Common Benign Tumor Research Articles

Increased Risk of Breast Fibroadenomas Among Obese and Postmenopausal Women With Uterine Fibroids.

Introduction Uterine fibroids and breast fibroadenomas are common female benign neoplasms that are similarly derived from a single clonal origin and are modulated by estradiol concentration in blood. However, the association between these neoplasms has not yet been explored. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between uterine fibroids and breast fibroadenomas. Methods A total of 199 women (cases: 72 women with uterine fibroids, control: 127 women without uterine fibroids) were included in this study. Ultrasound was used to screen for uterine fibroids, and both ultrasound and biopsy were utilized to diagnose breast fibroadenomas. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between uterine fibroids and breast fibroadenomas and the factors associated with the relationship. Results Women with uterine fibroids have more than two times higher odds of having breast fibroadenomas among older women (p=0.03), more than twofold increased odds of breast fibroadenomas among obese females (p=0.05), and higher odds of having breast fibroadenomas among postmenopausal transition participantgroups (OR=9.6; 95% CI 1.98-30.14; p-value=0.005). Conclusion The association between uterine fibroids and breast fibroadenomas is significantly pronounced among older, obese, and postmenopausal women. This relationship might be driven by the indirect stimulation of estrogen hormone receptors via adipose tissue or other lifestyle as well as genetic factors. Therefore, further larger prospective studies considering these factors are needed to replicate the current findings.

Hepatic Haemangioma: A Diagnostic Dilemma With An Easy Solution.

Hepatic Haemangioma is the most common benign liver tumour. There are two types of haemangiomas: capillary haemangioma and cavernous haemangiomas. The term"giant haemangioma"isreserved for lesionslarger than 5 cm. Given the abundance of vascular structures around the liver, SPECT/CT hybrid imaging with 99mTc labelled Red Blood Cells (RBCs) constitutes an excellent modality for localization and characterization of hepatic haemangiomas.

Pathways of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in the Orchestration of Uterine Fibroids Development.

Uterine fibroids (UF) are common benign tumors in women. The course of UF is associated with troubling symptoms and the development of infertility and pregnancy pathology. Surgical treatment even implies hysterectomy, while pharmacological interventions are modestly effective. Classically, hypoxic metabolism is considered a hallmark of malignant tumor. However, the role of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) is significant in benign tumors as well. Herein, we briefly review the basic biology of HIF-family proteins, outlining their possible roles in UF. Apart from theoretical justifications, we summarized 15 studies reporting increased expression of HIFs and downstream factors in UF samples. Altogether, data suggest that increased expression of the HIF-protein and altered expression of its dependent genes are presumed to be the factors leading to UF development. Thus, even without being a malignant tumor, UF is characterized by the strong involvement of HIF. This novel insight may give rise to further research in the direction of finding new prognostic markers and effective medicines against UF.

Uterine Fibroids: A Podcast on Patient and Physician Perspectives on Medical Management and a New Medical Therapy (Relugolix Combination Therapy).

Uterine fibroids (UF) are common benign tumors in women and are an important health concern in the US and globally. UF can severely compromise a woman's quality of life, thus making it an important health issue. In this podcast, a professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago (Dr. Ayman Al-Hendy) and the CEO of the Fibroid Foundation (Sateria Venable) provide their perspectives on the diagnosis and management of UF, including common treatments (e.g., myomectomy or hysterectomy). They also discuss Relugolix combination therapy for UF, noting who could benefit from this treatment and how it works. Podcast audio available for this article.

Experience of surgical treatment of hemangioma of the spleen. A clinical case

Focal mass lesions of the spleen are considered rare. The mass lesions of the spleen usually include malignant and benign tumors, true, false, and parasitic cysts, abscesses, hematomas, and spleen infarctions. Hemangiomas are considered the most common benign neoplasms. Abscesses or spleen infarctions have severe symptoms, pronounced laboratory test changes, disturb the patient and force him to seek help. In contrast, small benign and sometimes malignant neoplasms are asymptomatic for a long time and often are incidental findings. A 38-year-old patient with splenomegaly was admitted to the thoracic surgery center of the Private healthcare institution, Central Clinical Hospital "RZD-Medicine". Abdominal computed tomography showed an enlarged spleen. The blood tests were within the reference values. Given the large size of the spleen, the need to exclude marginal zone lymphoma, clinical presentation, and the risk of spleen rupture, a splenectomy was performed.

Left atrial myxoma — difficulties in diagnosis, determination of treatment tactics in an older patient: clinical case

BACKGROUND: Myxoma is one of the most common benign neoplasms of the heart. The most characteristic localization is the inter-atrial septum in the region of the oval window. Clinically, myxoma can be represented by obstructive, thromboembolic, non-specific symptoms. However, the absence of pathognomonic signs is the reason for the late diagnosis and treatment.
 CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: A 78-year-old female patient was hospitalized at the department of cardiology for examination, correction of therapy, and determination of indications for diagnostic coronary angiography. During a routine examination, echocardiographic data revealed a formation in the left atrial (LA) cavity. To clarify the diagnosis and determine the treatment strategies, the patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the heart with gadolinium, which verified this formation as an LA myxoma measuring 1012 mm. Considering the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant pathology, and absence of complications of myoxoma (obstructive and thromboembolic), the patient was further observed.
 CONCLUSION: LA myxomas have clinical manifestations; however, quite often, they are accidental findings in echocardiographic studies. Surgical removal of the tumor is currently the main treatment method. The absolute indications for surgical treatment are large tumors and presence of complications (embolic and obstructive). However, in older patients, who, according to imaging methods, have small tumors and concomitant somatic diseases, dynamic follow-up appears suitable to assess the progression of tumor growth and determine the timing of surgical treatment.

Literature Review, Case Presentation and Management of Non-ossifying Fibroma of Right Angle of Mandible: More Than just a Cortical Defect!

Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) of jaw bones are rare. While NOF is the most common benign bone tumor of long bones with pathognomonic radiological features and bear a tendency for self-regression, gnathic NOF appears to be comparatively larger in size and behave more aggressively. A 16 years old female patient reported with painless swelling of the right side of the face of 4 months duration. Radiographic analysis showed a unilocular radiolucent lesion of right angle of the mandible with ill-defined margins, cortical perforation and thinning of inferior border. The lesion was provisionally diagnosed as odontogenic keratocyst/unicystic ameloblastoma and incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological features and immunohistochemical characteristics favored a diagnosis of NOF. The lesion was excised and reconstructed. The excised specimen confirmed the diagnosis. There are no signs of recurrence at 18 months follow-up. NOF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uni-/multilocular radiolucencies of jaws particularly theposterior mandible.

Management of nasal polyps in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

Objectives: Nasal polyps are the commonest intranasal masses. It has a worldwide distribution and significantly reduces the productivity of affected individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better treatment outcomes. The aim of the study were: To study the occurrence, types, associated co-morbidities, and management of polyps in Calabar, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all nasal polyps seen between January 2009 and January 2019. Records of all intranasal masses seen during the period including age, sex, aetiopathological profile, and histopathology results were obtained from the records department, theater, and the wards. Patients who had nasal polyps either had nasal polypectomy with/without antral lavage, or Caldwell Luc operation. Results: One hundred and eighty-two intranasal masses were seen during the study period. One hundred and thirty-four of them (73.625%) were nasal polyps; 62.6% were inflammatory polyps, 14.7% had chronic rhinitis, 9.7% inverted papilloma, and 2.24% squamous cell carcinoma. About 31.3% of the polyps were right-sided, 31.3% bilateral, 26.9% left-sided, and 10.44% antrochoanal polyps. About 97% of the patients presented with nasal blockage, 53.23% with rhinorrhoea, 41.79% signs of anosmia, and 29.85% sneezing. Comorbidities seen include diabetes mellitus 1.6%, hypertension 4.5%, allergy 70%, and asthma 25%.Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy found and inverted papilloma was the most common benign tumor present. Conclusion: Nasal polyps occur globally. They are the most common intranasal masses. They seem to occur more in males and occurrence increases with age. Not all nasal polyps turn out as polyps histologically as this study shows; we had chronic rhinitis, inverted papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas, etc. The comorbidities found were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, allergy, and asthma. Diabetes and hypertension may have been incidental but the number of patients with asthma and allergy shows a definite link between these two and allergy. Treatment for nasal polyps may be medical or surgical and the best form of surgery is endoscopic sinus surgery. However, financial constraints could prevent patients access to FESS.

Application of split pancreatic duct stent in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a classic surgical method for diseases, such as tumors at the lower end of the common bile duct, pancreatic head, and benign and malignant tumors of the duodenum. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most serious complications of LPD. To reduce the incidence of grade B or C POPF and other complications after LPD, we applied a split pancreatic duct stent combined with the characteristics of internal and external stent drainage. Between September 2020 and September 2022,12 patients underwent placement of the Split pancreatic duct stent during LPD. Data on basic characteristics of patients, surgical related indicators and postoperative POPF incidence were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the average operation time was 294.2 ± 36 minutes, average time for pancreaticojejunostomy was 35.9 ± 4.1 minutes, and average estimated blood loss was 204.2 ± 58.2 mL. Biochemical leakage occurred in 2 patients (16.7%), whereas no grade B or C POPF, 1 case (8.3%) had postoperative bleeding, and no death occurred within 30 days after the operation. Preliminary experience shows that the split pancreatic duct stent can effectively reduce the incidence of complications after LPD, especially grade B or C POPF.

Historical Control Background Incidence of Spontaneous Neoplastic Lesions of Sprague-Dawley Rats in 104-Week Toxicity Studies.

Data collected from approximately 1800 male and 1800 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats used in 104-week carcinogenicity studies were archived in a historical control database at Labcorp Early Development, Inc, and the neoplastic microscopic observation data from these rats were retrospectively evaluated. Historical control data can provide useful information on the range and incidence of spontaneously occurring background neoplasms in the species and strain of the test animal used in different types of toxicity studies, including studies of differing lengths, delivery of test article, and test animal. Some of the most common malignant findings noted included fibrosarcoma of skin/subcutis and thyroid C-cell carcinoma in males (2.1% each) while mammary gland carcinoma and pituitary carcinoma (25% and 2.6%) were most common in females. Pituitary adenoma of pars distalis was found to be the most prevalent benign neoplasm in both males and females (56.4% and 77.1%). Fibroadenoma of mammary gland (35.6%) and thyroid C-cell adenoma (8.5%) were the second and third most common benign tumors in female SD rats. In males, the thyroid C-cell adenoma (10.9%) and benign pheochromocytoma (8.9%) were the second and third most common tumors.

Basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: a single center experience.

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA) are among the most common benign neoplasms of the salivary glands. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence rate of these two different types of parotid benign tumors. A retrospective analysis of all cases of parotid gland BCA and PA surgically treated between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2019, was performed at our university. A total of 349 patients were enrolled in the present study, 311 of which (89.1%) were affected by PA, and 38 patients (10.9%) by BCA. The most frequently performed surgery was partial parotidectomy for both groups (85.9% in PA and 65.8% in BCA). Perioperative complications - often transient and of short duration - occurred within 48 hours of surgery and were observed in 30.6% of PA patients and in 18.4% of BCA patients; furthermore, recurrences were noticed in 19 PA patients (6.2%) and in 3 BCA patients (7.9%) (rates in range with the available literature data). To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the largest single-center series in the literature comparing diagnosis, treatment, recurrence rate and clinical-pathological features of two different types of benign parotid gland tumors, BCA, and PA.

Updates on the Surgical Approach to Fibroids: The Importance of Radiofrequency Ablation.

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of the female pelvis and have a lifetime prevalence exceeding 80% among African American women and approaching 70% among Caucasian women. Approximately 50% of women with fibroids experience symptoms which can range from heavy menstrual bleeding and bulk-related symptoms such as pelvic pressure with bladder and bowel dysfunction to reproductive dysfunction (e.g., infertility or obstetric complications) and pain. The choice of treatment is primarily guided by the type of symptoms in the individual patient and whether they prefer to retain fertility. While hysterectomy provides definitive resolution of fibroid symptoms and remains the most common treatment option, this procedure is invasive with a long recovery window. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is now emerging as a uterine preserving and minimally invasive therapy for symptomatic fibroids. Since its introduction, growing evidence for safety and efficacy of RFA has been generated with low rates of complications. This review will discuss RFA for the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids with a special focus on technical approaches, short- and long-term outcomes including fertility outcomes.

DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU ARISING WITHIN BREAST FIBROADENOMA: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor in women under 30. However, carcinoma arising in a fibroadenoma is unusual and very rare, with over 100 cases reported in the literature. Histological diagnosis is usually incidental. We report the case of a 51-year-old perimenopausal patient with a family history of a mother who died of breast cancer. She was admitted with a hard elastic mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous nodule with ductal dilatation. A core needle biopsy with four specimens showed a fibroepithelial tumor with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Left breast-conserving surgery was performed for radical treatment. The diagnosis on the specimen was carcinoma in situ of intermediate nuclear grade and massive compact and cribriform type developed on a fibroadenoma. We present this case to raise awareness of this entity and highlight the need for histological evaluation of specific breast masses.

Infantile Haemangioma in the Romanian Paediatric Population-Characteristics and Therapeutic Approaches.

Infantile haemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumour in childhood, with an incidence of 4% to 12%. Aim: to describe the characteristics of infantile haemangioma in a sample of Romanian children <2 years old at diagnosis, types of treatment applied, recorded complications and the response to the therapeutic approach. A two-year prospective case series study (August 2019 to August 2021) was carried out. Sample: 117 patients <24 months of age diagnosed with IH at the Emergency Hospital for Children "Marie Sklodowska Curie", in Bucharest, Romania. Five therapeutic approaches were used: oral treatment with propranolol, local treatment with timolol, surgical treatment, topical treatment with steroids and no treatment ("wait and see"). Recorded factors mentioned in the literature were also present in this study population: female patients-68.4%; phototype I-58%. In 53% of cases, IHs had a head and neck location and 10% developed local complications (traumatic bleeding). The majority of patients (86%) required one type of therapy: oral propranolol (51%). A low relapse rate was recorded (4%). We consider that any child with a vascular anomaly should be referred to a highly specialised medical service for therapeutic approach.

Epidermal inclusion cyst in the penis of a young male

Background: An epidermal cyst is a common benign tumor occurring in any part of the body but it rarely occurs in the penis. This case report highlights the management of a penile epidermal inclusion cyst. Case report: A young man presented with a lesion he noticed about a month after circumcision. The lesion was at the side of the frenulum and was painless. The lesion increased in size and had to be excised with a rim of normal tissue. The wound healed unremarkably and histology revealed an epidermal inclusion cyst. Discussion: Epidermal inclusion cysts can be congenital and may also occur following surgery. Circumcision is a good trigger for the development of an epidermal cyst on this occasion. This condition is rare, so other differentials should be ruled out. Conclusion: An epidermal inclusion cyst of the penis is rare. Before this diagnosis is made other more common differentials should be ruled out

Genetic liability to multiple factors and uterine leiomyoma risk: a Mendelian randomization study.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in females of reproductive age. However, its causes have never been fully understood. The objective of our study was to analyze the causal association between various factors and uterine leiomyoma using Mendelian randomization (MR). Genetic variables associated with risk factors were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistical data for uterine leiomyoma were obtained from FinnGen and the UK Biobank (UKB) consortium. We used inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods in univariate analysis. Multivariable MR analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. A fixed-effect model meta-analysis was used to combine the results of the FinnGen and UKB data. In the FinnGen data, higher genetically predicted age at natural menopause, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting insulin were associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyoma, while higher age at menarche was associated with a reduced risk of uterine leiomyoma. Multivariable MR analysis of SBP and DBP showed that higher DBP might be an independent risk factor of uterine leiomyoma. In the UKB data, the results for age at natural menopause, SBP, DBP, and age at menarche were replicated. The result of the meta-analysis suggested that uterine leiomyoma could also be affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and 2-hour glucose level. Our MR study confirmed that earlier menstrual age, hypertension, obesity, and elevated 2-hour glucose post-challenge were risk factors for uterine leiomyoma, and the causal relationship between smoking and uterine leiomyoma was ruled out. In addition, later age of menopause and endometriosis were found to increase the risk of uterine leiomyoma, while PCOS was found to decrease the risk.

Surgical management of a large palatal pleomorphic adenoma by intra oral route: a difficult case

Despite being the most common benign tumor of salivary glands, pleomorphic adenoma in hard palate is a rare site. Such tumors are a challenge to remove surgically. These tumors usually require an extensive resection with wide margins and removal of surrounding mucoperiosteum. There is also usually requirement of removal of a number of teeth or portion of maxilla, especially if the size is huge. The resulting disfigurement can be a problem for young females. We present a case of successful treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate in a 15-year old female patient, which was achieved through an enbloc removal technique with clear margins, without the need for partial maxillectomy or bone removal. This approach played a pivotal role in preventing any potential disfigurement and preserving the aesthetic appearance of the patient. The personalized approach towards patient care was instrumental in tailoring the surgical strategy to meet the specific needs of the individual.

Effect of uterine artery embolization on fertility preservation in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus. Most often they are asymptomatic, but in their course there may be ailments such as: abnormal bleeding, anaemia, pain, constipation, problems with urination. These tumors are also one of the many causes of infertility. They are most often detected during a standard ultrasound examination. Pharmacological, minimally invasive and surgical treatment is currently available.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of our study was to review scientific articles in order to demonstrate whether the treatment of uterine fibroids with uterine artery embolization has an impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Review of the latest PubMed literature, Google Scholar in the period 2017 - 2023 and evaluation of available randomized controlled trials using uterine artery embolization in terms of fertility preservation by assessing ovarian reserve, number of pregnancies, miscarriages and perinatal complications.&#x0D; Conclusions: Uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective method in reducing symptoms associated with uterine fibroids. This procedure shortens hospitalization and recovery time compared to myomectomy or hysterectomy. Unfortunately, for women who want children, this method is not recommended due to the risk of reduced ovarian reserve and miscarriage, premature birth, placental abnormality, and severe postpartum hemorrhage.&#x0D;

A Review of the Current Literature on Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are the most common benign salivary gland tumors. They arise from the major salivary glands, as well as the minor salivary glands. They may arise rarely from the palate, oral cavity, neck, and nasal cavityalso. Yet, the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life are the most common for them to manifest. Forty percent of them occurin males and 60% in females.It is a benign mixed tumor, whichhas three components: an epithelial component, a myoepithelial cell component, and a mesenchymal component.A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. Itgenerally presents as a slowly progressingpainlessswelling, which is well-delineated, nonsymptomatic, and not involving the facial nerve. Salivary gland tumors can be accurately diagnosed before surgery using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) scan. Calponin, cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Mcl-2, metastasis suppressor gene (NM23), p63, S-100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) exhibit the majority of the positive reactions in pleomorphic adenomas. The diagnostic marker pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is frequently employed since it is specific for pleomorphic adenoma.Although benign, these epithelial tumors have a propensity to recur and undergo malignant transformation if incompletely excised, leading to increased morbidity in these patients. A review of the consensus guidelines and literature was conducted, and the online literature on the subject from 2002wasincluded. This article is not a complete review of all the available literature; rather, it is a comprehensive review of the topic.

PEGylated Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with 2-Methoxyestradiol for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model

Leiomyomas, the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract, currently have limited medical treatment options. Drugs targeting estrogen/progesterone signaling are used, but side effects and limited efficacy in many cases are major limitation of their clinical use. Previous studies from our laboratory and others demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is promising treatment for uterine fibroids. However, its poor bioavailability and rapid degradation hinder its development for clinical use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo effect of biodegradable and biocompatible 2-ME-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a patient-derived leiomyoma xenograft mouse model. PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with 2-ME were prepared by nanoprecipitation. Female 6-week age immunodeficient NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull) mice were used. Estrogen-progesterone pellets were implanted subcutaneously. Five days later, patient-derived human fibroid tumors were xenografted bilaterally subcutaneously. Engrafted mice were treated with 2-ME-loaded or blank (control) PEGylated nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and after 28 days of treatment, tumor volume was measured by caliper following hair removal, and tumors were removed and weighed. Up to 99.1% encapsulation efficiency was achieved, and the in vitro release profile showed minimal burst release, thus confirming the high encapsulation efficiency. In vivo administration of the 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles led to 51% growth inhibition of xenografted tumors compared to controls (P < 0.01). Thus, 2-ME-loaded nanoparticles may represent a novel approach for the treatment of uterine fibroids.