Common Type Of Error Research Articles

1016: IMPACT OF PROSPECTIVE PHARMACIST REVIEW DURING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TO FLOOR TRANSFER

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that almost half of ICU to floor transfers resulted in at least one medication related error. To our knowledge, prospective pharmacist review within 24 hours of ICU to floor transfer has not been evaluated as an intervention to decrease the risk of medication related errors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of prospective pharmacist review following ICU to floor transfer. Methods: This was a two-phase pilot study conducted at Temple University Hospital. The first phase was a prospective medication profile review within 24h of ICU to floor transfer. Phase two was a retrospective analysis evaluating ICU readmission within 7 days. Patients being transferred between 12/11/2021 and 03/04/2022 were included if they met the following criteria: age > 18 years of age, ICU length of stay > 48 hours, and transferred from an ICU to a medical/surgical ward. Secondary endpoints included: types of errors, medication classes involved, cost avoidance, and ICU readmission within 7 days of transfer. Severity of errors were classified by the Overhage and Lukes scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: During the 51-day study period, 107 patients were included. Twenty-three patients had a SOFA score > 6 and most patients were transferred from the medical respiratory ICU (n=36). The total number of medication errors identified was 188. There were no Grade A errors and the most common error severity was Grade C (n=33) and E (n=34). The most common type of error was ‘appropriate therapy’ with ‘No indication’ as the most common type of inappropriate therapy. The total cost avoidance was $35,588 over 51 days and the mean time spent per patient was 30 minutes. One patient was readmitted to the ICU within 7 days. Conclusions: Although most errors were Grade C or E, if not caught early, may have resulted in a more severe error. By providing this clinical service at our institution, we estimate an annual cost avoidance of over $250,000 per year. Given our patient population had a lower severity of illness, this value may be higher in a more severely ill population. This study is hypothesis generating, but could justify a full-time clinical pharmacist with a focus on ICU transitions of care.

Your clinical pharmacist can save your life, the impact of pharmacist's intervention.

Patient safety and adverse event analysis are of paramount importance in the management of patient medication, given the significant economic burden they place on a country's healthcare system. Medication errors fall into the category of preventable adverse drug therapy events and are therefore of key importance from a patient safety perspective. Our study aims to identify the types of medication errors associated with the medication dispensing process and to determine whether automated individual medication dispensing with pharmacist intervention significantly reduces medication errors, thereby increasing patient safety, compared to traditional, ward base medication dispensing (by a nurse). A prospective, quantitative, double-blind point prevalence study was conducted in three inpatient internal medicine wards of Komló Hospital in February 2018 and 2020. We analyzed data from comparisons of prescribed and non-prescribed oral medications in 83 and 90 patients per year aged 18 years or older with different diagnoses treated for internal medicine on the same day and in the same ward. In the 2018 cohort, medication was traditionally dispensed by a ward nurse, while in the 2020 cohort, it used automated individual medication dispensing with pharmacist intervention. Transdermally administered, parenteral and patient-introduced preparations were excluded from our study. We identified the most common types of errors associated with drug dispensing. The overall error rate in the 2020 cohort was significantly lower (0.9%) than in the 2018 cohort (18.1%) (p < 0.05). Medication errors were observed in 51% of patients in the 2018 cohort, i.e. 42 patients, of which 23 had multiple errors simultaneously. In contrast, in the 2020 cohort, a medication error occurred in 2%, i.e. 2 patients (p < 0.05). When evaluating the potential clinical consequences of medication errors, in the 2018 cohort, the proportion of potentially significant errors was 76.2% and potentially serious errors 21.4%, whereas in the 2020 cohort, only three medication errors were identified in the potentially significant category due to pharmacist intervention, which was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Polypharmacy was detected in 42.2% of patients in the first study and in 12.2% (p < 0.05) in the second study. Automated individual medication dispensing with pharmacist intervention is a suitable method to increase the safety of hospital medication, reduce medication errors, and thus improve patient safety.

Medication errors and associated factors as perceived by nurses working at the national referral hospital in Bhutan

Introduction: A common patient safety issue is medication error and this has remained a serious problem in hospital settings. Medication error occurs at any point of medication process: prescription, transcription, dispensing, and administration. Administration error is the most common type of error occurring among nurses; although nurses play a vital role in preventing harms of prescription and dispensing errors from reaching the patient. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing medication errors and associated factors as perceived by nurses. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Bhutan and 225 nurses participated through self-reported questionnaire. Data were double entered and validated in Epidata and analyzed using descriptive commands of statistical software STATA. Results: Among total participants of N = 225, 62.7% reported to have experienced medication error in past six months. Common type of error experienced were omission of dose; wrong time; wrong dose, and administering drugs without physician’s order. Nurses in intensive care units and those caring for pediatric patients reported experiencing more errors. The perceived factors were look-alike drugs, many patients with similar medicines, more medicines to single patient, and oral instructions and acronyms in prescription. Conclusions: The nurses reported to have experienced quite a high rate of medication error. The results may be used by relevant stakeholders in preventing and reducing medication errors, the biggest challenge of patient safety in hospital settings.

Real-World Experience of Monitoring Practice of Endocrinopathies Associated with the Use of Novel Targeted Therapies among Patients with Solid Tumors.

Cancer treatments have gradually evolved into targeted molecular therapies characterized by a unique mechanism of action instead of non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, they have unique safety concerns. For instance, endocrinopathies, which are defined as unfavorable metabolic alterations including thyroid disorders, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and adrenal insufficiency necessitate additional monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of monitoring errors and develop strategies for monitoring cancer patients who receive targeted therapies. A retrospective chart review was used to assess the prevalence of monitoring errors of endocrinopathies among cancer patients who received targeted therapies over one year. All of the adult cancer patients diagnosed with a solid tumor who received targeted therapies were included. The primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of monitoring errors of endocrinopathies. The secondary outcomes were to assess the incidences of endocrinopathies and referral practice to endocrinology services. A total of 128 adult patients with solid tumors were involved. The primary outcome revealed a total of 148 monitoring errors of endocrinopathies. Monitoring errors of the lipid profile and thyroid functions were the most common error types in 94% and 92.6% of the patients treated with novel targeted therapies, respectively. Subsequently, 57% of the monitoring errors in the blood glucose measures were identified. Targeted therapies caused 63 events of endocrinopathies, hyperglycemia in 32% of the patients, thyroid disorders in 15.6% of them and dyslipidemia in 1.5% of the patients. Our study showed a high prevalence of monitoring errors among the cancer patients who received targeted therapies which led to endocrinopathies. It emphasizes the importance of adhering to monitoring strategies and following up on the appropriate referral process.

Mechanisms of NO-Mediated Protein S-Nitrosylation in the Lens-Induced Myopia

Myopia is a chronic ocular disease, emerging as the most common type of refractive error. This study intends to preliminarily explore the roles of protein S-nitrosylation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of myopia by detecting the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and downstream S-nitrosylation, using the animal model of lens-induced myopia (LIM) in mice. The 3-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups: group I, lens-induced 0-week group (take eyeballs at the age of 3 weeks); group II, self-control eyes of experimental group (take eyeballs at the age of 7 weeks); and group III, lens-induced 4-week group (take eyeballs at the age of 7 weeks). The diopter and axial length of each group were measured by streak retinoscopes and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after model establishment. The protein expressions and locations of nNOS and S-nitrosylated proteins (PSNOs) were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Site-specific proteomic for protein S-nitrolysation was used to detect the existence and location of S-nitrosylation proteins in the retina of myopic and nonmyopic mice. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and motif enrichment analyses were performed. The differential sites were analyzed by GO, KEGG, and motif. Irreversible biotinylation procedure combined with protein purification and western blot was used to detect the protein expression of α-enolase (ENO1), a key player in the hypoxia-related signal pathway. The expressions of nNOS and PSNOs were significantly lower in the retina of experimental eyes than that in self-control eyes and 3-week-old baseline group. A total of 595 S-nitrosylated proteins, 709 S-nitrosylated peptides, and 708 S-nitrosylated sites were identified by site-specific S-nitrolysation proteomics in the retina of myopic and control eyes. A total of 19 differentiation loci were screened, of which 13 sites were downregulated and 6 sites were upregulated in experimental eyes compared with the self-control group. Specifically, the expression of SNO-ENO1 was significantly lower in the retina of experimental eyes than that in self-control eyes and 3-week-old baseline group. LIM induces the decrease of nNOS and PSNO protein levels in the retina of myopic mice. NO-mediated nonclassical protein S-nitrosylation modification may play an important role in the regulation of lens-induced myopia. ENO1 may be a key factor in the regulation of S-nitrosylation modification of myopia.

THE ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERROR MADE BY THE STUDENTS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT (A CASE STUDY OF SMA NEGERI 1 PEUSANGAN)

The research of an analysis of grammatical error made by the students in writing recount text has beendone at SMAN 1 Peusangan. It was begun from October 2 2020 until October 3 2020. The problem ofthis research is; What are the most common types of grammatical errors made by the students in writingrecount text. Based on the research problem, there is one purpose of the research, namely; to find outthe most common types of grammatical errors made by students in writing recount text. The scope ofthis research focused on the grammatical errors made by 1st grade students of SMAN 1 Peusangan inwriting recount text. This research is designed as qualitative research using ‘test’ as the instrument ofthe research, the data is then analyzed with three steps of procedure, namely: data reduction, datadisplay, and data verification/conclusion drawing. The results of the research on the grammatical errorsmade by 1st grade students of SMAN 1 Peusangan in writing recount text showed that, capitalization wasthe most frequent error made by the 1st grade students of SMAN 1 Peusangan with the percentage of19%, meanwhile run-on sentence was the least frequent error made by the students with the percentageof 0%. Cause of error in intralingual error contributed up to 55% or 165 errors, followed by interferenceerror which contributed up to 35% or 107 errors, and the last is developmental error that contributed upto 10% or 30 errors. Based on the results of research, it was concluded that the 1st grade students of SMAN1 Peusangan often avoid the systematic of writing without capitalize several types of word like name ofplace, country, people and also the first letter of a new sentence. Conclusion was stated based on theresult that showed capitalization had the biggest contributions on students’ grammatical errors.Key Words: Grammatical Error, Recount Text

Standard Errors in Jumlah Ismīyah Phrases: Analysis of Arabic Thesis on Indonesian Undergraduate Students | Al-Akhthā Al-Syāi’ah fī Tarkīb Al-Jumlah Al-Ismīyah: Tahlīl fī Al-Buhūts Al-I’lmīyah Al-‘Arābīyah lil-Thullāb bi-Indūnīsīyā

In learning Arabic, students often make language errors influenced by their first language interference in learning the target language. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze language errors to minimize students' language errors and to know the material that needs in-depth study. This research talks about the common errors in the nominal sentence structure in scientific research. This research aims to know the types of common linguistic errors in the formation of sentence structure patterns in nominal sentence among students of the Arabic Language Education Department. The research method used is library research, meaning that the data collection derives from a summary of scientific research, and the technique used to analyze data is error analysis. The research results show that the common mistakes in sentence structure patterns were found in several student thesis abstracts, including the suitability of mubtada+khabar in its type, the interference of mother tongue in learning the target language, and the specificity of mubtada'. The results of this study serve as reflection and reference for teachers to explain the jumlah ismiyah material.

Refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology clinic of a teaching institute in South India

To assess the prevalence of various refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology out patient department of a tertiary hospital. 173 children with defective vision were assessed for refractive errors during June 2021- June 2022. Females accounted for the majority of children (61.6%). Most common type of refractive error was myopia (52%) followed by hyperopia (27.2%) and the least common was astigmatism(20.8%). Myopic astigmatism was the most common variety in cases of astigmatic cases(72.2%). The frequency of myopia increased with increasing age of children. This association was found to be statistically significant (p&amp;#60;0.01%). Mean refractive error was -1.047D. The SD was -2.57D. Low myopia was the most common (38.1%) with females being the majority of these cases (24.2%). Myopia had highest parental association among refractive errors (57.4%). Refractive errors when uncorrected can lead to amblyopia and strabismus and hence school based and community based screening is necessary to get a real estimate of the burden of uncorrected refractive errors.

Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXIII: The Culture of Safety in High Reliability Organizations.

A safety culture encourages the reporting of mistakes so that all can learn from them and remedy underlying system problems. However, errors will only be reported in a culture in which most types of common human errors are not punished because all humans make errors, and usually there are underlying system problems contributing to this. All healthcare errors must be viewed partly as opportunities to improve. A safety culture includes good leadership, communication, learning, collaboration, mindfulness, medicine that is based on evidence and best practice, and care that is centered on the patient.

Amblyopia among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Amblyopia is defined as a reduction in visual acuity unilaterally or bilaterally without any detectable cause. It is a major public health issue in developing and underdeveloped countries. Its prevalence is usually underestimated because of proper study and lack of awareness. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of amblyopia among patients attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care centre. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients visiting a tertiary care centre in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology between 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (Registration number: 407/2020 P). All patients had gone through a comprehensive eye examination. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 99% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 82972 patients, prevalence of amblyopia was 344 (0.41%) (0.37-0.46, 99% Confidence Interval). Amblyopia was more common in anisometropia 263 (63.50%). A total of 117 (34%) patients had no history of eye examination and were newly diagnosed with amblyopia. Astigmatism was the most common type of refractive error among 224 (56.70%) amblyopic patients. The prevalence of amblyopia was found to be lower than in previous studies conducted in similar settings. Early detection and diagnosis of amblyopia can help to design more effective plans and treatments to reduce amblyopia through optical correction and amblyopia therapy. amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; refractive errors.

FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA): INSTANT ERROR AND CONDITION MONITORING IN MANUFACTURING

Bu çalışmada, Endüstriyel mutfak ürünleri imal eden ve ürün gamında yüzlerce ana ürün ve binlerce yarı mamul bulunan bir firmanın talaşlı imalat atölyesinde Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Atölyede bulunan, 12 adet makinaya yerleştirilen Programlanabilir Mantık Denetleyici (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) kartlar ile anlık makinanın durumu, ürün ve üretim izlenmiştir. Makinelere yerleştirilen PLC kartları yardımıyla veriler merkezi bilgisayara kaydedilmiş olup, makinanın çalışmasıyla ilgili sağlıklı veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, Makineye yerleştirilen kartlardan alınan veriler ile makinelerin çalışma durumları, kapasite kullanım süreleri, makinelerin çalışma süreleri, sadece yatay torna makinelerine ait parça sıkılmış durumda bekleme süreleri, boşta bekleme süreleri, çalışma süreleri ve duruş süreleri elde edilmiştir. Operatörlere bağlı kalmadan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda işletmede HTEA yöntemi uygulanmış olup, en çok karşılaşılan hata türleri belirlenerek 100’den büyük RÖS değerine sahip olanlar için önleyici ve düzeltici faaliyetler belirlenmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca ana çalışmaya ek olarak talaşlı imalat firmalarının katlandığı en büyük maliyet kalemi olan kesici uç takımı maliyetleri de analiz edilmiş olup, HTEA uygulamasının yapılmadığı Ocak 2021 ile uygulamanın yapıldığı Şubat 2021 ve Mart 2021 üretim maliyetleri karşılaştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.

Error Analysis in Translation Pedagogy (A Study of EFL Students at Al-Saeed University)

Students who are studying translation face challenges and unique problems when they translate texts from Arabic into English and vice versa. Therefore, a study of translation errors is needed to investigate the most common types of translation errors that affect the process of translating from Arabic into English, and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to examine the translation errors of fourth year students in the Bachelor of Arts program in translation studies at Al-Saeed University (SU) in Yemen. During SU’s academic year 2021-2022, data was collected in order to determine the extent to which the formal training of students contributes to the errors they make during the translation process. This study argues that the problems encountered by translators can be overcome or minimised if factors such as literary genre, gender, and directionality in the process of translation are considered. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the directionality of the translation (i.e., Arabic to English, and vice versa) and errors. The outcomes of this study will be used to improve translation courses and graduate translation competency in Yemen. This study recommends that teaching materials should be updated, and that all translation sub-competencies be assessed.

Investigation of Mental and Physical Health of Nurses Associated with Errors in Clinical Practice.

Background: Errors are common among all healthcare settings. The safety of patients is linked directly with nursing errors because nurses stand by them more often than any other healthcare professional. The role of mental and physical health of nurses is of great interest for a good and efficient job performance, but also for maintaining good patient care delivery. This study aimed to investigate the association between nurses’ general health and making errors during clinical practice. Methods: A total of 364 nurses completed a specially designed questionnaire anonymously and voluntarily. The sample consisted of nurses with all educational degrees. The questionnaire included demographic data and questions about general health issues, resilience status and nurses’ possible experience with errors within a hospital. Results: 65,8% of the participants stated that at least one error had happened at their workplace, and 49,4% of them reported that the error was caused by them. Somatic symptoms were found to have a positive correlation with making errors (p < 0.001). However, the other aspects of general health, which were anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression, had no statistical significance with adverse events. The most common type of error reported (65,5%) was a medication adverse event. Resilience level was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001) when correlated with all aspects of general health (anxiety/insomnia, severe depression, somatic symptoms), but not with social dysfunction. Conclusion: Nurses are affected by their somatic symptoms in their daily clinical practice, making them vulnerable to making errors that compromise patient safety. A high resilience level could help them cope with unfavorable situations and prevent them from doing harm to a patient or themselves.

Medication administration errors made among undergraduate nursing students: A need for change in teaching methods.

Systems factors, such as interruptions, contribute to nursing errors. Gaining an understanding of what contributes to nursing student errors can inform educational strategies aimed to improve patient safety. The aims of this study were to investigate: (a) within-subjects differences in error rates among nursing students during interrupted compared to uninterrupted simulated medication administration, (b) types of medication administration errors made by nursing students, and (c) nursing students' perceptions of their ability to independently administer medication. A descriptive comparative within-subjects design was utilized in this two-site study. Data on errors were collected via direct observation. Senior baccalaureate nursing student participants discussed their experience of interrupted and uninterrupted simulated medication administration during individual debriefing sessions. Nearly one-third of participants made errors. Error rates were similar in interrupted (19.4%) and uninterrupted (16.7%) conditions. Near-misses, which were not included in the error rates, were reported by 8% of participants. The most common error types were documentation and dose errors. Students attributed the interruption and lack of independent medication administration practice as causes for errors. Educational programs must adequately prepare nursing students for independent safe medication administration in complex work environments. The inclusion of systems factors in educational modalities is critical.

The Reduction in Medical Errors on Implementing an Intensive Care Information System in a Setting Where a Hospital Electronic Medical Record System is Already in Use: Retrospective Analysis

BackgroundAlthough the various advantages of clinical information systems in intensive care units (ICUs), such as intensive care information systems (ICISs), have been reported, their role in preventing medical errors remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the changes in the incidence and type of errors in the ICU before and after ICIS implementation in a setting where a hospital electronic medical record system is already in use.MethodsAn ICIS was introduced to the general ICU of a university hospital. After a step-by-step implementation lasting 3 months, the ICIS was used for all patients starting from April 2019. We performed a retrospective analysis of the errors in the ICU during the 6-month period before and after ICIS implementation by using data from an incident reporting system, and the number, incidence rate, type, and patient outcome level of errors were determined.ResultsFrom April 2018 to September 2018, 755 patients were admitted to the ICU, and 719 patients were admitted from April 2019 to September 2019. The number of errors was 153 in the 2018 study period and 71 in the 2019 study period. The error incidence rates in 2018 and 2019 were 54.1 (95% CI 45.9-63.4) and 27.3 (95% CI 21.3-34.4) events per 1000 patient-days, respectively (P<.001). During both periods, there were no significant changes in the composition of the types of errors (P=.16), and the most common type of error was medication error.ConclusionsICIS implementation was temporally associated with a 50% reduction in the number and incidence rate of errors in the ICU. Although the most common type of error was medication error in both study periods, ICIS implementation significantly reduced the number and incidence rate of medication errors.Trial RegistrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000041471; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000047345

Effect of atropine 0.01% on progression of myopia.

Myopia is the most common type of refractive error and the leading cause of functional visual loss. Increased risk of myopic maculopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma and cataract has been seen with a myopia of as low as -1D. This study was done to determine the effect of atropine 0.01% eye drops on the progression of myopia in children >5 years. This was a single-blind, prospective, randomized case-control study which included children of 5-15 years with myopia of >2D and were divided into treatment group (group 1) and placebo group (group 2). Children under treatment group were treated with application of 0.01% atropine at night. Children with history of any ocular surgery, chronic ophthalmic illness, squint and amblyopia were excluded from the study. The follow-up for myopia progression was done for two years. This study showed a significant difference in increase of spherical equivalent and axial length among treatment and placebo groups after a duration of two years. Total duration of follow up was twenty-four months. Mean increase in axial length of group 1 and 2 was 0.115 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively. Mean increase in refraction of groups 1 and 2 was -0.30 D and -0.88 D, respectively, showing significant change in axial length and refraction (P < 0.0001). This study supports the use of atropine 0.01% eye drops in reducing the progression of myopia.

생식세포분열 문제해결과정에서 나타나는 과학고와 일반고 학생의 개념과 표상의 오류

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze error types in the connection between concepts and representations used by high school students in solving the meiosis problem, and to analyze the difference in the frequency of error types between science high school and general high school students. Methods The subjects were 75 science high school and 93 general high school, a total of 168 students. The connection between concepts and representations used by students in solving the meiosis problem was analyzed. First, errors in each stage of meiosis were classified by Masnick &amp; Klahr(2003), and then error types were analyzed in terms of the connection between concepts and representations by Kang, Lee, &amp; Noh(2008). Results As a result of the study, error types in the connection of concepts and representations that appeared in solving the meiosis problem could be divided into 10 types. As a result of analyzing the frequency of error types, it was confirmed that the level of understanding of meiosis was not relatively high because each study subject had an average of 2.3 error types. The most common types of connection errors between concepts and representations were ‘failing to connect’, ‘impossible connection’, and ‘insufficient connection’. The error types of science high school and general high school students showed a significant difference only in ‘impossible connection’, but there was no significant difference in the other types. Conclusions Through the causes and solutions of connection errors between concepts and representations, it will be possible to help students prevent errors in genetic learning as well as in meiosis learning. In addition, it is expected that the wrong use of representations will be prevented, and students' connection errors will be reduced and used in learning strategies to improve the understanding of scientific concepts.

How does Newman analyze student errors when solving BADER story problems?

The lack of interest in reading hurts students when it is brought into the learning process. Negative learning behavior like this makes students reluctant to read even questions with long text or description questions or story questions. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which students made common mistakes made by students as well as students' understanding of the concepts involved in solving problems of arithmetic sequences and series. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The research subjects consisted of 10 MA class students at Madrasah Aliyah. The data were obtained by observing the results of students' answers in solving story problems on arithmetic sequences and series. Error analysis was carried out by identifying the completion steps carried out by students and referring to the error indicators adjusted for Newman's analysis. The analysis showed that students needed to improve in solving story sequences and arithmetic series problems. The most common type of error is the encoding error. In other words, the errors made by students included errors in reading the questions, understanding the problem, transforming, processing skills, and encoding.

A bibliometric study on the publication errors in emergency medicine journals from 2000 to 2020

BackgroundThe literature on scientific publication errors in medical research is limited, and no studies on emergency medicine publications have been conducted yet. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the publication errors in emergency medicine literature. MethodsThis bibliometric study reviewed intervened publication errors in the manuscripts of seven high-impact emergency medicine journals from 2000 to 2020, covering twenty years, and evaluated the corrections in the forms of an erratum, corrigendum, addendum, and retracted papers. The detected publication error rate and the trend, error severity, and error types were calculated. ResultsWe detected 257 intervened scientific papers consisting of 251 corrections due to one or more publication errors and six retractions. Authors were the primary source of the errors (93.2%). Most of the errors were in the author attribution section (40.5%). The published errors of 7.2% had an impact on the paper's conclusion. Simple typographic errors were the most common error type (62.5%). The corrected publication error rate was 1.3%, with a steady trend over the twenty years. ConclusionsPublications errors are inevitable, but it is possible to minimize them. The number of corrections in emergency medicine literature is at a low rate and show many similarities with the previous literature.

Analisis Kesulitan Sisa Dalam Mengerjakan Soal Matematika Pada Pembelajaran Daring di SD Muhammadiyah 2 Kota Sorong

The purpose of this research is to be able to find out the types of difficulties faced by students and what are the factors that cause students to have difficulty working on math problems, this research was conducted on fifth grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 2 Sorong City. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 6th grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 2 Sorong City. The data collection instruments used in this study were written tests and interviews to identify errors in math problems. The results of this study are From the results of the overall data analysis, it has been shown that the most common types of errors made by students are transformation errors, procedural errors and drawing conclusions, the factors that cause errors in working on this problem occur due to internal factors which include students' attitudes in the process of learning mathematics, as well as students' low motivation in learning mathematics, as well as external factors which include difficulties in using learning media so that they are not optimal in learning, and the delivery of material provided by the teacher is not optimal