Commodity Packaging Research Articles

Research on the Design Practice of Chinese Tourism Commodity Packaging under the Background of “Cultural Convergence”

This study explores the homogenization problem in the packaging design of Chinese tourism commodities, and proposes how to convey regional culture through packaging design to enhance the cultural attributes and market competitiveness of tourism commodities under the background of “cultural convergence”. It analyzes the evolution process of Chinese tourism commodity packaging, and summarizes the four major design themes of scenic spots, ethnic customs, history and culture, and materials and crafts and their problems. Through design practice, this paper proposes to use packaging forms with regional characteristics to give tourism commodities deep cultural connotations, so as to avoid “cultural convergence” in packaging forms. The study emphasizes that, in the context of globalization, how to balance the transmission of regional culture with the demands of aesthetics and practicality is the core issue of packaging design for Chinese tourist commodities.

An improved YOLOv7 method to identify epidermal defects in mature litchi

Automatic detection of defects in mature litchi plays a vital role in the classification of fruit grades. The existing method mainly relies on manual, it is difficult to meet the needs of different varieties of litchi various types of commodity packaging, and there are problems such as low efficiency, high cost and poor quality of goods. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an improved You Only Look Once(YOLO)v7 algorithm for the automatic detection of post-harvest mature litchi epidermal defects. First, a dataset of litchi defects (black spot, fall off, crack) was constructed, in which the train and test sets had 4133 and 516; Next, A Simple Parameter-Free Attention(SimAM) mechanism is introduced into the original YOLOv7 backbone network, while GSconv is used in the neck instead of convolution, and the shallow network is used instead of the deep network for lateral linking, finally, the Mish function is used as the activation function. Experimental results show the precious and mAP of the original YOLOv7 are 87.66% and 88.98%, and those of the improved YOLOv7 are 91.56% and 93.42%, improvements of 3.9% and 4.44%. A good foundation is laid for the automated classification of ripe litchi after harvesting.

TC@MF phase change microcapsules with reversibly thermochromic property for temperature response and thermoregulation

A series of reversibly thermochromic phase-change microcapsules (TC@MF), demonstrating excellent energy storage and release properties, were synthesized using melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) encapsulated ternary complex consisting of crystal violet lactone (CVL), 2,2-Di-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (BPA), and n-hexadecanol. The microstructure, chemical composition, thermal storage capacity, thermal cycling durability, discoloration effect, and thermal regulation performance of TC@MF with different core contents were investigated in detail. With core contents gradually increasing, the chromatic aberration values (ΔE) value of TC@MF increased from 38.23 to 71.69, the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) gradually increased from 180.2 J/g to 218.6 J/g while the leak-proof performance decreased gradually. The TC@MF-2 with the best comprehensive performance has exhibited superior latent heat storage (ΔHm = 192.2 J/g), high chromatic aberration values (ΔE = 57.31), and well leak-proof properties (5.61 %). Furthermore, the thermal performance, morphology, and reversible color reliability of TC@MF-2 remained stable through 100 thermal heating and cooling cycles, demonstrating excellent thermal cycling stability. In summary, such multifunctional microcapsules can directly reflect the energy saturation and depletion states in phase change material applications through color changes. That might be conducive to expanding the value of its practical application in the field of latent heat energy storage, including smart fabrics or fibers, commodity packaging, thermal sensors, reversible thermochromic coatings and solar energy storage, and so on.

Computer-Aided Optimization Design of Intelligent Commodity Packaging Based on Generative Adversarial Network

Computer-Aided Optimization Design of Intelligent Commodity Packaging Based on Generative Adversarial Network

Anomalous Behavior Detection with Spatiotemporal Interaction and Autoencoder Enhancement

To reduce the cargo loss rate caused by abnormal consumption behavior in smart retail cabinets, two problems need to be solved. The first is that the diversity of consumers leads to a diversity of actions contained in the same behavior, which makes the accuracy of consumer behavior identification low. Second, the difference between normal interaction behavior and abnormal interaction behavior is small, and anomalous features are difficult to define. Therefore, we propose an anomalous behavior detection algorithm with human–object interaction graph convolution and confidence-guided difference enhancement. Aiming to solve the problem of low accuracy of consumer behavior recognition, including interactive behavior, the human–object interaction graph convolutional network is used to recognize action and extract video frames of abnormal human behavior. To define anomalies, we detect anomalies by delineating anomalous areas of the anomaly video frames. We use a confidence-guided anomaly enhancement module to perform confidence detection on the encoder-extracted coded features using a confidence full connection layer. The experimental results showed that the action recognition algorithm had good generalization ability and accuracy, and the screened video frames have obvious destruction characteristics, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve reached 82.8% in the detection of abnormal areas. Our research provides a new solution for the detection of abnormal behavior that destroys commodity packaging, which has considerable application value.

Design and implementation of automatic packing machine system based on PLC

In the commodity industry, the commodity packaging machinery products are rich in variety, the shape, nature, packaging requirements of the commodity are very different, and the output is large. In view of the urgent needs of domestic commodity enterprises for all kinds of automatic packaging machines, we design a commodity packaging machine control system to solve the problem. The software system of an automatic packing machine based on PLC is designed in order to improve the automation of the equipment and improve its production efficiency. PLC software control system has greatly improved the production capacity of the equipment, and can ensure the stability of the equipment. In terms of human-computer interaction, it adopts a more intuitive touch screen technology, which makes human-computer interaction more convenient and intuitive, so that workers can better understand the operation of the equipment. The equipment designed by this software system has good stability, convenient and intuitive operating platform, which improves the working performance and efficiency of the packaging machine.

Changes in Consumer Purchasing Behavior of Cultural and Creative Products During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 has led the changes of many business models, including rapid growth in e-commerce that had made the change of consumers’ shopping behavior from physical to online shopping. This study takes Taiwan's cultural and creative industry as an example to understand the relationship between the development of e-commerce and the design of commodity packaging during COVID-19, as well as the changes in consumer consumption patterns during the epidemic period. After exploring more than a dozen cultural and creative brand operators in the target research area using qualitative research methods, this study found that the epidemic has indeed affected the sales of some cultural and creative brands, but through the change of packaging design, consumers’ visual perception stimulates the sales of goods and re-established pay attention to the cultural and creative brands when add some new packaging designs, and bring positive effects on e-commerce sales to the brand. Also, the good packaging design brought some more attention and procurement of goods, and also brings the effect of quality improvement.

Construction of soft polyurethane cushioning composites based on integral fabric air layer: Reaching new levels in compression and cushioning behaviors

AbstractIn order to prepare a cushioning composite with good resilience and compressibility, the 3D fabric was perforated into a hexagonal honeycomb, high elasticity porous polyurethane foam was used as substrate, and the air layer structure was encapsulated with the packaging film. By changing the hexagonal side length and wall thickness of the honeycomb structure, the integral fabric air layer polyurethane buffer composite was prepared. The properties of the structure were studied, and its compressive capacity under different compressive strains was analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam were improved after adding the integral fabric air layer structure. When the composite HPU‐R1L2 (polyurethane cushioning composites with 1 cm side length and 2 cm wall thickness of hexagonal honeycomb) was compressed to 75%, its compressive capacity was 8.24 times that of PU (Polyurethane foam with 2.5% bentonite). The prepared composite HPU‐R1L1 (Polyurethane cushioning composites with 1 cm side length and 1 cm wall thickness of hexagonal honeycomb) absorbed 96.7% of the energy in the dynamic impact test, indicating that the composite cushioning performance was stronger than that of polyurethane foam. The HPU composites based on the synergistic reinforcement strategy of polyurethane foam and monolithic fabric air‐layer structures are an excellent candidate in the field of commodity packaging and personal protection.

Application of Patent Right and Trademark Right in Packaging Design Based on Computer Nonlinear Prediction Systems for Virtual Reality Technology

Comprehensively strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and stimulating the vitality of innovation to foster a new development paradigm, innovation is the primary driving force behind development, and protecting IPR is equal to protecting innovation. China is changing from Chinese products to Chinese brands, the need to comprehensively strengthen IPR protection from the perspective of national strategy, so as to promote the building of a modernized economy, stimulate the innovation vitality of the whole society, and foster a new development paradigm. This paper is based on application of patent right and trademark right in packaging design based on computer nonlinear prediction systems for virtual reality technology; from the perspective of intellectual property protection and innovation promotion, combining with several cases of packaging design in computer nonlinear prediction system, this paper expounds different forms of intellectual property creation in packaging design practice, and the irreplaceable important role that intellectual property protection plays in the follow-up market operation of products. At the same time, the combination of computer nonlinear virtual reality technology and packaging design can provide more powerful support for the creation and experience of commodity packaging virtual world, emphasizing the importance and urgency of the creative industry to improve the knowledge level of intellectual property, and the ability to create, apply, and protect intellectual property.

Effect of cassava pulp on Physical, Mechanical, and biodegradable properties of Poly(Butylene-Succinate)-Based biocomposites

This study investigated the effects of poly(butylene-succinate) (PBS) and cassava pulp (CP) at two particle sizes (250 and 400 µm) on the properties of PBS/CP biocomposites. The PBS/CP biocomposites with different ratios (PBS100/CP0, PBS90/CP10, PBS80/CP20, PBS70/CP30, and PBS60/CP40) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and formed using a ram extruder. The physical, mechanical, and biodegradable properties of these biocomposites were studied. The results showed that the melt flow index of biocomposites significantly decreased with an increase in the CP content as observed in both CP particle sizes. It was also observed that using 400 µm CP in PBS80/CP20 led to a higher melt flow index as compared to using 250 µm CP. The PBS/CP biocomposites were shown to improve Young's modulus and hardness. Nevertheless, tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the PBS/CP biocomposites decreased with an increase in the amount of CP (in both particle sizes). The addition of 250 µm CP provided good particle dispersion and compatibility in the biocomposite matrix. An increase in the CP content of up to 40% showed that the biocomposites had more brittle fracture although they were also the best biodegradable as indicated by natural soil burial test for 42 days. A biocomposite from PBS/CP could be useful in commodity packaging, outdoor plant pots, and injection molding as eco-friendly, strong and biodegradable materials.

Low Temperature Bleaching of Jute Using Peracetic Acid: A Novel Process

Jute, a natural golden fibre, is renewable and widely available and mostly used for the packaging of agricultural crops and commodities in the form of sack bag. However, over a period of time it has secured its own market in the field of home textiles and other lifestyle products due to its ethnic colour, good strength and biodegradable properties. Recently, jute has also been used in apparel products, particularly meant for outer and winter garments. Bleaching of jute has thus become an essential operation for making a white glossy fabric, that is, the base material to be used for subsequent coloration. The conventional hot hydrogen peroxide bleaching process produces good white fibre with a high loss in tensile strength. The present peracetic acid bleaching of scoured jute produces a satisfactory whiteness index of 65.8–77.7 with minimum loss of bundle strength. The peracetic acid bleached jute fibre could retain 85% of its bundle strength, when the bleaching was carried out at 70°C with 20 g/l peracetic acid for 120 min. A satisfactory whiteness index of 77 (Hunter scale) can be achieved incurring a low weight loss of <4.2 using the optimized recipe. The peracetic acid bleaching process may be considered as energy efficient and environment friendly, as the process is carried out at a near neutral pH of 7.5–8 and lower temperature of 50–70°C, in comparison to the 85–90°C and pH level of 11–11.5 (highly alkaline) normally used in hydrogen peroxide bleaching. The changes in physical, morphological and chemical properties after the peracetic acid bleaching of jute at optimized conditions were evaluated in detail.

Linking human activity to spatial accumulation of microplastics along mangrove coasts

Microplastics (MP) in mangrove coasts are threating ecological health and seafood safety. However, quantitative evidence on the effects of different coastal human activities on microplastic accumulation in mangrove sediments is lacking, thereby impeding the policy development of evidence-based waste management. In this study, continuous geographical sampling (N = 50) was applied to collect sediments from the largest mangrove coast, namely the Leizhou Peninsula in China. Similar worldwide research data (16 mangrove coasts) were collected from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database of the Web of Science. The connections between human drivers and microplastic accumulation were evaluated by spatial comparison, multi-correspondence analysis, and multiple differences analysis. The microplastic abundance fluctuated widely along the mangrove coasts (average value was 51.24, ranged from 6.40 to 255.57 items·kg−1 dry weight; coefficient of variation = 97%) with a globally lower-middle concentration in sediments of the Leizhou Peninsula. Densely populated urban residents and the floating population of tourists largely contributed to the high abundance of microplastics in mangrove sediments, of which large-sized (1–5 mm) white foams were the dominant type. Although suburbs had less crowds, both onshore and offshore fishery production could cause high accumulation of microplastics in neighboring mangrove coasts, which were characterized by small-sized (<1 mm) fragments with fresh color. Small microplastics (80%) with fresh color (44%) were dominant. Weathering may break down more toxic particles in urban areas neighboring mangrove coasts. Larger mangrove patches could partly block ocean-based microplastics; however, coasts surrounded by more geographical barriers had intensified pollutant accumulation. It was suggested that foam packaging of commodities for urban residents and tourists in popular tourism areas should be reduced and restrictions of fishery waste plastics are needed along shores with mangroves, especially in coasts surrounded by more geographic barriers.

FORECASTING THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX IN YOGYAKARTA BY USING THE DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an indicator that is often used to measure the inflation rate in an area, or can be interpreted as a comparison between the prices of a commodity package from a group of goods or services consumed by households over a certain period time. The spread of COVID-19 throughout the world affects the economy in Indonesia, especially Yogyakarta. Forecasting CPI data during the COVID-19 pandemic has the benefit of being an illustration of data collection in the CPI of D.I Yogyakarta Province in the predicted period. This is useful as a comparison with the original data at the time of data collection and publication, as well as a consideration in making policies and improving the economy. Researchers use the Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) method to predict the CPI of Yogyakarta D.I Province, which aims to determine the best forecasting model and forecasting results. This method is rarely used in research on CPI data forecasting in Yogyakarta. The data in this study are monthly data from March 2020 to August 2021. The highest CPI in Yogyakarta occurred in August 2021 at 107.21 or 107.2, while the lowest CPI in Yogyakarta occurred in April 2020 at 105.15 or 105.2. The average CPI in Yogyakarta per month is 106.1. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value obtained from the DES method is 0.1308443%, so that the accuracy of the model is 99.869%. Forecasting with the DES method is quite well used in forecasting the CPI data of Yogyakarta in September 2020 - November 2021. The results of CPI forecasting in Yogyakarta using the DES method were 107.2602, 107.3104, and 107.3606 from September-November.

Research on Networked Product Packaging Design Based on Internet of Things Technology

In recent years, with the improvement of Internet of Things technology and the continuous improvement of economic level, people’s consumption consciousness has also changed, especially for the packaging of networked products put forward higher requirements. This paper mainly studies the visual expression of networked product based on Internet of Things technology. Starting from the increasing influence of Internet electronic consumption in China’s economic consumption system, this paper deeply discusses the systematic product logistics packaging design under the Internet consumption form. This paper analyzes and discusses the differences between Internet consumer commodity packaging and physical consumer commodity packaging in functional orientation, added value of packaging, systematic visual design and other aspects.

AEMF: An Attention-Based Efficient and Multifeature Fast Text Detector

The label from industrial commodity packaging usually contains important data, such as production date, manufacturer, and other commodity-related information. As such, those labels are essential for consumers to purchase goods, help commodity supervision, and reveal potential product safety problems. Consequently, packaging label detection, as the prerequisite for product label identification, becomes a very useful application, which has achieved promising results in the past decades. Yet, in complex industrial scenarios, traditional detection methods are often unable to meet the requirements, which suffer from many problems of low accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a multifeature fast and attention-based algorithm using a combination of area suggestion and semantic segmentation. This algorithm is an attention-based efficient and multifeature fast text detector (termed AEMF). The proposed approach is formed by fusing segmentation branches and detection branches with each other. Based on the original algorithm that can only detect text in any direction, it is possible to detect different shapes with a better accuracy. Meanwhile, the algorithm also works better on long-text detection. The algorithm was evaluated using ICDAR2015, CTW1500, and MSRA-TD500 public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed multifeature fusion with self-attention module makes the algorithm more accurate and efficient than existing algorithms. On the MSRA-TD500 dataset, the AEMF algorithm has an F-measure of 72.3% and a frame per second (FPS) of 8. On the CTW1500 dataset, the AEMF algorithm has an F-measure of 62.3% and an FPS of 23. In particular, the AEMF algorithm has achieved an F-measure of 79.3% and an FPS of 16 on the ICDAR2015 dataset, demonstrating the excellent performance in detecting label text on industrial packaging.

Bio-plastic Films Production from Feather Waste Degradation by Keratinolytic Bacteria Bacillus cereus

Plastic materials have become a necessity of human life especially in the packaging of food commodities and biomedical procedures. Bioplastic is emerging as an effective alternative to fossil oil-based materials to avoid the environmental hazards of the plastic industry. During this study, chicken feathers were used as a substrate to isolate keratin degrading bacteria. Among 14 identified isolates, Bacillus sp BAM3 was found to be the most promising isolate. Partial 16S rDNA analysis-based molecular characterization revealed it is a strain of Bacillus cereus. Bacillus sp BAM3 can grow and produce keratinase in feathers containing basal medium as the sole carbon and energy source. The maximum keratinase production (730U/ml) was achieved within 24 h under optimum reaction conditions. The optimized reaction pH and temperature were noted as 9.0 and 50 °C for crude keratinase activity, respectively. The chicken feathers were used as a substrate in 2, 5, and 10 wt% glycerol to synthesize keratin-based bioplastic with keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus cereus BAM3. Bioplastic prepared from keratin with 2% of glycerol was found to possess good mechanical properties. Therefore, the results present a novel keratinolytic isolate of Bacillus cereus BAM3, which may have potential biotechnological applications in keratin hydrolysis processes. The development of keratin-based bioplastics possessing superior crystalline morphology requires further investigations to substitute fossil oil-based materials.

A Bibliometric Study of Research Topics and Sustainability of Packaging in the Greater China Region

The consumption and sustainability of packaging are significant concerns. With development of the division of labor during economic globalization, packaging issues are viewed differently in different regions. This study focused on the Greater China region, which has recently experienced rapid economic growth. Bibliometric analyses were performed using data from two Chinese academic databases, CNKI-CAJD of Mainland China and CEPS of Taiwan; 24,790 journal papers on packaging published between 1989 and 2019 were investigated using keyword co-occurrence analyses and cluster maps. The history of research on packaging in Greater China is summarized and the research areas are categorized into five common subjects: design and consumption assessment, marketing and image packaging, food packaging, special item packaging, and structure and materials. Among these subjects, CNKI-CAJD mostly focuses on industrial applications in packaging institutions and industry, division of labor in the packaging industry, and foreign trade commodity packaging, while CEPS focuses on diversified aspects of green design and education in packaging and environmental protection and packaging development. The results map out Chinese research on packaging and can serve as a reference for applying environmental sustainability in the packaging field.

Research on the Regional Expression of Visual Elements in Modern Packaging Design under the Background of Modern Art

China has a vast territory and abundant resources. Especially in recent decades, with the development of economic globalization, commodity packaging design has become an inseparable part in the social market economy. In order to realize and reflect the value of goods and make consumers desire to consume, unique packaging is the best way to attract them. With the development of regional culture, packaging art design with regional cultural characteristics has gradually become the focus of attention. The regional expression of commodity packaging design gives the unique artistic charm and aesthetic value of commodity packaging, which can not only promote the inheritance and development of regional culture, but also meet the cultural psychological needs of modern people returning and seeking root and the spiritual aesthetic needs in the context of daily life aesthetic. Based on the background of modern art, this paper analyzes the future development trend of regional characteristics in products by the expression of regional characteristics in product packaging, which has certain theoretical and practical research value.

Initial success from a public health approach to hepatitis C testing, treatment and cure in seven countries: the road to elimination

With political will, modest financial investment and effective technical assistance, public sector hepatitis C virus (HCV) programmes can be established in low- and middle-income countries as a first step towards...

Vegetable oils based UV-luminescent ink for screen printed anti-counterfeiting marking

In this work, a new anti-counterfeiting feature relying on invisible fluorescent pattern printed with vegetable-oil-based inks were reported. Soybean oil (SBO) and tung oil (TO) were used as all the vehicle materials with low-cost, VOC-free and renewable characteristics, and grinding with ultraviolet luminescent pigment and specific additives to obtain the synthesized ink. A series of physical properties of the inks with different mixing ratios were investigated. It was found that the formulations of 75 wt.% vehicles, 15 wt.% fluorescent pigments, 3 wt.% fluorescent whitening agents, 2 wt.% ink driers, 2 wt.% defoaming agents, 2 wt.% dispersing agents, and 1 wt.% antioxidants (BHT) showed highly performance on the stability, dryness, acid and alkali resistance. More importantly, the desired-viscosity (3000 ∼ 4000 mPa·s) inks were applied on the coated paper to obtain invisible geometric designs by screen printing technology, which showed bright blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV-light irradiation. Therefore, by applying the vegetable-oil-based ink in fluorescent security marking, the information in images could be protected in such a simple and green way that was convenient to observe and verify. It exhibited the wide potentials on the anti-counterfeiting printing and commodity packaging.