Farm Community Research Articles

Effect of Crop Farmers-Pastoralist Conflict on Crop Output in Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the effect of crop farmers-pastoralist conflict on crop output in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Purposive and random sampling methods was used to select 24 communities and 192 respondents (Crop farmers) from the study area. Descriptive statistic and regression model were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that majority (67.23%) of the respondents were between 31 – 50 years; 70.1% of crop farmers had western education and 80.7% of the respondents were married. Furthermore, the respondents had farming experience of 7 – 20 years and above with 48.4% having less than 20 years of farming experience. The multiple regression result showed that there is a strong correlation between the effect of conflict and output/income of crop farmer. Furthermore, the result further indicated losses in monetary term of N87,875,00 arising from the loss of farm produce. The major constraints to the strategies taken by government to resolve the conflict were weakness of state institution (97.95%), slow response to crises (97.92%) and excessive use of force (police/military) in mitigating the conflicts. Conclusively, the farmers-pastoralist conflict had negative effect on crop farmers’ output/income. It was recommended that state institutions need to be pro-active enough to nip the problem of crop farmers – pastoralist conflicts in the bud, Law enforcement agencies should be alive to their constitutional roles and government should strengthen the security around farmers and herders across the country by providing necessary training and sophisticated security equipment are required to control outburst of crisis. Government should make provision for customary institution to settle crop farmers-pastoralists conflicts rather than the courts, and a joint peace and conflict resolution committee consisting of leadership of farm community and the herders be constituted to mediate among conflicting groups.

Economical Communication and Finance for Evolving Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): The Hope & Inevitability for a Prosperous Rural Odisha

Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) help reduce risk, improve new corridors for entrepreneurship, and a new institutional expanse for redefining the value of agriculture for the 21st century. This organization has got the ability to usher a perennial impact on the farm community essential for their evolutionary growth. Economical communication of FPO members has been the driving force for further institutional growth and expansion both by time and space. This study aimed to estimate the inter and intra-level of interaction between sets of predicted variable, economical communication, and predictor variables (x1-x24) and to generate policy at the micro-level. The research design selected for the study was ex post facto design. One hundred (100) respondents were selected from two FPOs, fifty (50) from each FPO of Ranpur block of Nayagarh district of Odisha to conduct the study following the snowball sampling method. The correlation coefficients found that mean family education has been showcasing higher economical communication. Regression results implied that 24 causal variables together have contributed 66.70 percent of the variance in the consequent variable, economical communication (y). The results of path analysis revealed that the variable size of holding has got the highest indirect effect on economical communication. This empirical study has got tremendous policy implications for Odisha and anywhere in India as well.

Fenced open-fields in mixed-farming systems: spatial organisation and cooperation in southern Sweden during the seventeenth century

The organisation of fields and fences in agriculture that emerged during the Middle Ages and the early modern period was a complex system that combined individual ownership of and communal practices in arable land, meadows and pastures. It was adapted for small and mid-size family-based farming and was a different way to organise agriculture than the medieval estates (demesnes) and the larger coherent fields of the eighteenth century and onwards. The past decade of research in historical geography and economic history has highlighted the origin of this system, which is often referred to as the open-field system; it was open in the sense that it promoted communal farming of primarily arable land. This pre-modern farming system was, however, in many areas a physically closed landscape – a landscape where fences stood out as significant elements. This article investigates the use of fences in a part of early modern western Sweden. The empirical base is a reconstruction of fence-organisations from detailed large-scale maps dating from the mid-seventeenth century. Using historical maps, this study focuses on the collaboration and interaction among farms and settlements. We argue that the open-field system cannot be fully understood without regard to an in-depth analysis of the fences and the institutions holding the complex collaboration together. The occurrence or absence of fences in relation to open-fields involves several questions: What are the characteristics of the fences in the farming systems known as open-field? What can be said about the spatial distributions and connections between the settlements sharing the same open-field? Can agrarian landscapes where fences were prominent elements be considered open-field? The results show that fences appear to be a key factor in understanding settlement patterns and open-fields in Scandinavian regions. A large number of fences created small fenced open-fields. Moreover, the divisions of the arable plots had less importance in the creation of open-fields, which included arable land, meadows and pastures. Instead, cross-settlement collaborations and arrangements are central for the open-fields in the study region. The regional differences within the open-field system provide an understanding of the preconditions and organisation of mixed farming, which combined small-scale arable land cultivation and large-scale pastures.

Fodder Preparation Practices Adopted by Community Subsistence Farmers in Zimbabwe in the Face of Climate Change: A Case Study of the Garanyemba Community Ward 13 in the Gwanda District, Matabeleland South Province.

The study identifies methods and practices adopted by communal subsistence farmers in preparing fodder for their livestock in the face of climate change. The purpose is to enhance fodder availability in the Garanyemba Ward 13, Gwanda District in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Explored are challenges that affect methods / practices of fodder preparation on which livestock depends; without which communities cannot survive. The study employed a mixed methods research methodology; gathering data through face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews and questionnaire. Analysis was through descriptive statistics, thematic and content analysis methods. Findings suggest that Garanyemba communal farmers are overwhelmed with numerous problems that affect fodder availability. Mountains and inselbergs have deprived the Ward of its agricultural land and crop residues; a critical component of fodder. Climate change has caused droughts, low rainfall, water shortage, non-availability of grass and premature drying of rivers and wetlands which are the main sources of water. This has caused serious shortage of fodder; and affected livestock productivity. These challenges have driven communities to prepare fodder to protect livestock against feed shortage; and losses during dry seasons. Cutting grass, crop residues, the ‘cut and carry’ system, ‘emilageni’ – the ‘lagisa’ system; and novel initiatives comprise the main methods of fodder preparation. Water harvested through sand dams helps to grow fodder. Training has improved communities’ skills to make fodder. Recommendations include construction of micro–dams, more sand dams and piping water from the Thuli River to avail water; and start irrigation schemes to grow fodder. Workshops and refresher courses on fodder preparation are encouraged to skill communal subsistence farmers.

Ethnomathematics of Pananrang: A guidance of traditional farming system of the Buginese community

Culture plays an essential role in the emergence and development of mathematics; hence, both are inseparable. Mathematics emerges from the daily activities of a group of people, and although its concepts have been applied traditionally since time immemorial, it has not reached the level of formal usage. One cultural activity involving mathematical concepts is the use of Pananrang in determining the right farming seasons despite not having a formal education. Therefore, this research explores mathematical concepts in Pananrang, which are used as a reference for the Buginese community's farming system. This is qualitative research comprising an ethnographic approach with data collected through literature research and interviews with informants with expertise in Pananrang. The results showed that the community used mathematical concepts, such as multiplication, addition, and modular arithmetic, to determine the proper farming seasons. These outcomes can be socialized and used as a contextual learning resource.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL INSIGHTS, HOTSPOTS CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DRIVING PATHWAYS FOR WHOLE PROCESS MAIZE MECHANIZATION IN NEPAL

Globally, mechanization has been recognized as a key means to increase the agricultural production and modernize the agriculture. Although the use of improved varieties has increased substantively since a decade, the use of land and labor saving technologies specifically mechanization and adoption of improved management practice, has lagged behind in Nepal. Thus, this study explores the current maize production status, past and present developmental effort on mechanization, and provides outlook on the currently available tools, equipment and machines for whole process maize mechanization (an array of available technologies from land preparation to post-harvest operation). Finally, we pointed out the mechanization hindering factors and gaps, and suggested the future driving paths along with potential emerging technologies that can have impact on future maize mechanization of Nepal. Though, there has been increase in the use of machines in Nepalese agriculture mostly in tillage and shelling for maize, yet use of machines is very limited in rest of the operations (for example, harvesting). To succeed the mechanization roadmaps, it is necessary to unify research and development efforts on need based technologies referring agro-ecological, socioeconomic and technical conditions; strengthen extension and credit services for adaptation and investment; formulate or implement quality inspection policy/program effectively; provide constant technical backstopping for institutional and community capacity building; upsurge awareness; establish provincial level mechanization centre and local level mechanization unit immediately; create community or contract farming schemes; promote custom hiring in business model considering the local level need; provide training, education and subsidies to the deserving farmers irrespective of their political attachment; assure timely availability of genuine spare parts and maintenance services; and form public-private partnerships for sustainable agricultural mechanization.

Use of Information Systems (Mobile Phone App) for Enhancing Smallholder Farmers’ Productivity in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications on Food Security

The rapid growth of information systems in the form of mobile phone applications in developing countries resulted in several benefits compared to other choices in relation to costs, environmental exposure, and simplicity of usage. However, smallholder farmers fail to meet the soaring demand for food and other agro commodities in time, and dodging market overflows is an extreme encounter among communal farmers due to a deficiency of information and unacquainted administration. Therefore, the study analyzes the factors influencing the use of information systems for enhancing smallholder production in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study applied a descriptive survey research design. A multi-stage simple random technique was used to collect data from 220 emerging growers using a semi-structured survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The study indicated that most smallholder growers in the mentioned study area use information systems (IS) for their agricultural activities and agribusinesses and have further changed the farming landscape. Interestingly, agricultural productivity has been enhanced, as well as improved the food security status among rural households. Smallholder farmers have experienced problems in using information systems on their farms. Empirical results reveal that socio-economic factors influence the use of mass media for agricultural purposes by smallholder farmers. Therefore, the study recommends the government should embark on educational awareness and training of farmers in using information systems to enhance productivity.

Identification of the feed supplements commonly utilised by communal beef cattle farmers during the dry season at Ga-Matlala, Limpopo province

A survey was carried out to identify the feed supplements commonly utilised by communal beef cattle farmers and investigate knowledge and perception of farmers on the feed supplement during the dry season in Ga-Matlala, whether they assess the feed supplements before feeding to cattle and their perception on how they affect cattle. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 59 cattle farmers from three rural villages (Phofu, Phetole and Madietane) in the Ga-Matlala area using a snowball sampling technique. In the studied area, males outnumbered females, with the majority aged 55 and older. The majority of respondents were cattle owners with 16 years or more of farming experience. Secondary school was the most frequently reported educational background, followed by primary school whereas 20.3% of respondents never attended school. The most common cattle breed owned was Nguni, while Afrikaner was the second most common breed. More than 50% of respondents reported releasing cattle in the morning and returning late to provide them with feed supplements and water. The majority of respondents were using feed supplements during the dry season, and the most feed supplements that were identified in the study areas are lucerne hay and maize stover. Lucerne hay and maize stover were the most commonly used and acceptable supplementary feeds during the dry season. The major reasons for feeding cattle with lucerne hay and maize stover were reported to be weight gain and average weight gain of cattle, respectively. The majority of farmers reported that they do not assess the quality of supplementary feeds especially those who supplement with lucerne hay. However, the remaining percentage of farmers assesses the quality of lucerne hay by checking the moisture content and moulds in the feed supplements. It is thus concluded that there is a need for more knowledge and information on the overall quality of the locally available dry season supplementary feeds for enhancing productivity in communal areas.

Challenges and perception of communal farmers on cattle production in Ga- Matlala, Limpopo Province, South Africa

A survey was carried out to assess challenges and communal farmers' views on cattle production. In Ga-Matlala, 59 community cattle farmers from three rural villages were interviewed (Phofu, Phetole, and Madietane). The majority of responders (49.2%) were from Madietane, with an equal number (25.4%) from Phetole and Phofu (25.4%). In all three villages studied, males outnumbered females, with the majority of responders aged 55 and older. In all selected villages, the majority of respondents were cattle owners with 16 years or more of farming experience. Secondary school was the most frequently reported educational background in Phetole and Phiofu, while primary school was the most frequently reported in Phofu. According to the findings, the most common cattle breed owned in Phetole and Phofu was Nguni, while Afrikaner was the most common in Madietane, and the most common reason for keeping cattle was income in the study areas. The most frequently mentioned challenges in the areas are sickness (Soft hooves/or lumpy skin disease/or red water/or tick-borne disease), stock theft and disease, with Madietane having the highest mortality rate, followed by Phetole and Phofu. The most commonly reported perceived solutions were government assistance in terms of vaccinations/or veterinarians, dumping sites/or fixing water machines/or provide dams/or supplements, feed/or full-time patrollers to protect cattle from being stolen; and the purchase of cattle medicines. The majority of farmers in the selected villages can buy medicines for their cattle, while those who cannot say that the government assists them with vaccinations. As a result, it is concluded that there is a need for more knowledge and information on the subject.

Livestock waste management to improve community knowledge in the cow farming groups

The Wong Cilik Animal Husbandry Group is still struggling with traditional waste treatment, which pollutes the air and soil. The goal of indoctrination is to educate and encourage livestock farmer groups to be proactive in controlling, overcoming, and making decisions regarding cow manure waste. Furthermore, this activity aims to strengthen the Wong Cilik Farm Community Group's capacity to use cow manure through teaching and encouragement. Several experts from the fields of machinery, agriculture, and psychology participated in this activity. Participants were given a pre-test and a post-test before and after socialization. The results of the pre-test and post-test indicated that the activity’s objectives of increasing the community’s knowledge about livestock waste management were met. The community is finally aware that livestock manure can be used to convert the residual biogas waste into manure. Through this socialization, the community learns that cow manure waste can be turned into products with high value.

Local peoples’ knowledge and perceptions of Australian wattle (Acacia) species invasion, ecosystem services and disservices in grassland landscapes, South Africa

ABSTRACT Many alien tree species were introduced into grassland ecosystems in South Africa by the commercial forestry industry for paper and timber for furniture. Over decades some of these introduced species escaped into neighbouring farms and community land. Adult trees from these alien species now provide other ecosystem services, notably fuelwood. Depending on the spatio-temporal context, many of these species can also negatively affect ecosystem services. We collected interview data from commercial and communal farmers in the upper Umzimvubu catchment in South Africa to compare farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of invasive wattle species invasion and their associated ecosystem services and disservices. Fuelwood and fencing poles were the most common uses of wattle by commercial (83%; 67%) and communal (99%; 49%) farmers. On the other hand, the reduction of grass cover and loss of grazing land were the most commonly mentioned negative impacts of wattles by commercial (83%; 75%) and communal (92%; 80%) farmers. Although both groups recognise the importance of wattles in providing ecosystem services, most communal farmers perceived wattles to have more negative effects than benefits. The findings demonstrate that both farmer groups highly depend on ecosystem services and are affected by disservices of wattles. However, while large-scale commercial households favour the presence of wattles in the landscape, communal households prefer complete removal of the wattles from the landscape. This may be due to lack of locally available alternative options or inability to replace or purchase ecosystem services affected by wattles from other sources or markets like commercial farmers.

Communication medium in theileriosis control: the factors that determine disease knowledge among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe

Theileriosis is one of the most important tick-borne diseases that has been affecting farmers and thousands of livestock in Zimbabwe. The main government strategy to combat theileriosis is use of plunge dips with anti-tick chemicals at specified times; however, an increase in number of farmers caused a strain on government services resulting in disease outbreak. One of the key issues that have been highlighted by department of veterinary is the strain in communication and knowledge of the disease with the farmers. Hence, it is important to evaluate the communication between farmers and veterinary services and identify possible areas of strain. A field survey was conducted with 320 farmers in Mhondoro Ngezi, a district badly affected by theileriosis. Face-to-face interviews with smallholders and communal farmers were conducted between September and October 2021, and the data were analyzed using Stata 17. Communal farmers relied mainly on oral communication and had limited knowledge of theileriosis; therefore, dead cattle % was high among them. Though veterinary extension officers were the prime source of information, oral communication medium affected knowledge transferred. The results of this study recommend adoption of communication mediums that encourage retention, such as brochures and posters by veterinary extension services. The government may also partner with private players to ease pressure of increased farming population due to land reform.

Comparative Performance of New Agronomic Technology on the Yield Potential of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Rainfed Agriculture in Guruve District, Zimbabwe

The study was carried out to assess the yield performance of groundnuts grown on ridges and non-ridges by communal farmers of ward 8 in the Guruve district of Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. Interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and observation methods were used for data collection. A sample of 60 respondents was selected from a list of groundnut farmers in the ward. The results showed that 43% of the respondents were growing groundnuts on ridges, while 57% of the respondents were growing groundnuts on non-ridges. No farmers used both farming practices. The results showed that more yield per hectare was obtained by farmers who used ridged farming practices than nonridging techniques. The area planted with groundnuts varied significantly (P<0.001) with the farming practice (ridging and nonridging) and the farming seasons. The rate of adoption of the ridging farming technology was affected by the age of the household head, level of education of the household head, sex, and age of the household head. More females participated in the growing of groundnuts than their male counterparts. In conclusion, groundnut yield was comparatively higher on ridged farming technology than on non-ridging technology; farmers are encouraged to plant groundnuts on ridges to cherish the highest production benefits. However, more training is needed for farmers to take upon new farming technology and regard groundnuts as a cash crop rather than a women's crop as well as to improve the household income.

Implications of the breakdown in the indigenous knowledge system for rangeland management and policy: a case study from the Eastern Cape in South Africa

Communal rangelands in South Africa are generally perceived as overgrazed owing to complexities in their histories and collective utilisation which often leads to improper management. A suitable solution has not been found in land management policies because local people’s contexts and their indigenous knowledge are ignored. Hence, this paper is aimed at (i) assessing the role indigenous knowledge can play in communal rangeland management, (ii) exploring working solutions to incorporate indigenous knowledge into effective communal rangeland management and land use policies, (iii) assessing mechanisms for generational transfer of indigenous knowledge. Findings from the Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) and Focus Group Discussion, conducted with Cata and Guquka villages in the Eastern Cape province were synthesised. This revealed that communal farmers have in-depth knowledge of their communal land, past and present rangeland management strategies and changes in rangeland condition. However, there is breakdown in the indigenous knowledge system whereby this knowledge is not being transferred and translated into good rangeland management practice, owing to the ageing population of communal farmers, limited youth involvement in livestock farming and limited access to extension services. This suggests a need for new policy approaches that would include participation of local people in policy planning and development.

Digitalisation of agriculture in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities

To provide insights on the potential of digitalised agriculture in improving output exploring its challenges among the smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Literature on the application of digital agriculture was gathered. The research from countries with same or similar Zimbabwean agricultural conditions were then selected in this review. Notably, there are disparities in complexity and level of digitalisation between the developing and developing countries. Unlike in the developing countries, digitalised agriculture is more advanced and highly applied in developed countries. In Zimbabwe specifically, application of digitalized agriculture is skewed towards the commercial farmers than the smallholder communal farmers. The application of digital agriculture e-agriculture) has gained momentum world over in recent years but still low in Zimbabwe where it is more common to the highly literate and resource endowed farming communities than poorly resourced farmers. The digital agriculture is a useful modern technology applied in agricultural production systems in enhancing precision application of resources e.g water, fertilizers, pesticides etc increasing the technical efficiency that translates into high farm outputs (both quantity and quality). Machine Learning (ML) which is a subset of Al, developed to handle various challenges faced during the formation of knowledge-based farming systems. Therefore, digitalisation of agriculture ranges from the use of simple offline programmed production systems installed into information and communications technology (ICTs) gadgets to complex algorithms run by computers. In advanced digitalisation, algorithms are applied in different agronomic practices of crops as well as in animal husbandry.

Human-Animal Relations and Livestock Disease Management in Postcolonial Zimbabwe, c.1980 to 2022

Abstract The history of livestock disease management strategies in colonial Zimbabwe has generally revealed uneven and racialised access to conventional veterinary facilities that favoured white- over black-owned livestock. In light of this context, this article examines the human-animal relationships that emerged in post-colonial Zimbabwe when access to such facilities was liberalised in a new era in which communal livestock owners still had broken interrelations with the state. In articulating this, it also explores factors that precluded communal livestock farmers from raising 'healthy' livestock. Using qualitative methods, it discusses how the postcolonial state failed to provide robust state veterinary services, and demonstrates communal farmers' agency amidst loss to epizootics and enzootics. As this study will show, livestock diseases and the challenges they posed significantly impacted on how humans (communal farmers) determined which animals to raise and how to raise them. It concludes that livestock diseases and the human-animal relationships that emerged out of the quandary posed by the former, had a negative impact on state-communal livestock farmer relationships, and promoted the continued relevance of otherwise officially despised livestock knowledge regimes in Zimbabwe's communal areas.

A Cross Sectional Study of Respiratory and Allergy Status in Dairy Workers

ABSTRACT Introduction Workers on dairy farms face exposures to organic dusts and endotoxin. At the same time, a number of studies of farmers have reported a lower prevalence of asthma in farmworkers compared to persons without farm contact. The “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that early life exposures on farms could be protective against allergic disease and asthma. Such protective relationships are less well studied in adult farm workers. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of respiratory function and allergy status was performed in a sample of dairy farm workers (n = 42) and community controls (n = 40). Measures of respiratory status (spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide FeNO, self-reported symptoms) and levels of total and bovine-specific IgE were compared between the groups. Results Prevalence of self-reported asthma and most respiratory symptoms was similar in the two groups, with the exception of increased report of dyspnea among dairy workers. In the dairy workers, level of lung function was not reduced and FeNO was not increased. In unadjusted and adjusted models, dairy work was not associated with reduced lung function or increased airway inflammation. Mean IgE levels did not differ significantly between workers and controls, but elevated bovine-specific IgE was detected only among dairy workers, with an apparent association between elevated bovine IgE and increased FeNO. Conclusion While dairy workers did not demonstrate increased asthma prevalence compared to controls, sensitization to bovine antigen in several workers appeared to be associated with airway inflammation. Occupational health programs for dairy workers should consider the risk of animal allergy as part of respiratory health protection efforts.

Productivity and Efficiency of Community Gardens: Case Studies from the UK

The extensive and burgeoning literature on the productivity of urban farms and gardens is largely focused on measures of crop yield and resource use, with little offered to date on their contribution to social productivity and sustainability. This paper suggests that evaluation of urban agriculture should consider all types of resource consumption and productivity simultaneously. The research reported here used a citizen science approach to collect data from seven community gardens and one community farm in London, UK in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The paper examines the many variables that impact the sites’ overall performance, highlighting the complex nature and relationship between the many benefits and outcomes of urban farms and gardens. Data are presented on crop yield, equivalent fruit and vegetable portions, input use (including water and fertilizer), journeys made to the garden by volunteers, social benefits, and social outreach. Results show very mixed levels of crop and social productivity, depending on the organizational structure and agenda of the various sites included in the study. With no clear pattern emerging, this paper suggests that the evaluation of citywide productivity, often based on projections of small data samples, may not be reliable. By ensuring that training opportunities for volunteers are made available, higher resource efficiency as well as higher productivity could be attained.

Dry season feeding strategies and winter forage production by communal area sheep farmers of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa

Dry season feeding strategies and winter forage production by communal area sheep farmers of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa

DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT IN Escherichia coli FROM THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF BALI CATTLE ON SMALLHOLDER FARM

Escherichia coli originating from animals, humans, and the environment can spread antibiotic-resistant genes and can encourage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a global health problem. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of Escherichia coli which is resistant to several antibiotics from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle on smallholder farms on the island of Lombok. This research is a cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2021 using 8 female Bali cattle that experience reproductive disorders on community farms in Lando Village, East Lombok Regency to collect their reproductive tract fluids using an artificial insemination plastic sheet gun. Reproductive fluid samples are placed on BHIB (Brain Heart Infusion Broth) medium. Escherichia coli cultures were carried out on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) and identified by Gram staining and biochemical tests conducted at the Public Health and Calibration Laboratory, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Antibiotic sensitivity test on isolated Escherichia coli was carried out by disc diffusion method using 5 antibiotics including Penicillin G 10U, Oxytetracycline 30 µg, Gentamicin 10 µg, Tetracycline 30 µg, and Cefotaxime 30 µg. The results showed that 2 (two) 25% Escherichia coli bacteria were successfully cultured on EMBA media and isolated from 8 samples of the reproductive fluids of Bali cattle that were collected. The results of the Escherichia coli sensitivity test to antibiotics found that Escherichia coli samples were 100% resistant to Penicillin G, 100% resistant to Oxytetracycline, 100% resistant to Gentamicin, and 50% resistant to Tetracycline, and 100% resistant to Cefotaxime from 2 isolated Escherichia coli. This explains that Bali cattle in community farms have the potential to spread Escherichia coli which has an impact on the emergence of AMR.