrum, and adaptability to orderly expansion by compatible stages in accommodating future functions such as those involved in the automatic-highway concept are emphasized. A review of proposed highway communication, surveillance, and control functions, indicates future requirement for a very substantial bandwidth in the radio-frequency spectrum, as well as the need for localization and directionalization of signaling fields to minimize interference difficulties. Use of coaxial-cable systems, with roadside transmission facilities positioned below ground level, is proposed in lieu of microwave or other radio-relay techniques for a number of point-to-point communication and control functions of value to the public and to highway departments. The technical aspects of these roadway services, as well as factors relating to utilization of induction-radio transmission methods as a means of restricting effective signaling range substantially within the right-of-way for vehicular communication functions are discussed. Field strength and other measurement data as derived from experimental tests of roadside-cable systems at various carrier frequencies are incorporated.

A backbone highway communications system using coaxial cable

The problem of providing the communication link for modern highway management and control is analyzed. A 100- mile span of highway is analyzed for typical voice and control function requirements plus closed circuit television monitoring capability. Based on this analysis, the number of channels and hence the bandwidth required to meet typical requirements is developed. It is proposed that a coaxial cable system can best provide the bandwidth and access flexibility that will be necessary for the many links required for effective highway management. A coaxial cable system as a transmission path is shown to be two dimensional in that it involves absolute signal levels as well as spectrum considerations. An analysis of distortion characteristics of state of the art coaxial cable systems is included to arrive at signal to noise plus distortion ratios versus cable length and amplifier gains. Typical cable costs, burial and tunneling labor costs are discussed to show economic practicality. Finally, two high-capacity cable systems are discussed to illustrate the communications capacity of coaxial cable systems.

A total highway communications system using F1-F1repeaters

As part of the future improvement of the nation's highways, the Bureau of Public Roads is planning a two-way communications system. This system will incorporate various sensors to provide for better control and also many safety and convenience services which would be desirable for more efficient use of the highways. A unique radio system confined to highway right-of-way which is economical and has the inherent growth capability which would be required for a nationwide system is outlined. The design concept makes use of recently developed F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> repeater techniques which would result in a nationwide system requiring only two radio frequencies, one from the headquarters' control to the cars or trucks and one from the car to the headquarters. The highly stable roadside frequency is transmitted from the local headquarters' control point and confined to the highways on an F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> repeater system. The car equipment is a transponder unit whose frequency is controlled by the highway system. Automatic location identification of the car signal is provided. Signals can be either voice or digital. For growth and integration with other special services such as car or truck identification, traffic control, route guidance, etc., time-sharing channels can be added to both the highway system and to those cars that require it.

Highway traffic surveillance and control research

The Burean of Public Roads of the U. S. Department of Transportation, through the Traffic Systems Division of its Office of Research and Development, is conducting a research program in the fields of highway traffic surveillance and control. The effort involves in-house, coatract, and cooperative Federal-State research. Being given individual as well as integrated systems consideration are urban highway networks, freeways and rural multilane highways, and two-lane rural highways. Among the many projects trader way or being planned are several major emphasis projects, offering particularly great potential for rapid payoff, together with related theoretical research. These include: 1) an urban traffic control system, utilizing a digital computer, for research into advanced signal control concepts 2) a refined ramp-freeway merging control system 3) advanced freeway flow modelling and surveillance techniques and possible automation of flow 4) a passing aid system for two-lane rural highways, to permit passing on roads with restricted sight distances 5) an electronic route guidance system to supplement signs 6) use of cooperative passing motorists to advise of drivers needing help 7) overall systems analysis of highway communications. Also under way is a broad long-range analysis of the function of transportation.

DAIR—A new concept in highway communications for added safety and driving convenience

DAIR—A new concept in highway communications for added safety and driving convenience

The New Jersey Turnpike - A unique highway communication system

THE NEW JERSEY Turnpike carries by far the greatest traffic load of any toll highway, anywhere. Its peak day totalled 84,132 vehicles; its peak month, 2,004,000; for the year 1952, 18,239,000. Its cost will total some $285,000,000; that of its communications system and related facilities, less than 0.1 per cent of this figure.