Common Problem Research Articles

A Study of Agni, its Impact on Kostha Vaddhata (Constipation) and its Management With “Saghrita Lavanei Yukta Narau Annavagraham Peebet”

Background: Kostha vaddhata (constipation) is one of the common problems of human beings on society which is mainly based on the state of Agni. Because the vikrita agni is responsible for creating different types of Ajirna which is the initial or earlier symptom of Grahani Dosha. The aim of the study was to explain the principle of application of Gavya–ghrita mixed with saindhav lavana to treat the Kostha vaddhata. Materials and Methods: Based on the signs and symptoms of Kostha vaddhata (constipation), Saindhava Lavana mixed with Ghrita described in Charaka Samhita was taken for clinical trial. Thirty number of patients, satisfying the inclusion criteria, were taken for the present study and all patients were divided into two equal groups, that is, Group A and Group B. The assessment was made before and after treatment. Results: The better result was obtained when Gavya Ghrita mixed with Saindhava Lavana. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that the formulation, that is, Gavya Ghrita mixed with Saindhava Lavana could be the best tool for the management of Kostha Vaddhata and it also justifies the Siddhanta of Maharshi Charaka. Hence, the research needs further studies with larger samples, and increased duration of medicine could be more informative.

The effectiveness of faecal collection devices in preventing moderate to severe incontinence-associated dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem among critically ill patients with faecal incontinence (FI). However, there are few studies comparing the effects of different faecal collection devices impact the prevention of moderate to severe IAD in this patient population. This review aims to compare the effectiveness of various devices for collecting faecal matter in preventing moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients suffering from FI through a network meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang, Wei Pu, and China Biomedicine (CBM) from their inception until May 4, 2023. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two researchers independently performed study selection and data extraction. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool Version 2.0. RevMan 5.4 was utilized for conventional pairwise meta-analysis of direct comparisons, while Stata16.0 was employed for network meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies, involving 1345 patients, were included in the analysis. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that an anal bag[odds ratio(OR): 0.07(0.03, 0.20)], a balloon catheter[(OR:0.30(0.15, 0.62)], and an anal bag connected to negative pressure and flushing [(OR: 0.09(0.01,0.68)] all reduced the incidence of moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients compared with usual care measures, respectively. The cumulative rank probabilities indicated that moderate to severe IAD prevention was more effective when employing balloon catheters connected to negative pressure [surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA): 20.8%] and anal bags connected to negative pressure (SUCRA: 27.0%) among critically ill patients with FI. FI is a common problem among severely ill patients, and the reduction of moderate and severe IAD incidence is deemed essential. In this review, it is suggested that both balloon catheters connected to negative pressure and anal bags connected to negative pressure are associated with a higher effectiveness in preventing moderate and severe IAD. The findings of this review can assist healthcare professionals in the selection of suitable stool management devices for the prevention of moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients with FI.

Common Problems and Improvement Suggestions for the Special Review Application of Shanghai's Class Ⅱ Innovative Medical Device

This study conducted statistics on the special review applications for Class Ⅱ innovative medical devices in Shanghai from April 2020 to April 2023. It summarized and analyzed common problems in the innovation review application stage, and gave suggestions for applicants and reviewers in order to further improve the quality of innovation application and improve the pass rate of innovation applications.

The social and environmental factors impacting the motivation of adolescents for weight control, why and how? A qualitative study

IntroductionOverweight and obesity are common problems among teenagers regardless of ethnicity, race, and socio-economic status. Therefore, this study aims to explore the social and environmental factors impacting adolescents motivation for weight control in Gilan province, Iran.MethodologyFollowing a qualitative design, a content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. A total of 79 interviews were conducted with Adolescents (n = 23), Friends and Peers (n = 15), Parents (n = 12), Managers (n = 16), and Health care providers (n = 13), regarding adolescents obesity during 2019. MAXQDA V.10 software was used for our analysis.FindingsThe main categories of environmental and social factors affecting adolescents motivation for weight control were external factors (the relative success of weight control intervention programs, the lack of environmental and social support, and the lack of family support for teenagers) that each one had some subcategories, and internal factors (competence, relatedness, and autonomy).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the necessity of identifying environmental and social factors that are effective in reducing adolescents’ motivation for weight loss. These factors are so influential that teenagers can’t overcome them without receiving support from their environment and the government health-related policies. So, it seems that we need integrated multisectoral approaches and we suggest that health policymakers develop practical policies to control adolescents obesity by focusing on factors that have been mentioned in this study.

Prevalence of malnutrition in children in Narsingdi district, Bangladesh: An observational study

Background: A pathological condition called malnutrition arises when there is a relative or absolute lack or excess of one or more nutrients. In low-income nations, it is a serious public health issue for children under ten years. Malnutrition is a state of nutritional deficit brought on by insufficient consumption of protein or energy. Primary acute malnutrition in children is a prevalent condition in underdeveloped nations due to insufficient food supply resulting from social, economic, and environmental causes. An underlying illness that results in aberrant nutritional loss, increased energy expenditure, or decreased food intake is typically the cause of secondary acute malnutrition. Method: This was an observational, descriptive study conducted in Bangladesh's Narsingdi area from September to October 2023. All records of children with complications of malnutrition, between the ages of 2 and 10 were included in the study. Result: 142 children fall in the category of underweight, 166 children possess suitable BMI and 8 of them were heavyweight with BMI more than 23. Nearly one third of the children faces physical problems some times in their life time. Among all of the children 139 (43.98%) had perfect physical status with good health and diarrhea is the most common problem they caught by 118 respondents. Conclusion: In the district, its severity and prevalence can be decreased with increased community knowledge and stronger preventive efforts.

A regularization method for solving the G-variational inequality problem and fixed-point problems in Hilbert spaces endowed with graphs

This article considers and investigates a variational inequality problem and fixed-point problems in real Hilbert spaces endowed with graphs. A regularization method is proposed for solving a G-variational inequality problem and a common fixed-point problem of a finite family of G-nonexpansive mappings in the framework of Hilbert spaces endowed with graphs, which extends the work of Tiammee et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 187, 2015) and Kangtunyakarn, A. (Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat. 112:437–448, 2018). Under certain conditions, a strong convergence theorem of the proposed method is proved. Finally, we provide numerical examples to support our main theorem. The numerical examples show that the speed of the proposed method is better than some recent existing methods in the literature.

Formulation and development of herbal facewash using Beal leaves: Aegle marmelos

In this study, herbal anti-acne face wash gels were prepared using polymers Carbopol and extract of aegle marmelos (beal patra), which show the antibacterial property and are widely used in modern herbal medicine. Results showed that the gels were non-irritating, stable, and possess anti-acne activity. Acne is a common skin problem that 85% of teenagers face today. Herbal drugs have been used for many years, not only in Asian countries but also worldwide for social well-being. Herbal formulations have rising demand in the global market. This study demonstrated the stability of herbal Gel, which is now regarded as an efficient herbal acne treatment formulation. A number of characteristics, including color, appearance, consistency, pH, and foamability, were assessed for the prepared formulation. Because natural remedies are safer and have fewer side effects than synthetic ones, they are more widely accepted.The demand for herbal formulations is rising on the international scene. The creation and assessment of a herbal anti-acne cleanser with aqueous bael leaf (Aegle marmelos) extracts are the subjects of this study. Despite the fact that there are many topical herbal remedies for acne on the market, the plant has good antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties according to published research.

Psychosocial Impact of Infertility Diagnosis and Conformity to Gender Norms on the Quality of Life of Infertile Spanish Couples.

Epidemiological data show that human reproductive disorders are a common problem worldwide, affecting almost one in six people of reproductive age. As a result, infertility has been identified by the World Health Organization as a public health disease. Reproductive problems can take a heavy toll on the psychosocial well-being of couples suffering from infertility. This is especially true for women, who tend to be the ones who undergo the most treatment. The main objective of the present study is to find out whether a sex-based infertility diagnosis influences the quality of life of couples with infertility. Also, we aim to find out whether the degree of adherence to gender norms influences their quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FertiQoL) and the Conformity to Feminine and Masculine Norms Inventories in a sample of 219 infertile Spanish couples (438 participants). The results show that, in all cases, regardless of the degree of conformity to gender norms and whether the infertility diagnosis was of female or male origin, women have lower scores on the self-perceived quality of life. This suggests that being female is already a psychosocial risk factor when assessing the psychosocial consequences of infertility.

Assessing Disparities in Predictive Modeling Outcomes for College Student Success: The Impact of Imputation Techniques on Model Performance and Fairness

The education sector has been quick to recognize the power of predictive analytics to enhance student success rates. However, there are challenges to widespread adoption, including the lack of accessibility and the potential perpetuation of inequalities. These challenges present in different stages of modeling, including data preparation, model development, and evaluation. These steps can introduce additional bias to the system if not appropriately performed. Substantial incompleteness in responses is a common problem in nationally representative education data at a large scale. This can lead to missing data and can potentially impact the representativeness and accuracy of the results. While many education-related studies address the challenges of missing data, little is known about the impact of handling missing values on the fairness of predictive outcomes in practice. In this paper, we aim to assess the disparities in predictive modeling outcomes for college student success and investigate the impact of imputation techniques on model performance and fairness using various notions. We conduct a prospective evaluation to provide a less biased estimation of future performance and fairness than an evaluation of historical data. Our comprehensive analysis of a real large-scale education dataset reveals key insights on modeling disparities and the impact of imputation techniques on the fairness of the predictive outcome under different testing scenarios. Our results indicate that imputation introduces bias if the testing set follows the historical distribution. However, if the injustice in society is addressed and, consequently, the upcoming batch of observations is equalized, the model would be less biased.

The Relationship between Seborrheic Dermatitis and Androgenetic Alopecia in Patients Referred to a Skin Clinic in Tehran, Iran: A Retrospective Study

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common skin problem that generally affects the scalp. SD causes scale-like parts, skin redness, and persistent dandruff, which can also affect the fatty parts of the body. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-dependent hereditary disorder characterized by progressive thinning of hair with various patterns. Objectives: Considering that AGA is probably related to race, genetics, and geographical conditions, and timely treatment of SD and AGA is critical, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SD and AGA. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on patients with AGA referred to the skin clinic of Rasoul-Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Among the mentioned patients, 250 were randomly selected by easy sampling. The patient's age, gender, occupation, marital status, history of skin, hormonal, or systemic disease, medical history, medication history, smoking history, alcohol intake, and family history of hair loss are all required information after obtaining informed consent from the patient. Skin color and face and skin type were recorded by a researcher-made checklist. Then, the patients were examined in terms of SD, and finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software Version 24 and relevant statistical tests. Results: The average age of the studied patients was 35.64 ± 8.11 169 (67.2%) were women, and 81 (32.8%) were men. The highest severity of SD was grade 1 in 116 people (46.6%). There was a significant relationship between the severity of SD and the history of hair loss in the family (P = 0.03). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the pattern of AGA in men and the severity of SD (P < 0.05). The study showed a significant relationship between dandruff symptoms and AGA patterns (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, this issue should be evaluated with more precision and follow-up due to the relationship between the severity of SD and the AGA pattern. Moreover, eliminating the symptoms of dandruff can help in improving hair loss. In addition, evaluating a person's medical history and family history is essential to determining the pattern of hair loss, preventing its progression, and timely treatment of this problem.

ACADEMICIANS' VIEWS ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING: ONLINE DISTANCE-LEARNING VERSUS FACE-TO-FACE INSTRUCTION

The objectives of this study are to examine the challenges faced by academics teaching foreign languages (Arabic and English) via distance education, in comparison with face-to-face instruction; and to suggest strategies and solutions for managing the challenges and difficulties encountered in an online-teaching platform. The recent Covid-19 pandemic provided a real life lab experiment from which to glean information and draw lessons from, given that online distance learning was primarily utilized during the pandemic to facilitate uninterrupted education. Accordingly, 77 academics providing foreign language education remotely during the pandemic were interviewed. These interviews were conducted in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The survey questions were developed by the authors, based on established methods. Open-ended questions were developed as an online data collection tool, and data were obtained with a semi-structured interview form (aptly named "The problems faced by instructors teaching foreign languages in Arabic and English during the Covid-19 pandemic"). This study employed a qualitative research method and utilized a phenomenological design that was structured based on this research method. This technique is based on the idea that teaching should be functional, and that the degree of efficacy with which specific learning functions are achieved should be observable and subject to evaluation. The findings of this study suggest that face-to-face education is more effective than distance education, with regard to learning functionality. However, the study also finds that combining online distance learning with face-to-face instruction (i.e. hybrid teaching) appears to elevate learning functionality to an even greater extent. With regard to distance learning alone, the most common problem experienced and thus the greatest perceived challenge to educators was a lack of student interest and motivation. Additionally, assessment and evaluation of student performance in online environments were found to be not sufficiently accurate. The consensus opinion of the survey respondents is that hybrid teaching approaches offer greater effectiveness with regard to both the stimulation of student-interest and more accurate assessment of student performance.

Study on CO source identification and spontaneous combustion warning concentration in the return corner of working face in shallow buried coal seam.

Coal spontaneous combustion is a common problem faced by many coal mines. Spontaneous combustion in goaf releases a large amount of harmful gases, polluting the environment while causing a large amount of wasted resources, and even endangering the lives of workers. Due to the collapse of the interior of the mining area, it is impossible to measure the internal gas composition directly. In order to more accurately predict the spontaneous combustion state inside the mining airspace, this paper obtains the CO generation law and the main source of the working face through the combination of laboratory experiments and on-site monitoring. The CO concentration prediction model of the return corner is established with CO as the index gas. Finally, the safe concentration and warning concentration of the working face are calculated according to the example, which provides theoretical basis for the prediction of spontaneous combustion of coal.

Ocular morbidity patterns among metal workers from an unorganized sector: A cross-sectional study

Introduction and Aim: The metal working process has many hazards that the metal workers are exposed to resulting in several health disorders and diseases. However, there is a lack of documented information regarding the prevalence of ophthalmic safety practices and the factors influencing them among metal workers in the Moradabad region or the study area. The aim of the present study is to assess ocular morbidity patterns among the metal workers from an unorganized sector. Methods: We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the metal workers working in Northwestern Uttar Pradesh, district Moradabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 metal workers using a pre-validated structured questionnaire. Results: All the metal workers working, without any formal eye health and safety training. Eye Injury was the most common problem at work. The age of the metal workers, duration of employment & welding hours per day were associated with ocular morbidities among the metal workers. In this study, among 100 metal workers, 18% of workers were suffering from an occupational eye injury. 98% metal workers population don’t have any personal protective eye device.86% of them feel this protective eye device is not so necessary. Conclusion: There is a need for occupational health safety awareness services for metal workers in Moradabad as well as in Uttar Pradesh. While further research may be required to make policy recommendations, the current study provides a baseline morbidity burden among these mental workers to look for interventions to promote health and safety at work for this neglected unorganized group.

Bioinspired Microstructured Janus Bioadhesive for the Prevention of Abdominal and Intrauterine Adhesions

AbstractAbdominal and intrauterine adhesions are common postoperative problems that can cause serious complications. Current adhesives are usually double sided and suffer from poor wet adhesion, nondegradability, and monofunctionality, which limits their application in preventing postoperative adhesions. Herein, a bioinspired microstructured Janus bioadhesive, named OD/GM@PG, with a wet adhesive inner layer and an antiadhesive outer layer is prepared by combining electrostatic spun and adhesive materials. By using both capillary suction and a catechol‐based strategy, the wet adhesive strength and interfacial toughness of the Janus bioadhesive reach 98 kPa and 325 J m−2, respectively, which are much higher than those of commercial fibrin glues and cyanoacrylate glues. The electrostatic spun outer layer acts as a physical barrier with antiadhesive and friction‐reducing effects. Additionally, the Janus bioadhesive demonstrates biodegradable, hemostatic, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and prohealing properties. In vivo results show that the asymmetric adhesion effect of the Janus bioadhesive effectively preventing postoperative abdominal and intrauterine adhesions. Notably, tandem mass tags‐labeled quantitative proteomics analysis demonstrate that the expression of inflammatory response‐associated proteins (S100A8, S100A9) is associated with adhesion; the Janus bioadhesive significantly downregulates this expression. Therefore, the OD/GM@PG Janus bioadhesive is a promising candidate for preventing postoperative adhesions.

MANAJEMEN PENDEKATAN FISIOTERAPI DENGAN TERAPI LATIHAN DAN POSTURAL CORRECTION TERHADAP NYERI MUSKULOSKELETAL LOW BACK PAIN SELAMA KEHAMILAN

Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 30% -78% of pregnant women experiencing complaints in the form of low back pain at some point in their pregnancy. This type of LBP can occur in the pelvic bones between the posterior iliac crest, gluteal folds or in the lumbar spine area. In this case the pain usually spreads to the buttocks, legs and feet. This is due to hormonal changes, blood circulation and biomechanical changes. low back pain usually increases with increasing gestational age, interfering with work, every activity and sleep so that it has an impact on the quality of life of pregnant women. This research aims to determine the effect of providing exercise and postural correction on the condition of low back pain during pregnancy. Method: this research uses quasie experimental with a pre and post test research design without control group design, the population in this study were all pregnant women who were experiencing low back pain who received physiotherapy services in the form of providing exercise and postural correction totaling 15 clients. Results: based on paired sample tests in the group treatment obtained a value of P = 0.001 (P<0.05) with a mean value of 5.27 ± 2.07, meaning that there were significant differences in results before and after the intervention of providing exercise and postural correction. Conclusion: there was a decrease in the VDS (verbal descriptive scale) value in low back pain conditions by providing exercise and postural correction interventions. This can be seen from the difference between the results before and after the intervention, which means that the exercise and postural correction interventions significantly have a very good effect in reducing pain scores in low back pain conditions during pregnancy

Knowledge and socio-demographic factors associated with depression among students on clinical rotation in a private university in Ekiti state, Nigeria

NTRODUCTION: Depression is among the most common mental and public health problems globally. Depression is generally common among university students and is especially high among undergraduates on clinical postings. Clinical students are exposed to varying kinds of stressors ensuing from difficulties integrating into the hospital system and implicated in causing academic failure, disability, and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and the socio-demographic factors associated with depression among clinical undergraduates in a private university.
 METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 242 students of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences of a private university who were undergoing their clinical rotations. Data was collected on the socio-demographic variable and knowledge of depression. The proportion of students with depression was determined with the 20-itemZung self-rating depression scale.
 RESULTS: Less than half (43.0%) of the respondents had good knowledge of depression, with the majority using social media (82.6%) and one-third of Journals/textbooks (34.3%) as sources of information. The identified predictors of depression were being female (AOR:2.624; 95%CI:1.006-7.600) and having poor knowledge of depression (AOR:2.806; 95%CI:1.121-3.975).
 CONCLUSION: This study revealed that less than half of the students had good knowledge of depression. Poor knowledge and female gender were identified as positive predictors of depression. Therefore, more effort should also be taken by the school authority to educate these students on depression.

No causal association between allergic rhinitis and migraine: a Mendelian randomization study

PurposeAllergic rhinitis (AR) and migraine are among the most common public health problems worldwide. Observational studies on the correlation between AR and migraine have reported inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship of AR with migraine and its subtypes, including migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO).MethodsBidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed with publicly available summary-level statistics of large genome-wide association studies to estimate the possible causal effects. The inverse variance-weighted method was selected for primary analysis and was supplemented with the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods. The causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) were further performed to verify the causality. Several sensitivity tests, including the leave-one-out, Cochran’s Q, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests, were performed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsAR did not exhibit a significant causal correlation with the elevated risk of any migraine (odd ratio (OR), 0.816; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.511–1.302; P = 0.394), MA (OR, 0.690; 95% CI 0.298–1.593; P = 0.384), or MO (OR, 1.022; 95% CI 0.490–2.131; P = 0.954). Consistently, reverse MR analysis did not reveal causal effects of any migraine or its subtypes on AR. Almost all sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the results.ConclusionsThis MR study did not reveal a clear causal association between AR and migraine risk. More research is warranted to reveal the complex association between AR and migraine.

Decubitus ulcers: A common problem in bedridden patients

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Implementation Technique Breast-feed With Nipples Milk Scratches On Mother Baby At Rs Viqueque City Regency Dili Timor Leste

According to Soetjiningsih (1997), the most common problem in breastfeeding is nipple pain / blisters, about 57% of mothers who breastfeed reported having suffered from blisters on their nipples. Nipples of blisters can prevent exclusive breastfeeding. Based on data in the Viqueque district hospital in Dili East Timor 2019, in 10 breastfeeding mothers, there were still many breastfeeding mothers who experienced blisters on the nipples . The design of this study included quantitative research with cross-sectional type of correlation design. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who visited the Viqueque City Hospital in East Timor by taking the sample with the type of accidental sampling, amounting to 44 respondents. The variable in this research is the technique of breastfeeding and nipple milk with ordinal scale. This research was conducted in December 2019 until July 2020. In this study analyzed by contingency coefficient test with α o, 05. The results of the study after being tested with contingency coefficient obtained p-value = 0.008 < α = 0.05 (p-value <α) which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between breastfeeding techniques and nipple milk nipples. Incorrect position in breastfeeding is a natural thing that occurs early in the breastfeeding period. Both mother and baby are in the learning stage. If the position is improperly attempted, the position is replaced until finally I find the right position. As time goes by, mother will become professional until finally she can find the right position for mother and baby. When the position is right, surely the mother's nipples will not blister.

Risk Factors Associated with Scabies Occurring in Islamic Boarding Schools: Literature Review

Background: Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, in particular, have classic health problems. Some diseases that are common in Islamic boarding schools are scabies, shortness of breath, fever, fainting, cough and cold with influenza, gastritis/ulcer, and so on. And the most common health problem in Islamic boarding schools is scabies. It seems that students who live in boarding schools are "obliged" to experience an itchy disease characterized by symptoms of mruntus (pustules), redness, and itching. There is a saying that being a boarding school student is not valid if you don't suffer from itchy skin. Scabies and hut children's diseases are the same. Personal health, knowledge, teacher and peer support are some of the causes. Aims: The purpose of this literature review was to identify some risk factors for scabies in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools. Method: The research was conducted using relevant literature databases, such as google scholar,n SageJournal and PubMed. The keyword used for this literature review was "scabies in Islamic boarding schools". The literature search was limited from 2013 - 2022. There were 11 articles that were relevant and related to scabies that occurred in boarding schools. Results: The results of the 11 articles showed that personal hygiene has a lot to do with and even influences the incidence of scabies in some boarding schools. Conclusion: So improving the personal hygiene of students is one of the important factors in preventing the incidence of scabies in Islamic boarding schools.