Social-ecological systems are a framework that have been developed last years from different perspectives and scientific disciplines. One of the best renowned frameworks is Ostrom´s framework (2009). Ostrom propose this framework after many years studying the management of common pool resources. Two analytical proposals are made based on the identification of two types of pollination: on the one hand, commercial pollination and on the other, domestic pollination (Skewes et. Al, 2018), from the framework of social-ecological systems proposed by Ostrom (2009). The objective is to analyse how cooperation and environmental sustainability are produced from beekeeping. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of articles published in the journal Ecology and Society between 1997 and 2019. It concludes with the importance of studying social capital to analyse cooperation. Also, that it is necessary to recognize the complexity of the context of analysis of beekeeping