Ficus Carica Research Articles

Chemical Constituents and Antidiabetic Activity of Dichloromethane Extract from Ficus carica Leaves.

To evaluate the dichloromethane extract of Ficus carica leaves (FCL) had a hypoglycemic impact in diabetic mice, as well as to identify the bioactive components in the extract and analyze their anti-hyperglycemia potential in HepG2 cells. The antidiabetic activity of dichloromethane extract of Ficus carica leaves was evaluated in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ,100 mg/kg) combined with high-fat diet. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, oral glucose tolerance, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and pathological change effects of the extract were measured after administering two doses of the extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg). On the other hand, we used column chromatography to isolate the dichloromethane extract, and we structurally identified the compounds based on 1H NMR and 3C NMR spectra. The hypoglycemic activity of isolated compounds was investigated in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. FCL extract lowers blood glucose and improves blood lipids and the pancreatic β-cell also tend to recover whether the psoralen is removed or not. Meanwhile, three coumarins except psoralen were isolated from dichloromethane extract: 3,4-dihydropsoralen, umbelliferone and 7-hydroxyl-6-methylcoumarin. Psoralen and umbelliferone promoted glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. In vivo experiments, dichloromethane extract of FCL has potential antidiabetic activity, mainly by lowering blood glucose, improving blood lipids, glucose tolerance and repairing pancreatic islet damage, which justifies its use in the treatment of diabetes in Spanish folklore. Additionally, in vitro experiments, psoralen and umbelliferone demonstrated substantial glucose-lowering activity.

Comparison of Chemical and Biological Control Techniques to Stem Rot Fusarium Spp. On Fig Seedlings (Ficus Carica L.) as an Effort to Substitute Agrochemical Inputs in Environmentally Friendly Control

Figs have many benefits to treat various health problems, so it is necessary to breed vegetatively so that the production of figs can increase in the future. Fig nurseries have problems with the success of seedlings caused by stem rot disease due to the attack of pathogen Fusarium spp. This study aims to determine the ability of chemical and biological control techniques in suppressing the intensity of stem rot disease caused by pathogen Fusarium spp., as well as looking for substitution of agrochemical inputs for environmentally friendly disease control. The research was conducted at greenhouse faculty of agriculture, Batik Islamic University of Surakarta, from September 15, 2020 to December 23, 2020. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL), with 6 types of control technique treatments, consisting of control, biological Trichoderma spp., biological Gliocladium spp., biological Corynebacterium spp., biological PGPR, and chemical Mankozeb, which was repeated 3 times and 3 times subrepannant. Observation consists of the parameters of the incubation period of the disease, the incidence of the disease, and the severity of the disease. The results showed that the treatment of biological control techniques was able to reduce the intensity of disease attacks with the best results obtained in trichoderma spp biological control agents (APH). which is able to delay the incubation period of the disease up to 48.89hsi, reduce the incidence of the disease by 88.89%, and reduce the severity of the disease by up to 97.78% because it has antagonism abilities in the form of competition mechanisms, mycoparasites, and antibiosis. Ability APH Trichoderma spp. can be an alternative solution to substitute agrochemical inputs in disease control that is more environmentally friendly and sustainable and can maintain natural balance in agroecosystems

Performance, haematological and serum indices of broiler chicken fed fig leaf powder and vitamin c supplemented diets

Performance, haematological and serum chemistry of two broiler chicken breeds fed Ficus carica leaf powder and vitamin C supplemented diets were evaluated. Four hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks (240 Arbor Acre and 240 Cobb 500) were allotted to eight treatments: diets 1 and 2 had no supplementation and fed to Arbor Acre and Cobb 500, respectively; diets 3 and 4 were supplemented with 200mg/kg vitamin C and fed to Arbor Acre and Cobb 500, respectively; diets 5 and 6 were supplemented with 1% Ficus carica leaf powder and fed to Arbor Acre and Cobb 500; while diets 7 and 8 were supplemented with 200mg/kg Vitamin C + 1% Ficus carica leaf powder and fed to Arbor Acre and Cobb 500, respectively. The result showed that feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significant. Also, the interaction of breed, vitamin C and Ficus carica leaf powder showed significance on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The interaction of vitamin C and Ficus carica leaf powder showed significance on packed cell volume, red blood cell, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, white blood cell, granulocytes and lymphocytes. The different treatments also showed significance on aspertate aminotransferase, creatinine, cholesterol, globulin and total protein. Thus, the supplementation of broiler diets with Ficus carica leaf powder and vitamin C improved the performance as well as the haematological indices and serum chemistry of the tested birds.

First Identification of Fig Virus A and Fig Virus B in Ficus carica in Italy.

Extracts of double-stranded RNA from three fig cultivars from an Apulian (Southern Italy) germplasm collection were used for high-throughput sequencing and revealed the presence of two distinct, recently described closteroviruses. Sequences obtained from these Apulian isolates belong to fig virus A and fig virus B and cover 38 and 25% of their RNA genome, respectively. Primer sets designed on selected contigs confirmed the presence of each virus in infected plants. A close phylogenetic relationship, investigated in a fragment of HSP70h protein, occurs among these isolates and the reference genomes. A nucleotide divergence (ranging from 10 to 30% along the different genes) was observed among our isolates and the reference genomes. This is the first finding of these virus species in autochthonous fig accessions in Europe.

Characterization and management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causing basal kernel blight of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Globally, basal kernel blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) has been recognized as the most serious diseaseo of barley. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based gene sequencing is a more powerful tool to identify bacterial pathogens from seeds as well as other plant materials. The disease can be controlled by chemical treatment in the field which has harmful consequences on the environment and biodiversity. The application of plant extracts for the eco-friendly management of seed-borne pathogens is a popular new biocontrol method. Therefore, this study aimed at isolating and identifying PSS from seeds of barley and assessing the antimicrobial potential of the extracts of some plants viz., Citrus limon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ricinus communis, Psidium guajava, Murraya koenigii, Withania somnifera, Eucalyptus globulus and Tecomella undulata to promote effective biocontrol strategy. A total of 28 bacterial pathogens were isolated and tested for various biochemical tests. Results of the LOPAT test (+---+) and GATTa test (++--) primarily indicated the presence of PSS. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on PCR-amplified products with 8F and 1492R primers. The two isolates HV 03 and KASS showed 99.8 and 99.6% homology with strain PSS strain KFB 86 which was isolated from Ficus carica in Serbia. The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with methanol extract of W. somnifera, P. guajava, E. globulus and M. koenigii. The results specified that the plant extracts which showed promising antibacterial activity may be considered an effective tool for the management of disease caused by PSS in barley.

Effectiveness of Fig Leaf Extract (Ficus Carica L.) in Lowering Blood Glucose in Mice (Mus Musculus)

Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) is a plant that has antidiabetic properties, because fig leaves contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. This study aims to determine the extract of fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) in lowering blood glucose in mice (Mus musculus). Extraction is carried out by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent, then evaporated using Rotavapor. This study used alloxane as a diabetes inducer, the dose of fig leaf extract tested was 5%, 10% and 15% given orally. Observations were made on day 3 and day 7. As a positive control used Glibenclamide and Na. CMC 1% w/v as a negative control. The results showed an average percent reduction in blood glucose levels for negative controls by 18.6%, for 5% extracts by 29.1%, for 10% extracts by 46.6%, for 15% extracts by 83.9% and for positive controls by 45.8%. The results of research have been obtained that the administration of Fig Leaf extract (Ficus carica L.) is proven to reduce blood glucose levels in mice (Mus musculus) induced by alloxane at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%. In the One-way ANOVA test, it shows a significant value (p < 0.05) showing a significant difference in each contract. It can be concluded that fig leaves can be a potential alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus with the right concentration can be an effective and natural treatment option.

Combined Effects of Climate and Pests on Fig (Ficus carica L.) Yield in a Mediterranean Region: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Strategies

Fig cultivation has long been an agricultural tradition in the Mediterranean region, providing economic and social benefits to local communities. Understanding fig tree yield response to the rapid invasions of fig pests and shifts in climatic conditions is essential for developing appropriate sustainable agricultural strategies. In this context, we investigate whether rapid changes in climate and pest invasions have had a combined effect on fig (Ficus carica L.) tree yield. We used data collected over 10 years in Bejaïa province, Algeria, and conducted a regression analysis to investigate the relationship between fig tree yield and two key factors. Results revealed a significant warming trend (0.057 °C yr−1), and a decrease in precipitation (−27.1 mm yr−1), in the region. Multiple pests, including pathogenic fungi (Diaporthe cinerascens, Fusarium spp.) and ravaging bark beetles (Hypocryphalus scabricollis), have spread in the region. Fig tree yield declined by 25% during the study period and was affected by both factors. Our findings provide valuable insights that can aid farmers and practitioners in mitigating risks that arise from the combined effects of climate change and pest invasions, thereby promoting sustainable farming practices.

Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activity in Lipid Absorption Using Traditional Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris.

Tea with Bioactive Substances from Ficus carica L. Leaves as Prepared in Traditional Medicine by the Kabylia People (Algeria)

The main objective of this study is to optimize and analyze the bioactive substances of functional tea prepared from Ficus carica L. leaves according to the traditional practices in Kabylia regions (Tipaza and Tizi-Ouzou). The optimal extraction conditions of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin content (TC), and total chlorophyll content (TCC) were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The main results show that the optimum extraction conditions were 18.36 min at 41.15 °C with a particle size of 52.27 µm. Other therapeutic effects have to be revealed and demonstrated. The prepared tea characterized by a high TPC value of about 203.713 g GAE/100 g d.b.

Irrigation Depth and Potassium Doses Affect Fruit Yield and Quality of Figs (Ficus carica L.)

The need to diversify agricultural production has fostered the cultivation of several crops under environmental conditions atypical to their origin, justifying the extreme importance of studies on the agricultural management of crops in semiarid regions. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation depth and potassium doses on fig quality under semiarid conditions. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 4 split-split-plot design, in randomized block design, with three replicates. The plots corresponded to four irrigation levels (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% ETc), the subplots consisted of four potassium doses (0, 60, 120, and 240 g K2O plant−1), and the sub-subplot corresponded to the crop years (2018/19 and 2019/20). Results showed that water deficit reduced fig productivity, and the irrigation levels equal to or greater than 100% ETc performed cumulatively throughout the growing cycles. Therefore, irrigation depths from 85.19% to 95.16% ETc are recommended for greater water-use efficiency and fruit quality. Furthermore, potassium fertilization mitigated water stress in fig plants, allowing for reduced irrigation levels, especially in the second year, without compromising fruit traits.

Characterising Colour Feature Descriptors for Ficus carica L. Ripeness Classification Based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Excessive feature dimensions impact the effectiveness of machine learning, computationally expensive and the analysis of feature correlations in the engineering area. This paper uses the colour descriptor to get the most optimal feature to improve time consumption and efficiency. This study investigated Ficus carica L. (figs) with three classification stages. The ripening classification of fig was examined using colour features descriptor with two different colour models, RGB and HSV. In addition, the machine learning classification model based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that utilised the Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) model to classify the ripeness of fig is considered in this characterisation. Five different numbers of binning were characterised for RGB and HSV. Both colour feature descriptors were compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and time consumption to identify the dimension of the optimal feature. Based on the result, reducing the size of images will improve the time consumption with comparable accuracy. Moreover, the reduction of features dimension cannot be too small or too big due to inequitable enough to differentiate the ripeness stages and lead to a false error state. The optimal features dimension in binning for RGB was 8 (R/G/B) bins with 96.7% accuracy. Meanwhile, 96.7% accuracy for HSV at 15, 5, and 5 (H, S, V) bins as optimal colour features.

Anticancer activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane, and the ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaves (Ficus carica l.) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

Background: Breast cancer is ranked as the second-highest cause of death in Indonesia. Many of the available cancer treatments result in severe adverse effects for patients. Tin (Ficus carica L.) leaves contain ingredients that can function as anticancer agents. Objective: The study aims to identify phytochemical secondary metabolites in tin leaves and the cytotoxic activity of the extract and tin leaf fraction on MCF-7 cells. Method: Tin leaf powder was macerated with 70% ethanol for 7 days. The extracts were fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. An identification test with ethanol extract was then carried out using spray reagents. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was determined using the MTT method. Result: The results of the identification with TLC found that the ethanol extract of tin leaves contains flavonoids and steroids. The ethyl acetate fraction of tin leaf was thought to have weak cytotoxic properties with an IC50 value of 274.5877 ug/mL while the ethanol extract and n-heksan fraction of tin leaf do not have cytotoxic properties because they have an IC50 value of 562.827 and 576.3552 ug/mL. Conclusion: Based on the results, tin leaves have the potency to be developed as a chemopreventive agent for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Keywords: Breast Cancer, MCF-7 cells, tin leaf (Ficus carica), cytotoxic activity

Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of Vitex negundo and Ficus carica leaf extracts

Humans have been dependent on nature for various vital supplies and resources for a long time. Most biotechnological and pharmacological industries use chemicals and active compounds to treat diseases or make medications isolated from natural resources. A variety of plants have been explored for research of which Vitex negundo and Ficus carica are also examples as they are strong candidates for their potential antioxidant properties. In the current research, the anti-oxidant activities of V. negundo and F. carica leaf extracts were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of selected plants were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assay. The results obtained from the DPPH assay indicated that methanolic extracts of V. negundo showed the highest inhibition of 90.07±1.17 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 415.98 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (64.05±0.89 and 54.39±0.99 percent, respectively) with IC50 value of 751.96 µg/ml and 896.55 µg/ml when compared to F. carica extracts which showed highest inhibition of 75.75±1.08 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 475 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (51.94±0.79 and 44.21±0.60 percent respectively) with IC50 value of 967.51 µg/ml and 1092.48 µg/ml. On comparing both plants, FRAP results indicated that methanol extracts of V. negundo showed the highest FRAP value (1042.1±0.98 µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 996.6±1.25 µM and 949.6±1.63 µM at 1000 µl whereas F. carica showed highest FRAP value (995.6±1.35µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 987.6±1.05µM and 447.6±1.01µM at 1000 µl. The results of the study can be concluded that among the tested extracts, the best antioxidant potential was exhibited with V. negundo leaf extracts, especially in methanol extracts.

The use of medicinal plants for combating breast cancer: A comprehensive review

Breast carcinoma is a common illness among females. Various therapies, including hormone therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatment, have been available to treat existing breast cancer. These therapies can potentially halt the development and spread of cancer, especially if the disease is at an early stage, but all these treatments have various adverse effects on human health. Cancer cells proliferate more rapidly than most normal cells, so chemotherapy is the most suitable treatment. Certain medications can cease dividing cells by destroying the cell's control center region. Other drugs can inhibit the chemical processes essential for cell division. On the contrary, because cancer is frequently identified at a late phase, treating the disease is extraordinarily challenging. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid this fatal condition from occurring. Multiple studies have revealed a continuous inverse connection between cancer and natural materials, such as plant extracts, their fractions, and active principles. These bioactive phytochemicals' have synergistic or cumulative effects in the treatment of cancer disease. This review article examined the effect of various extracts/fractions/active principles obtained from diverse plant origins against breast cancer disease. Information regarding the most commonly used plants, including Alpina galaga, Urtica dioica, Annona muricata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ficus carica, Nigella sativa, Murraya koenigii, and Urtica dioica have been presented in this study. Owing to the information in this study, these plants exhibited anticancer activities in preclinical MCF-7 carcinoma models by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing programmed cell death, and triggering cell-cycle arrest. The information generated from this review will significantly contribute to developing knowledge of the scientific and medical communities in developing innovative breast cancer treatments.

An In vitro Analysis of Ficus carica’s Antioxidant Potential

Since antiquity, plants naturally produce free radical scavengers and they act as potential source of antioxidants. Researchers show huge interest towards the traditional uses of medicinal plants against ailment related to oxidative stress. The present analysis measures the antioxidant capacity of Ficus carica fruits (Sample A - Pulp with seeds and Sample B - Pulp). Therefore, ethanol extracts of Ficus carica fruits were assessed for determining their anti-oxidative potentials using both free radical scavenging and reducing ability assays which is compared with standard ascorbic acid (control). Results strongly suggest that ethanol extract of fig possess a good antioxidant potential, moreover Sample A - fig pulp with seed possess a better antioxidant activity when compared to pulp alone. This finding is useful for further advancements in the fields of food supplements, food additives and drug synthesis in future.

A Comparative Study of Phytochemical Screening and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Ficus carica Linn. Leaves Extracts

This study focused on two extraction solvents and the examination of antioxidant with the most reliable antioxidant activity test. Furthermore, this study aimed to compare the phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of two Ficus carica Linn. extracts using the local (Indonesian) Ficus carica Linn. plant as the sample. The extraction was conducted by maceration technique using two organic solvents, namely methanol, and ethanol. The phytochemical screening of these extracts was conducted on several metabolite classes, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined with gallic acid and quercetin, respectively for standards. The antioxidant activity assay was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method with ascorbic acid as the comparative standard. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed positive results for all tested metabolite classes, however, the methanol extract showed a negative result to alkaloids compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were 33.93 ± 0.31, 40.76 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g and 26.28 ± 0.20, 24.35 ± 0.31 mg QE/g for both ethanol and methanol extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the assay showed that both extracts had strong antioxidant activity, however, the methanol extract is slightly higher. The result also showed that methanol extract of F. carica Linn. leaves has fewer phytochemical compounds but demonstrates higher antioxidant activity compared to the ethanolic extract.

Analysis of Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K) Contents in Tin Fruits (Ficus carica Linn)

Tin Fruits (Ficus carica Linn) are typical Middle Eastern plants that have been cultivated in Indonesia. Tin fruits are rich in minerals, especially calcium and potassium. In addition, they also contain benzaldehyde which is beneficial against cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of calcium and potassium contained in tin fruits. Determination of calcium and potassium contents using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed an analysis of the water content of the sample obtained was 89.065 %, ash content was 1.0165 % and biomass content was 9.9185 %. While the analysis of calcium contents at a wavelength of 422.7 nm and potassium at a wavelength of 766.5 nm respectively obtained that an average yield of calcium was 354.97 mg/100g and 752.68 mg/100g for potassium. The results of this study are expected to be able to attract the interest of the community to cultivate tin fruits, especially in Central Sulawesi.

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Association Analysis of Female and Male Fig Genotypes (Ficus carica L.)

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Association Analysis of Female and Male Fig Genotypes (Ficus carica L.)

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for Primary Health Care from Patan Sher Khan and Surrounding Areas of District Sudhnoti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Life on mountains is difficult and people depend on medicinal plants for primary health care. Many of mountain areas of Azad Kashmir are unexplored from taxonomic and ethnobotanical point of view. This study was conducted to document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants of village Patan Sher Khan and allied areas of District Sudhnuti Azad Kashmir Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted during March 2020 to March 2021 for collection of medicinal plants knowledge following standard ethnobotanical methods. A total of 120 key informants were interviewed by using semi-structured questioners. The data were analyzed through ethnobotanical indices i.e., Relative frequency of citation (RFC), Use value (UV), Informant consensus factor (ICF) and Fidelity level (FL). A total of 37 medicinal plant species belonging to 32 genera and 25 families were recorded during the study. Dominant ethnomedicinal families were Fabaceae with 4 species followed by Moraceae and Rosaceae with 3 species each. Leaves were the most frequently used parts (36 %) and decoction was preferred medicinal preparation (19 use reports). Highest relative frequency of citation was recorded for Ficus palmata (0.15) followed by Melia azedarchta (0.14) and highest use value was found for Dodonaea viscosa (0.58). The most valuable plant species of the study area are Ficus carica with 8 use reports and 48 use citations, Bauhinia variegata with 7 use reports and 45 use citations. The maximum value of FL was recorded for Berberis lyceum (100 %) and Plantago lanceolate, (100%). Based on documented data the reported ailments were grouped into 9 categories, The ICF values ranges between 0. 33 (sexual) to 0.90 (teeth and urinary). Medicinal plant knowledge is still alive and large papulation of area still depend on medicinal plants for primary healthcare. But medicinal plant knowledge is declining especially among younger people. Hence, there is an urgent need to document such precious knowledge by continuous ethnobotanical studies.

Antimicrobial properties and biotransforming ability of fungal endophytes from Ficus carica L. (Moraceae)

ABSTRACT The endophytic fungal community associated with leaves of Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) from Argentina was investigated. Fifteen fungal isolates were isolated and identified by molecular methods into the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Myrothecium, Neofusicoccum, Nigrospora, Preussia and Ustilago. Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia lunata were the most frequently isolated species. The fungal metabolic profiles were obtained by automated TLC and NMR and analysed by PC Analysis. Antifungal and antibacterial activity was assessed by bioautographic assays. In addition, the biotransforming ability of the fungal isolates was tested on F. carica extracts. Five isolates (33.3%) exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the microorganisms tested. Most of the fungal endophytes were able to metabolise the flavonoid rutin 1, and the coumarin psoralen 3 present in F. carica extracts. Further investigations of the psoralen biotransforming ability performed by the selected endophyte Alternaria alternata F8 showed the accumulation of the 6,7-furan-hydrocoumaric acid derivative 4 as the main biotransformation product. Our results corroborate that F. carica can live symbiotically with rich and diverse endophytic communities adding insights about their ecological interactions.