Common Topics Research Articles

Neutrino Physics

The observation of neutrino oscillations is firm evidence of non-zero neutrino mass. Neutrino mass and mixing have been studied by neutrino oscillation experiments so far. One of the remaining questions is whether neutrinos violate CP symmetry. Exploring new CP violation is also a subject of kaon physics. There are other common physics topics between neutrino and kaon experiments. In this talk, recent progress and future prospects of neutrino experiments for topics related to kaon physics will be discussed.

Accomplishments and challenges of the research on Antillean manatee: A bibliometric analysis

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered subspecies of the West Indian manatee inhabiting countries of South America, Meso America and the Caribbean. Basic and applied research is necessary to inform management plans for the effective recovery of this subspecies. The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature regarding Antillean manatees, without restriction of the research topic. Article selection and screening process are described. Our final database consisted of 456 publications, of which peer-reviewed literature (articles, reviews, and notes in research journals) represent the most important type (63.4%), followed by BSc, MSc, and PhD theses (28.1%). Most of the research (70%) was conducted on wild manatees, 21,5% under human care conditions, and the rest a combination of both; the most common topics of study were ‘ecology’, ‘conservation’, ‘morphology, anatomy and physiology’, and ‘behavior’. The literature on Antillean manatee has expanded significantly over the last two decades across the region, with most of the research published in just the last five (25.4%) to 10 (44.6%) years. Most of the published work has been by Brazilian, Mexican, and Colombian researchers. However, an important amount of research remains as theses in Portuguese or Spanish limiting the dissemination of results. Relevant limitations for research and publication in Latin American countries may have an impact on the published literature on Antillean manatees, including scarce funding, poor facilities, language-related difficulties, and lack of a culture of publication. Avenues to melt scientific barriers may include increasing governmental investment on research, strengthening international networks, and improving the support to publish in high-impact journals.

Pilot scheme assessment: Health development program for students at dormitories

Aim: This study, conducted in Turkey, aims to increase the practicability of health counselling and protective services offered to young people in the long term. In the short term, it is aimed to determine health counselling needs of students at dormitories and it might enlighten researchers working in this field. Methods: A pilot questionnaire, developed in order to determine health needs of students staying at dormitories, was conducted in two dormitories in Ankara. Focus group interviews were done, also. After that, in nine dormitories from nine provinces from all over the Turkey, questionnaire and health screening tests were applied to 5,852 volunteers. Results: The common topics for both sexes which students would like to receive counselling are nutrition and anxiety about exams. Conclusion: As a result of the study, service has been planned for the identified needs of the students.

Letter: Research Productivity of Physicians in the Pandemic and Post-pandemic Era: A "Productive Outbreak'".

Letter: Research Productivity of Physicians in the Pandemic and Post-pandemic Era: A "Productive Outbreak'".

CSU-Net: Contour Semantic Segmentation Self-Enhancement for Human Head Detection

The computer vision community has made tremendous progress in solving a variety of semantic image understanding tasks, such as classification and segmentation. With the advancement of imaging technology and hardware, image semantic segmentation, through the use of deep learning, is among the most common topics which have been worked on in the last decade. However, image semantic segmentation suffers from several drawbacks such as insufficient detection of object boundaries. In this study, we present a new convolutional neural network architecture called CSU-Net that aims to self-enhance the results of semantic segmentation. The proposed model consists of two strongly concatenated encoder-decoder blocks. With this design, we reduced requirements on computing power and memory size to decrease costs and increase the training/prediction speed. This study also demonstrates the advantage of the proposed system for small training data sets. The proposed approach has been implemented on our private dataset, as well as on a publicly available dataset. A comparative analysis was carried out with four popular segmentation models and three other recently introduced architectures to show the efficiency of the proposed system. CSU-Net outperformed the other competing neural networks that we considered for the comparative study. As an example, it succeeded in improving the traditional U-Net result by approximately 50% in mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) for both tested datasets. Based on our experience, the CSU-Net can improve results of semantic segmentation in many applications.

Content and Bibliometric Analysis of Education as a Competitive Advantage of Business

This article aims to ground education as a competitive advantage of business based on content and bibliometric analysis. The paper examines the relationship between education level and business quality and leadership. It is highlighted that matching the level of education with business needs can ensure a higher level of labour productivity and better company results. The higher the level of education, the more an employee can benefit the company by working more efficiently and working with more ideas and innovations. The article also considers the importance of continuous learning and skill development for increasing business competitiveness and leadership in the modern world. For reaching the research goal, the methodology of data collection, content analysis, and synthesis from various sources, as well as bibliometric analysis of scientific publications indexed by the Scopus database using Bibliometrix and VosViewer software and R Studio programming language, was used. Over the past few years, the impact of education on business has received significant interest in the scientific community, as evidenced by the growing number of publishing articles indexed by the Scopus database. Four research clusters covered 10,914 keywords, and 95,636 connections in this context were formed. Multiple Correspondence Analysis allows the discovery of underlying structures in a set of categorical data (niche topics; developing topics; declining themes; most common topics and main topics). The research also covers case studies of companies that invest in training their employees to study the impact of such investments on business efficiency and competitiveness and analyses the opinions of business and education experts to assess the impact of education on business and the economy. The results of the conducted analysis confirm that investing in education is useful for business, contributes to the attraction of highly qualified employees, increases the level of productivity and competitiveness, and is also a guarantee of ensuring the successful functioning of the company in unpredictable conditions.

Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.

Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions.

Хабермас и интернет: обратная трансформация публичной сферы в эпоху новых медиа?

According to Jürgen Habermas, one of the leading figures in the conceptualization of the public sphere and public opinion, the public sphere must be considered as an arena that allows citizens to freely express, discuss, criticize and, eventually, publish their opinions on common topics. According to some new media theorists, such a sphere is being re-created within the age of new information technologies. The Internet’s contribution to public opinion and organization of social movements is also attributed to the development of deliberative democracy, changing the perception that citizens can participate in political processes only during elections. In this sense, the Internet can become a new impetus for democratization of societies and formation of a participatory culture, providing equal opportunities to all people, including members of diverse minority groups excluded from the public sphere in the era of traditional media. Supporters of this thesis are trying to adapt the concept of the public sphere by J. Habermas to the modern digital world. In other words, for them, the Internet-cafe of the 21st century plays the role of coffeehouses and salons of the 18th‑19th centuries. Those who analyze the new media from a critical perspective, on the contrary, see the Internet as a great machine that can be used to control and manipulate citizens. Approaching the issue from a completely different perspective, they note that new information technologies lead to capitalist exploitation and corporate control, on the one hand, and to the dissemination of false information and interference in the private life of citizens, on the other. In the field of economics, the concepts of “digital capitalism”, “cybercapitalism”, “surveillance capitalism”, and “wikinomics” are already widely used, implying the commodification of virtual data, which ultimately results in a huge “personal data market”. This study aims to compare the aforementioned perspectives and answer the question of whether the Internet can contribute to the formation of a free public sphere separate from the political sphere.

Common obstetrics and gynecologic topics in critical care: A narrative review.

The fields of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Critical Care often share medically and surgically complex patients. Peripartum anatomic and physiologic changes can predispose or exacerbate certain conditions and rapid action is often needed. This review discusses some of the most common conditions responsible for the admission of obstetrical and gynecological patients to the critical care unit. We will consider both obstetrical and gynecologic concepts including postpartum hemorrhage, antepartum hemorrhage, abnormal uterine bleeding, preeclampsia and eclampsia, venous thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, sepsis and septic shock, obstetrical trauma, acute abdomen, malignancies, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and substance abuse. This article aims to be a primer for the Critical Care provider.

Núria Albertí’s Children’s Poetry, a Metaphor for Humor and Irony

Núria Albertí’s Children’s Poetry, a Metaphor for Humor and Irony Moisés Selfa Sastre (bio) and Enric Falguera Garcia (bio) Núria Albertí (Alicante, 1974) is one of the most prolific and ingenious authors in Catalan today, as evidenced by her recent literary career. Some of her works have even been translated into Spanish. She started her career as a poet in 2006 with the anthology of poems L’arca iris, a title that reflects her desire to break the mold by feminizing the normally masculine Catalan noun. Since then, Albertí has published sixteen poetry anthologies, constructing a poetic discourse based on humor and irony as basic resources of expression, as well as the introduction of multiple themes and the use of stanzas that are not usual in Catalan children’s poetry, such as haiku. In general, Albertí’s poems can be categorized into three main groups: (a) texts with predominantly classical themes in children’s poetry, such as bestiaries and poems that follow time cycles; (b) monographs focusing on a single theme, such as pirates, the legend of Saint George, or lullabies; and (c) anthologies of poems that include themes from children’s daily life, such as food, the night, adventures, or fear. The first group, so far, covers five of her works: Gri grill i altres animalades (Gri Cricket and Other Animateds; 2019), Poemes de fred i manta (Poems of Cold and Blanket; 2018), Poemes de flors i abelles (Poems of Flowers and Bees; 2019), Poemes de vent i fulles (Poems of Wind and Leaves; 2019), and Poemes de sol i mosques (Poems of Sun and Flies; 2021). Gri grill’s content reminisces that of bestiaries, with poems emphasizing the humorous and ironic tone of the animal world. At the same time, the poems also work as metaphors for human behaviors. The title of the collection also reflects irony, as the adjective animalades has a double meaning: references to both the animal world and to foolish and absurd human behavior. The main characters of the book are animals whose behaviors are far from social conventions, such as an arrogant cricket, a boastful dog, or a tadpole who tells fake stories as long as he is left alone. The book also features interesting linguistic games and a careful use of language, as can be seen in the synesthesia of the poem “Gri Grill.” [End Page 67] The other four titles in this group are considerably more recent and represent four seasons of the year. Poemes de fred i manta, which includes verses about winter, contains numerous melancholic compositions that invite us to meditation. Despite the poems being simple, Albertí uses natural and precise language in them. This work is followed by Poemes de flors i abelles, a collection colored by humor and the joy of living. The book narrates the burst of spring with all its seasonal colors. The poems paint the season with colors and metaphors full of iconographic qualities. Poemes de vent i fulles is dedicated to autumn, with chestnuts and the traditional panellet1 parade through short verses alluding to Catalan traditions. The last one, Poemes de sol i mosques, is an anthology of summer poems, as beaches, tellinas, and games play an important role in this work. The second group reflects a convergence of traditional and more contemporary elements. All three books here, Poemes i cançons de bressol (Poems and Nursery Songs; 2007), Roses i dracs (Roses and Dragons; 2009), and Pirates a la vista (Pirates in Sight; 2010), take traditional themes as their starting point, and through humor and irony, they are reversed and brought up to date by placing the characters in spatial and temporal coordinates known to young readers. Through the universal genre of lullaby, with references to children’s musical games, Albertí incorporates themes previously unused in Catalan children’s poetry into this motif, such as fear at night, dreams, and occasional suffering. In Pirates a la vista, Albertí recontextualizes common topics and themes of children’s poetry for current child readers. The poems within can be described as metatextual, with references to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island, in which the pirate parrot is the one...

ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ВОЕННОГО КОНФЛИКТА В СМИ

Violence significance and scale assessment and conflict potential in the modern Ferghana Valley are one of the most common topics in studies of post-Soviet Central Asia. This densely popu-lated region has long been characterized as a place of hidden inter-ethnic conflict. And from this point of view, the Ferghana Valley region is not only a place of close residence of three large ethnic groups – Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tajiks, co-existing in a network of interdependent communities that share burial sites, pastures, and markets, but also a place where ethnic and political borders most often in-tersect.

Anthocyanins: Metabolic Digestion, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Effects, Current Pharmaceutical/Industrial Use, and Innovation Potential.

In this work, various concepts and features of anthocyanins have been comprehensively reviewed, taking the benefits of the scientific publications released mainly within the last five years. Within the paper, common topics such as anthocyanin chemistry and occurrence, including the biosynthesis of anthocyanins emphasizing the anthocyanin formation pathway, anthocyanin chemistry, and factors influencing the anthocyanins' stability, are covered in detail. By evaluating the recent in vitro and human experimental studies on the absorption and bioavailability of anthocyanins present in typical food and beverages, this review elucidates the significant variations in biokinetic parameters based on the model, anthocyanin source, and dose, allowing us to make basic assumptions about their bioavailability. Additionally, special attention is paid to other topics, such as the therapeutic effects of anthocyanins. Reviewing the recent in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies on the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various diseases permits a demonstration of the promising efficacy of different anthocyanin sources at various levels, including the neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anticancer effects. Additionally, the studies on using plant-based anthocyanins as coloring food mediums are extensively investigated in this paper, revealing the successful use of anthocyanins in coloring various products, such as dietary and bakery products, mixes, juices, candies, beverages, ice cream, and jams. Lastly, the successful application of anthocyanins as prebiotic ingredients, the innovation potential of anthocyanins in industry, and sustainable sources of anthocyanins, including a quantitative research literature and database analysis, is performed.

What Law Schools Must Change to Train Transactional Lawyers

Not all lawyers litigate, but you would not know that from the first-year curriculum at most law schools. Despite 50% of lawyers working in transactional practices, schools do not incorporate its legal doctrines or skills in the foundational first year. That the Progressives pushed through antitrust laws and the New Dealers founded the modern administrative state reframed how people use the law, particularly in transactional practices, and should be given equal weight as the appellate-based common law in any legal introduction. Nevertheless, the law school model created by Christopher Columbus Langdell in the 1870s remains dominant. As this review of fifty-four law schools’ required curricula shows, law schools have largely retained Langdell’s curriculum. This negatively affects young transactional lawyers because their critical first year does not show them the law as a preventative, problem-solving practice. This Article proposes fundamental changes to the way law schools prepare students to be transactional and other types of attorneys by reframing the first year from various common law topics to a focus on practice areas. This Article argues that it is faculty, fear, and funding that prevent fundamental change to the first year and other required curriculum even as change is necessary for the health of law schools and the legal profession. This Article concludes that, in the face of curriculum stagnation, the ABA accrediting body and bar examiners should recognize these changes by requiring and testing these “new” areas of law.

Implementation of a Business of Healthcare Curriculum for General Surgery Residents

To better prepare general surgery residents for handling the business aspects of healthcare, this project evaluation reports on the implementation of a business of healthcare curriculum (BHC) in a general surgery residency program. We evaluated (pre and post curriculum) self-perceived knowledge and attitudes toward common business topics. General surgery residents were administered a 13-item survey (7 Likert-type and 3 open-ended items assessing self-perceived knowledge and attitudes toward BHC, and 3 demographic questions) prior to the start of the curriculum. The curriculum was comprised of four core sessions, which included didactic lectures and group projects, including the creation of a business plan. At the conclusion of the curriculum, a post-test with the same items was administered. A total of 21 residents completed both the pre and post-tests. The BHC was a mandatory part of the general surgery residency program and was conducted in Honolulu, Hawaii (University of Hawaii at Manoa). All general surgery residents, PGY-1 to PGY-5, were required to participate in the curriculum. Statistically significant increases in resident knowledge were found overall and specifically for healthcare reform legislation, differences between practice settings, financial matters, contracting and coding and billing for services. Additionally, responses to open-ended questions showed that residents had a positive attitude toward the curriculum and found it useful. General surgery residency programs can successfully create an impactful business of healthcare curriculum with minimal cost if volunteers and existing resources are utilized.

Analysis of parenting informational needs for mothers with infants and toddlers using text-mining

Due to its accessibility and anonymity, the Internet is a common way for mothers to find information about parenting concerns. The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting questions posted by mothers on parenting online communities to identify the informational needs of parents with young children. We analyzed 31,565 parenting–related questions posted in October 2019. Text mining was performed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify the most common topics in the dataset. Topics were sorted according to infant age group and a keyword network analysis was performed to identify parenting difficulties. In the LDA, 15 topics were found to be the best-fitting model. From these, we identified parenting situations that lead to many questions, the majority of which were focused on basic childcare related to feeding, baby food, sleeping, medical problems, development, and learning. The distribution of the 15 topics varies according to age group. Keyword network analysis showed that mothers had difficulty putting their babies to sleep and stopping them from crying. This study provides useful information to support parenting and makes suggestions for how parenting programs can meet mothers’ needs.

Laryngectomy: Social media analysis of patient perception.

Social media continues to grow as a relevant information source for the lay public and medical professionals. A search of posts on Facebook and Instagram was conducted using the hashtag #laryngectomy. Posts were categorized based upon perspective, media type, timeframe, topic, tone, and popularity. Final analysis included 929 Instagram posts and 355 Facebook posts. Most Facebook posts were made by companies (38%) and physicians (17%) with information (30%) and advertisements (22%) being common topics. Patients (40%) were the largest group of Instagram authors with lifestyle (39%) being the most common topic. Greater than 90% of posts were either neutral or positive in tone across both platforms. Patient perspective was most commonly represented on Instagram, whereas Facebook more commonly included posts by physicians and companies. The majority of posts carried a neutral or positive tone, which is consistent with positive quality of life patients have shown postoperatively.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Using CiteSpace: The Perspective of China

Tourism development is an effective way to protect intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Research on the relationship between these two factors and related issues is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of ICH. Based on literatures collected from the CNKI database (381 articles) and the Web of Science core collection (545 articles), this study used CiteSpace analysis software to analyze the published volume of ICH tourism research and extract hot keywords and hotspot research topics. Results showed that the number of articles published in Chinese and foreign journals had three stages, namely, steady development, rapid growth, and fluctuating decline. Judging from the research keywords, “cultural tourism”, “authenticity”, “sustainable development” and “protection (or conservation)” are common topics at home and abroad, whereas “loyalty”, “motivation” “conservation” and “quality” are the emerging keywords of foreign journals in recent years. In terms of content, research on the relationship between ICH protection and tourism development, research on the development model, and stakeholder research in tourism development are the focus of Chinese academic circles. This study systematically summarizes the ICH tourism research under different cultural backgrounds and proposes suggestions for the future development of ICH tourism in China.

Prehistory, neuroscience, and evolutionary anthropology: a personal journey.

The relationship between anthropology and neuroscience has always been friendly but controversial, because they embrace inclusive common topics (human beings and their brains) although following distinct approaches, often more holistic and speculative in the former field, more reductionist and quantitative in the latter. In recent decades, novel disciplines have been proposed to bridge the gap between anthropology and neuroscience, mostly taking into account their common interest in human evolution. Paleoneurology deals with the study of brain anatomy in extinct species. Neuroarchaeology concerns the study of brain functions associated with behaviours that are of interest according to the archaeological record. Cognitive archaeology investigates the evolution of those behaviours following methods and theories in psychology. These new fields can provide quantitative and experimental support to topics that, to date, have been largely discussed only on a theoretical basis. Nonetheless, working with extinct species necessarily involves many limitations. Consistent theories on the evolution of our cognitive abilities must rely on the integration of different sources of information, on parallel and independent evidence from different fields, and on a proper attitude: openness and caution.

Herd turnover rate reexamined: a tool for improving profitability, welfare, and sustainability.

Longevity and herd turnover rate are becoming common topics of discussion as the dairy industry strives for continuous improvement in efficiency, profitability, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. Having the most productive animal fill each slot on a dairy makes strategic replacement and the resulting herd turnover an important tool for producers. Dairy operations can be considered to have slots available to be occupied by cows. The number of slots available is governed by dairy characteristics including parlor size and facility design. With sustainability and profitability goals, producers should aim to fill each slot with the most productive animal. The advantages of a modest surplus of replacement heifers allowing for a higher herd turnover rate are examined and shown to improve herd profitability, enhance welfare, and reduce environmental impact. A model assuming constant demand for dairy foods is presented with increased herd turnover rate leading to more milk production per cow and reduced enteric methane emissions. This analysis demonstrates that all else being equal, raising more replacements (having a relatively higher herd turnover rate and decreased herd-level longevity) improves sustainability compared to management aimed at lower herd turnover rates. Understanding the drivers of herd turnover in dairy production has important implications for the components of one health: animal well-being, food production, and environmental stewardship. The present work examines one tool toward this goal, while the companion Currents in One Health by Nguyen et al, JAVMA, January 2023, takes a broader view of many aspects of dairy sustainability.

Enhancing sustainable development through tourism digitalisation: a systematic literature review

The world’s economic structure is increasingly moving towards a digital framework, boosted by the fourth industrial revolution. As a versatile sector, tourism is also embedded within this digital transformation process, albeit at a slower pace due to the uncountable challenges and uncertainties surrounding it. Nevertheless, the most recent implications of the pandemic crisis warned both managers and politicians of the urgent need for new development paths aligned with sustainability, particularly with the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Furthermore, direct issues related to tourism activity, such as overtourism, pollution, and economic dependency, call for alternative and balanced approaches. Smart and digital solutions might play a key role in this process, but little is known concerning their potential. Aiming to extend knowledge concerning these potentials, a systematic literature review was conducted to examine the state-of-the-art about the implications of digital transformation in tourism as a catalyst for sustainable development, identifying gaps and providing directions for future research. From the analysis of 38 manuscripts, visitor experience, destination management, business solutions, and smart sustainable destinations emerged as the most common topics. However, inconsistencies were identified concerning the management narratives and the actual implementation of smart approaches. Additionally, the novelty of the concepts gravitating around smart tourism promotes some theoretical inconsistencies, which also need to be remedied.