Phaseolus Vulgaris Research Articles

Differential spatial plasticity response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root architecture under water stress is driven by increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers

Root plasticity enables plants to adapt to spatial and temporal changes in soil resources. In this study, 40 common bean genotypes evaluated for two root and shoot traits under irrigated and water stress. Three genotypes WB-216, WB-N-2, and WB-966 with contrasting plasticity responses were used for in-depth study. Highest positive plasticity for most root traits was found in case of WB-N2 and WB-216, whereas, WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits recorded. In terms of spatial plasticity for root traits in three root length sections, WB-216 was positively plastic for root diameter with progressive decrease from top to bottom sections. WB-N2 had positive plasticity values for root diameter, root surface area and root volume. WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits. For WB-216, the root diameter increased under drought in S1 but was almost same in bottom sections. In case of WB-N2, there was increase in root diameter in S2 and S3, but for WB-966, root diameter decreased in all sections. Similar trend was observed in all three genotypes for root surface area and volume. We report that major drivers of spatial plasticity of root architectural traits are increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers.

Epidemiology and Management of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) in Traditional Phaseolus vulgaris L. Landraces within Protected Geographical Indications

Protected geographical indications (PGIs) share health problems related to plant propagation material. The PGI “Faba de Lourenzá” encompasses a 1660 km2 area in northern Galicia, Spain, renowned for its “Faba Galaica” (FG) and Faba do marisco” (FM) bean cultivars. The lack of certified virus-free seeds poses a challenge. From 2019 to 2023, seeds from 60 lots were tested for BCMV. Plants from several plots were tested periodically to develop disease progress curves (DPCs). Control methods (plots out PGI zone, virus-free seedlings, rogueing, corn borders, and intercropping) were tested. Yields in five plots were used to assess BCMV’s economic impact. Seed lots were 22.3% FG-infected and <5% FM-infected. The transmission rate of BCMV from infected FG plants to their seeds was 25.5 ± 5%, while for FM it was 12 ± 3%. FG yield losses were on average 31.6 ± 4.5%. Combining virus-free seedlings and infected plant removal in plots outside the PGI area proved effective at reducing infection rates; combining with intercropping resulted in the lowest incidence in an FG plot. Farmer training and off-site plot selection to produce healthy sowing beans are key to improving results.

Evaluation and Participatory Variety Selection of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties in Dawro Zone, South Western Region of Ethiopia

Farmers in the study area exhibit a unique tendency to choose varieties based on selection criteria rather than tested yields in the district. To ensure farmer participation, a study was conducted on six farmers’ farms, utilizing farmers as replicas in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Ten common bean crop varieties underwent evaluation on these farms to assess varieties in terms of farmer participation and identify priority criteria during the 2019 and 2020 production years. Plot sizes were standardized to 4m plot lengths with inter and intra-spacing of 40cm and 10cm, respectively. The seed and NPSB fertilizer rate were set at 100kg/ha and 122kg/ha, respectively. Significant differences were (P<0.05) were observed among treatments for plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, and yield over two years. Notably, the common bean varieties Remeda, DAB 96, and SER 119 yielded 1641, 1601, and 1588.7kg/ha, respectively. Additionally, the farmers in the district preferred red-seeded varieties for production and consumption due to superior seed per pod, pod per plant, seed size, seed color, and seed yield. Moreover, these farmers preferred varieties established tolerance to major common bean diseases which were common in the district. Consequently, these high-yielding, farmers preferred, and disease-tolerant varieties are recommended for demonstration and large-scale production in the study regions and agro-ecological zones similar to those the trial was implemented in south western region of Ethiopia.

Field evaluation of biostimulants on growth, flowering, yield, and quality of snap beans in subtropical environment

The cultivation of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in subtropical regions faces environmental challenges leading to potential declines in yield. This study explores the efficacy of biostimulants as a solution, specifically investigating spraying treatments with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), chitosan (Ch), triacontanol (TRIA), and potassium silicate (KSi) on the snap bean cv. Paulista. Over two growing seasons with late sowing and elevated summer temperatures, the research assesses growth, flowering, yield, and quality. Notably, 5 ppm TRIA demonstrates the most significant impact on plant growth and leaf nutrient content. Treatments with 40 ppm 6-BA, 5 ppm TRIA, or 200 ppm KSi exhibit notable effects on inflorescence flower count and flowers per plant. These treatments prove most effective for crucial green pod yield measures, including the number and weight of marketable pods. Moreover, 40 ppm 6-BA or 5 ppm TRIA significantly enhances pod characteristics, such as length, diameter, and weight, consistently improving over both seasons. Particularly, 5 ppm TRIA outperforms in enhancing the chemical quality of pods throughout the study. Overall, the findings suggest that the application of 5 ppm TRIA offers the most favorable enhancements for the growth, flowering, productivity, and quality of snap bean plants in subtropical field conditions.

Conventional management has a greater negative impact on Phaseolus vulgaris L. rhizobia diversity and abundance than water scarcity.

Drought is one of the biggest problems for crop production and also affects the survival and persistence of soil rhizobia, which limits the establishment of efficient symbiosis and endangers the productivity of legumes, the main source of plant protein worldwide. Since the biodiversity can be altered by several factors including abiotic stresses or cultural practices, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water availability, plant genotype and agricultural management on the presence, nodulation capacity and genotypic diversity of rhizobia. A field experiment was conducted with twelve common bean genotypes under irrigation and rain-fed conditions, both in conventional and organic management. Estimation of the number of viable rhizobia present in soils was performed before the crop establishment, whereas the crop yield, nodule number and the strain diversity of bacteria present in nodules were determined at postharvest. Rainfed conditions reduced the number of nodules and of isolated bacteria and their genetic diversity, although to a lesser extent than the agrochemical inputs related to conventional management. In addition, the effect of water scarcity on the conventional management soil was greater than observed under organic conditions. The preservation of diversity will be a key factor to maintain crop production in the future, as problems caused by drought will be exacerbated by climate change and organic management can help to maintain the biodiversity of soil microbiota, a fundamental aspect for soil health and quality.

Diversity, abundance, and domain architecture of plant NLR proteins in Fabaceae

The resistance (R) gene family in plants is a vital component of the plant defense system, enabling host resistance against pathogens through interactions with pathogen effector proteins. These R genes often encode nucleotide-binding (NB-ARC or N) and leucine-rich-repeat (LRR or L) domains, collectively forming the NLR protein family. The NLR proteins have been widely explored in crops from Poaceae and Brassicaceae, but limited studies are available for crops in other families, including Fabaceae. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of putative NLR proteins in nine Fabaceae crops, including Glycine max, Lupinus angustifolius, Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium pratense, Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata, and Vigna unguiculata. Our study revealed a substantial variation in the number of NLR proteins, independent of genome size. Notably, the NB-ARC domain exhibited a preferential co-occurrence with a specific LRR domain (IPR001611) in Fabaceae. Furthermore, through protein signature analysis, we identified both species-specific and shared domains across the nine crops. By classifying the identified proteins into seven distinct classes (N, L, CN, TN, NL, CNL, and TNL), we observed species-specific clustering within the CN, TN, and CNL classes, reflecting the diversification of species within Fabaceae. This genome-wide study enhances our understanding of the NLR protein repertoire and comprehensive protein signatures in nine Fabaceae species and provides valuable insights into plant defense mechanisms.

Lysinibacillus sphaericus Isolated from Dolomite and Copper Ore Contaminated Kaljani River Basin Exhibits High Copper Tolerance and Plant Growth Promoting Property

The purpose of this present study is to explore and decipher copper tolerant plant growth promoting bacteria from dolomite contaminated soil. Lysinibacillus sphaericus (NJCT1) isolated from tea garden soil near Kaljani river bank has been found to exhibit multifaceted characteristics and has shown its ability to tolerate copper up-to 40 mg/ml. Further, its ability to tolerate other heavy metals were also assessed and the result revealed that it can tolerate iron, zinc and aluminum upto 100 mg/ml, while for lead and arsenic it showed tolerance upto 10 mg/ml. GC-MS analysis showed that L. sphaericus (NJCT1) produced 16 compounds, among them, tromethamine, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione, 2-piperidinone, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acetate and cis-3-hexenyl propionate were found to exhibit various important biological properties. Also, this isolate was positive for phosphate solubilization and is capable of producing ammonia, HCN, siderophore, and 17.12 µg/ml of indole acetic acid. In seed germination, seeds treated with NJCT1 demonstrated 100% germination rate with 111-time increase in seedling vigor index. Further, in pot study, significant increase in all the growth parameters of NJCT1 treated Vigna radiata and Phaseolus vulgaris gave a strong indication that this strain can be a promising candidate for reclamation and revitalization of dolomite and copper ore affected tea garden soil.

Phaseolus vulgaris Extract Combined With a Low-Calorie Diet Positively Modulates Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Subjects With Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Phaseolus vulgaris Extract Combined With a Low-Calorie Diet Positively Modulates Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Subjects With Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Response of some Varieties of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L. in the Plastic House and Spraying with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Vegetative Growth Qualities

Response of some Varieties of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L. in the Plastic House and Spraying with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Vegetative Growth Qualities

Experimental and artificial intelligence optimization of paint wastewater (PWW) coagulation using novel Phaseolus vulgaris seed extract (PVSE)

This study investigated the application of artificial intelligence algorithms (AIA) in the coagulation treatment of paint wastewater anchored by novel Phaseolus vulgaris seed extract (PVSE). Untreated wastewater discharge harms the ecosystem, and therefore harmful industrial effluent, such as paint wastewater, must be brought to safe discharge levels before being released into the environment. In addition to AIA, comprehensive characterization tests, coagulation kinetics, and process optimization were also executed. Characterization results revealed that total solid in the PWW was above allowable standard, justifying the need for effective particle decontamination. The XRD and FTIR characterization indicated that PVSE structure is amorphous with abundant amine groups. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) obtained from process modeling indicated that the coagulation-flocculation process was a nonlinear quadratic system (F-value = 45.51) which was mostly influenced by PVSE coagulant dosage (F-value = 222.48; standardized effect = 14.85). Artificial intelligence indicated that neural network training effectively captured the nonlinear nature of the system in ANN (RMSE = 0.00040194; R = 0.98497), and ANFIS (RMSE = 0.003961) algorithms. Regression coefficient obtained from process modeling highlighted the suitability of RSM (0.9662), ANN (0.9739), and ANFIS (0.9718) in forecasting the coagulation-flocculation process, while comparative statistical appraisal authenticated the superiority of ANN model over RSM and ANFIS models. The coagulation kinetics experiment, which used a coagulation kinetic model, revealed a constant flocculation constant (Kf-value) for all jar test batches and a strong association between the Menkonu coagulation-flocculation constant (Km) and Kf values. Best removal efficiency of 97.01 % was obtained using ANN coupled genetic algorithm optimization (ANN-GA) at PVSE dosage of 4 g/L, coagulation time of 29 min and temperature of 25.1oC.

Phenolic Compounds Identified in Extracts From Unique Mexican Common Beans Present Anti-aging Potential: In-Silico and In-Vitro

Phenolic Compounds Identified in Extracts From Unique Mexican Common Beans Present Anti-aging Potential: In-Silico and In-Vitro

Inoculum sources and management of bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli

AbstractBean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya. However, knowledge about its epidemiology and management is limited. This study conducted three experiments in Kakamega, Kenya, evaluating scab inoculum sources and control options. The first experiment evaluated three different inoculum sources over two seasons; bean crop residue caused the highest scab incidence in both the 2021 (62.1%) and 2022 (81.1%) seasons. The second experiment assessed the effect of rotation history on scab over three seasons. Scab incidence consistently surpassed 90% within the first 30 days after planting in half‐yearly rotated fields across all seasons, while the disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes. Fields rotated out of legumes consistently had the highest grain yield, averaging 1.5 t ha−1 over the seasons. Additionally, the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons. In the third experiment, the impact of five fungicides and four cropping systems on bean scab was investigated over two seasons. Neither fungicide treatments nor cropping systems had an effect on bean scab incidence even when only severe symptoms were considered. Carbendazim had the highest yield (1.9 t ha−1) outperforming the unsprayed control only in the 2022 season while none of the other fungicides outperformed the control treatment in yield parameters in either season. This study emphasizes the challenge of managing bean scab without proper crop rotation and underscores the role of crop residue as a critical inoculum source.

Design and Fabrication of a Tractor- Drawn Multi-Crop Planter

The study was undertaken to design, fabricate multicrop planter capable of planting maize, common bean and sorghum seeds at predetermined spacing and depths. Physical properties of seeds involved in the study were investigated to optimize the design of the planter’s components. The planter, consists of a frame, seed hopper, seed metering devices, seed tube, adjustable furrow opener, adjustable furrow covering device, and drive wheels. The investigation revealed that the sphericity of maize, common bean and sorghum were 64.8, 72.4 and 81%, respectively. Percentages of mechanically seed damaged by the planter were zero for each crops. Germination test was conducted to assess the magnitude and extent of invisible seed damage inflicted by the planter indicated mean percentage seed germination of 98.5, 94.5 and 97.3% for maize, common bean, and sorghum, respectively. The reduction in percentage germination of maize, common bean and sorghum were zero, when compared with that did not passes through the machine for all the seeds tested. Based on the above results, it is concluded that the planter can be efficiently and effectively used by the majority of the farmers and other stakeholders in the study area.

Study of the nutritional quality of the seeds of two varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Congo

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a legume belonging to the order Fabales and the family Fabaceae and which is consumed throughout the world for its seeds and pods. The seeds of this species provide a source of dietary protein available in many parts of the world; this is why they are considered “poor man’s meat” because of their high protein content and low cost, compared to animal proteins. The present study relating to the study of the nutritional value of bean seeds cultivated in Bouenza (Boko-Songho) and in the Plateaux (in Lékana) is a contribution to responding to the need for characterization of these varieties. Thus the general objective of this study which is to establish the nutritional value of these two local varieties “Kikata blanc” and “Lekana” is to use the standards established by the AOAC to achieve this objective, namely: the oven to determine the water content, the Soxhlet method to extract the fat, the Kjedahl method to determine the total protein content, the muffle furnace to know the ash rate, we deduced the carbohydrate content and finally we used spectrometry to identify the minerals in the ashes. We obtained the following results: Contents: Water: 7.65% ±0.07; Lipids: 0.81% ±0.02; Proteins: 10.6% ±0.14; Carbohydrates: 76.68% ±0.06; Ashes: 76.68% ±0.06; Energy value: 356.41 Kcal/100g. Among the minerals sought, we obtained: Phosphorus: 0.50% ±0.007; Magnesium: 0.14% ±0.007; Calcium: 0.04% ±0.006; Iron: 0.01% ±0.00. The results of this study allowed us to see that these two plants have good nutritional values. In order to complete this study, it is appropriate to look for other minerals in the ashes from these seeds; to deepen the studies to know the factors responsible for the differences in the biochemical composition observed between the two varieties.

Response Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plant to Glomus mosseae and Azotobacter chroococcum

An experiment was performed to study the impact of Mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae) and Azotobacter chroococcum on the growth parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plant. The experimental methodology employed in this study was a factorial design, specifically a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The treatments consisted of four different biological fertilizers, namely: none-inoculated, inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), inoculated with Azotobacter, and a mixture of both (AMF+Azotobacter). The use of biofertilizers, whether used singly or in combination, resulted in improved germination rates, plant height, number of root nodes, as well as fresh and dry weights of both shoots and roots particularly (AMF + Azoto) treatment (96.33±1.52, 37.33±2.08, 50.00±2.00, 8.83±0.40, 3.90±0.20, 6.53±0.23, 2.30±0.20) respectively, compared to plants that were not infected. In addition, the dual treatment of the fungus AMF and the bacteria A. chroococcum was recorded a maximum mycorrhizal infection percentage of 90% compared with the control which recorded 20%. The results of this study suggest the existence of an additive or a synergistic relationship between Glomus mosseae and A.chroococcum.

Adaptation study of Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in moisture stress areas of Abergelle, Northern Ethiopia

Adaptation study of Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in moisture stress areas of Abergelle, Northern Ethiopia

EVALUATION OF CERTAIN BOTANICALS AGAINST PULSE BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) ON DIFFERENT PULSES

Pulses are regarded as the second most significant crop category globally and in many underdeveloped nations, they represent a major source of plant protein. Pulses can be used as a meat substitute that suffer losses from insect pests in both field and storage conditions. Among other pests, the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., causes significant losses when stored. In this instance, the efficacy against Callosobruchus chinensis L. was assessed using five readily available natural ingredients found locally: Neem, Mint, Garlic and Onion in powder form and in different doses (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%). On five distinct pulse seeds—Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Soyabean (Glycine max) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). The results revealed that the lowest weight loss was recorded from the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in Chickpea, Kidneybean, Lentil, Soyabean and Pigeonpea i.e.1.34%, 2.36%, 2.55%, 2.89% and 2.93%, respectively. Maximum was found in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Also, adult emergence was recorded minimum in seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in all pulses i.e. 26.22 % in Chickpea, 23.42% in Kidneybean, 19.24% in Lentil, 17.12% in Soyabean and 19.51% in Pigeonpea and maximum was recorded in seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Whereas, adult mortality was observed highest in the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) which was 81.23% in Chickpea, 77.24% in Kidneybean, 75.24% in Lentil, 71.23% in Soyabean and 68.34% in Pigeonpea while lowest was observed in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%).

Targeting the Coronavirus SARS‑CoV‑2’s Envelope, Nucleocapsid, and Spike/ Spike RBD Protein: Computational Insight from Multiple Bioactive Compounds as Potential Anti-Viral Drug Candidates

Global health, social, and economic systems have been seriously threatened by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to the increasing number of deaths, thousands of COVID-19 survivors continue to experience life-altering illness. This study aimed to evaluate multiple bioactive compounds from various indigenous medicinal plants against the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including the envelope, nucleocapsid, and spike/spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins, in search of potential antiviral drug candidates. Computational analysis was used to screen for binding affinities and assess chemical interactions between ligands and target proteins. The findings revealed the top three potential compounds to bind to the envelope protein (cafestol, kahweol, and ledene), nucleocapsid protein (cafestol, kahweol, and thearubigin), spike protein (tannic acid, eugeniin, and kahweol), and spike RBD protein (kahweol, cafestol, and tannic acid). Moreover, the study identified four types of plants that contain potential bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, including black tea (Camellia sinensis), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and star anise (Illicium verum). Interestingly, kahweol exhibited possible binding activity against all four target proteins. This result suggests that bioactive compounds from the listed medicinal plants could potentially be developed into antiviral drugs against COVID-19.

Integrating wastewater treatment to bio-stimulant & biochar generation for plant growth promotion using microalgae

The elevated level of pollutants in water highlights the urgency of effective wastewater treatment. Hence, the concern about the potential of microalgae as an economically and environmentally sustainable for wastewater treatment is addressed. Wastewater treatment using microalgae resulted in significant reductions in micropollutants by 82 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Iron (Fe) concentration was reduced by 99 %, while calcium (Ca) decreased by 25 %. Algal biomass obtained from wastewater is executed for biochar production and bio-stimulant preparation. Bio-stimulant treatment significantly enhanced seed germination and increased shoot and root lengths in maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) compared to the control. Conversely, seed germination was completely suppressed in both maize and beans in the presence of biochar of bio-stimulant treatment. The GC-MS and NMR analysis study revealed the presence of key compounds in the microalgal extract that have a great contribution to plant growth. Hence, the study concludes the multifaceted and potential application of microalgae as a remediation and bio-stimulant in a sustainable way.

Assessing The Toxicity Of Heavy Metals And Potential Tolerance Of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) While Monitoring The Population Dynamics Of The Associated Rhizobia

Microbially-assisted phytoremediation (MAP) is increasingly recognized as the feasible alternative for removing hazardous heavy metals (HMs) from contaminated environments. However, the dynamics of rhizobial-plant interactions during phytoremediation remain unclear. This study investigated the toxicity of some selected heavy metals (Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese), the potential tolerance of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in the HMs-rich effluents, and the population dynamics of the associated Rhizobia within the Katsina metropolis. After 80 samples of P. vulgaris collected from Lambun Sarki garden were exposed to 10 mL of 0.5-2g/L of Ni and Co and 5-20 g/L Mn, respectively, in mesocosms, and the plants treated with 10 mL HMs solutions daily, for three weeks. Indices of HMs toxicity on seeds and plants (4 and 3, respectively) were monitored in all treatments. Weekly rhizobial counts on Congo Red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (CRYEMA) were taken to monitor rhizobial population dynamics. Pure isolates obtained after three iterations were identified biochemically. One-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analyses using AnalyStat (version 1.6.50). Generally, Ni exerts the highest toxicity, with Mn having less toxicity. Average rhizobial counts increased weekly, with high counts obtained in Ni and Mn treatments. However, they did not differ significantly between weeks (p = 0.061). Thus, longer time intervals (>2 weeks) are required to observe significant shifts in population dynamics. Moreover, HMs concentration did not affect the colony counts (p = 1.00). Metabolism profile of the preliminarily identified Rhizobium sp. and Sinorrhizobium melliloti evidenced HMs removal and plant growth promotion ability. The research demonstrated the phytoremediation ability of P. vulgaris and how rhizospheric population dynamics change during phytoremediation and contributed towards understanding HMs impact as environmental stressors on rhizospheric plant-microbe interactions. Future research targeting the hyperaccumulation capacity of the plants and heavy metals tolerance of the identified rhizobia are recommended, as this may help in knowing the BCF, TF, and BAC of the plants as well as the tolerable amount of the heavy metals to the bacteria