Report Of Committee Research Articles

Knowledge in a religion and worldviews approach in English schools

ABSTRACT The Final Report of the Commission on Religious Education (CoRE) in England published in 2018 advocated what it called a religion and worldviews approach. One of the significant questions it provoked was the approach to knowledge that it took. This article explores this question. It first explains the background to the Commission Report and then the subsequent interpretative work undertaken by the Religious Education Council of England and Wales to develop its recommendations. It then focuses on the vision lying behind the religion and worldviews approach that draws on CoRE’s claim that ‘everyone has a worldview’, and reviews the debate that resulted around that claim. A detailed consideration of the approach to worldview taken in the subsequent REC work and its exemplification in a revised Statement of Entitlement follows. Finally, it is argued that the understanding of knowledge taken in this literature resonates with that of Michael Polanyi in his development of the idea of personal knowledge and that of Andrew and Elina Wright’s exposition of critical realism. The article advocates that this results in an approach to RE that puts learning to make scholarly and reflexive judgements at the heart of knowledge-rich RE.

What Do We Actually Know About Poll Worker Recruitment in the United States? Poll Worker Recruitment Policies and Data Problems in the Election Assistance Commission Report

What Do We Actually Know About Poll Worker Recruitment in the United States? Poll Worker Recruitment Policies and Data Problems in the Election Assistance Commission Report

Annual OFNC Committee Reports for 2022

Annual OFNC Committee Reports for 2022

Effectiveness of Hypertension Management Strategies in SPRINT-Eligible US Adults: ASimulation Study.

Despite reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and death in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), intensive systolic blood pressure goals have not been adopted in the United States. This study aimed to simulate the potential long-term impact of 4 hypertension management strategies in SPRINT-eligible US adults. The validated Blood Pressure Control-Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, a discrete event simulation of hypertension care processes (ie, visit frequency, blood pressure [BP] measurement accuracy, medication intensification, and medication adherence) and CVD outcomes, was populated with 25 000 SPRINT-eligible US adults. Four hypertension management strategies were simulated: (1) usual care targeting BP <140/90 mm Hg (Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care), (2) intensive care per the SPRINT protocol targeting BP <120/90 mm Hg (SPRINT intensive), (3) usual care targeting guideline-recommended BP <130/80 mm Hg (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care), and (4) team-based care added to usual care and targeting BP <130/80 mm Hg. Relative to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, among the 18.1 million SPRINT-eligible US adults, an estimated 138 100 total CVD events could be prevented per year with SPRINT intensive, 33 900 with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care, and 89 100 with team-based care. Compared with the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, SPRINT intensive care was projected to increase treatment-related serious adverse events by 77 600 per year, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care by 33 300, and team-based care by 27 200. As BP control has declined in recent years, health systems must prioritize hypertension management and invest in effective strategies. Adding team-based care to usual care may be a pragmatic way to manage risk in this high-CVD-risk population.

Perfectionism as a moderator of the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and obsessive–compulsive symptoms

PurposeOrthorexia nervosa (ON), a proposed disorder describing an obsessive focus on “healthy” eating, is characterised as having overlapping symptoms with obsessive–compulsive disorder. However, ON/obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom relationships are inconsistently reported. The current study aimed to investigate if the contribution of OC symptoms and beliefs explain variability in ON symptoms and determine if perfectionism, a transdiagnostic factor, moderates the ON/OC symptom relationship.MethodsThe study comprised 190 participants (Mage = 28.63, SDage = 9.88; 80% female) recruited via an undergraduate research programme, social media, advocacy organisations, and a participant registry. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing ON, OC, and perfectionism symptoms.ResultsA linear regression analysis found OC symptoms and beliefs explained 22.9% variability in ON symptoms (p < 0.001, f2 = 0.38) and perfectionism moderated the ON/OC symptom relationship, where higher levels of perfectionism with higher levels of OC symptoms was associated with higher levels of ON symptoms, explaining 2.2% variability (p = .01, f2 = 0.03).ConclusionOC symptoms appear more common in ON than previous studies indicate. However, the interaction between perfectionism and OC symptoms may drive obsessions in ON. Findings help refine our current understanding of ON phenomenology with implications for ON treatment development. Future research should further explore perfectionism in ON phenomenology.Level of evidence: Level V (Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees).

Third Report of the Japan Diabetes Society/Japanese Cancer Association Joint Committee on Diabetes and Cancer: Summary of the results of a questionnaire survey of oncologists and diabetologists-Secondary publication.

The Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Cancer Association launched a joint committee and published their "First Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" in 2013, compiling recommendations for physicians and health-care providers as well as for the general population. In 2016, the "Second Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" summarized the current evidence on glycemic control and cancer risk in patients with diabetes. The current "Third Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer", for which the joint committee also enlisted the assistance of the Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology, reports on the results from the questionnaire survey, "Diabetes Management in Patients Receiving Cancer Therapy," which targeted oncologists responsible for cancer management and diabetologists in charge of glycemic control in cancer patients. The results of the current survey indicated that there is a general consensus among oncologists and diabetologists with regard to the need for guidelines on glycemic control goals, the relevance of glycemic control, and glycemic control during cancer therapy in cancer patients.

The Effect of Eco Efficiency, Number of Audit Committees and Sustainability Report on Going Concern Audit Opinion

Going concern for business is always a major issue that is considered by the management. The going concern audit opinion is one of the elements that displays the findings of the business continuity assessment. It can provide credibility that will affect investors' confidence in investing, and provide guarantees for companies that have potential issues related to their going concern. The goal of this study was to investigate how going concern audit opinion was impacted by eco-efficiency, the number of audit committees, and sustainability reports. Based on mining companies listed between 2020 and 2022 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), the research was conducted. This study makes use of secondary data in the form of financial statements. Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is the data analysis method used. The findings demonstrated that going concern audit opinions are significantly impacted by eco efficiency, the number of audit committees, and sustainability reports.

Association of Hypertension with Body Mass Index in northern districts of Bangladesh

Background: Body Mass Index is one of the significant determinant associated with many disease process particularly hypertension. There is positive association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). Lowering BMI with weight reduction significantly reduces blood pressure (BP). The main purpose of this study was to find out the association of BMI with hypertension. The aim of the study is to find out any association between BMI and hypertension in a particular area of Bangladesh. Methods: This is a retrospective study which involves review of written medical records for adults diagnosed with hypertension aged 18 years and above. This study was conducted at hypertension and research centre, Rangpur. A total of 14137 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Hypertension was defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). BMI was calculated by a person’s weight in kilograms divided by his height in meters squared. Results: Majority (42.1%) of hypertensive patients were within 41 to 50 years of age. Among 14137 participants 4.6% were underweight, 46.5% were healthy weight, 38.7% were overweight and 10.2&amp; were obese. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were144.9, 145.2, 148.3, 152.7 and 89.8, 90.4, 91.2, 92.8 respectively with increasing BMI. Conclusion: Increasing BMI increases the risk of HTN. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35(1): 15-19

What About Fertility? The Unintentional Pro-natalism of a Nordic Country

Abstract Combining high birth rates with gender equality and women’s reproductive choice is often put forward as a Nordic success story. We analyze Norwegian governmental commission reports delivered 1984–2017, tracing how fertility issues are approached in policy-making under shifting demographic conditions. We focus on four key topics—pro-natalism, individual versus societal level effects of policies, socioeconomic differences in fertility, and immigration. We see little or no attention given to the fact that policy effects may vary by class background or preferences. Relatively high fertility is considered positive, but pro-natalist intent is downplayed or absent, even when fertility is falling. We connect these findings to the distinctive Nordic dual earner/care-giver model, a historical legacy of “unintentional” pro-natalism, and features of the commission system. We call for more interchange between demography and institutionalist scholarship and argue that questions of macro-level fertility effects of family policies could be better handled in a more explicit debate.

Propaganda aspects of cultural liberalization in the conflict between the Western and Communist systems

The author examines the processes of transformation of Western culture during the conflict between the West and the East (1949-1989); the determinism of these changes and neoliberal economic transformations that began in 1970s. The subject of the research is the technology of using cultural phenomena and scientific research in order to promote the ideology of globalism. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the genesis and development of the cultural transformation of Western society, the connection with the neoliberal economic paradigm of the Chicago School of Economics and the transition of power in Western countries to a new generation of globalist politicians. The material under study is reports of the Trilateral Commission, the Club of Rome, the IMF, Senate commissions, and the laws. The analysis of factual material is carried out by descriptive, analytical historical, systematic, comparative methods using abstracts and quotations from scientific literature. The scientific novelty of this article is to identify a new vision of the determinism of the stages of globalization: the cultural liberalization of Western society in the 1960s and 1970s, the neoliberal economic revolution of the 1970s and 2000s and the modern stage of globalization and the green agenda. The mechanisms of cultural liberalization, including three parallel youth revolutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, are shown, and the consequences of these revolutions, including the new values of the Western post-war generation, are analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of the report of the Club of Rome "The First Global Revolution" was carried out, new aspects of the ideological conflict between the communist and Western systems were identified and proposed for discussion. The data obtained are used to analyze the post-cold war: the unipolarity of the 1990s-2000s and the reverse process of regionalization that began in 2010s.

Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress, and Equity Through Group Prenatal Care: A Pilot Study.

Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress and Equity (EleVATE) is a group prenatal care (GC) model designed to improve pregnancy outcomes and promote health equity for Black birthing people. This article outlines the foundational community-engaged process to develop EleVATE GC and pilot study results. We used community-based participatory research principles and the Ferguson Commission Report to guide creation of EleVATE GC. The intervention, designed by and for Black birthing people, centers trauma-informed care, antiracism, and integrates behavioral health strategies into group prenatal care to address unmet mental health needs. Using a convenience sample of patients seeking care at one of three safety-net health care sites, we compared preterm birth, small for gestational age, depression scores, and other pregnancy outcomes between patients in individual care (IC), CenteringPregnancy™ (CP), and EleVATE GC. Forty-eight patients enrolled in the study (n=11 IC; n=14 CP; n=23 EleVATE GC) and 86% self-identified as Black. Patients participating in group prenatal care (EleVATE GC or CP) were significantly less likely to experience a preterm birth <34 weeks. Rates of small for gestational age, preterm birth <37 weeks, depression scores, and other pregnancy outcomes were similar across groups. Participants in CP and EleVATE GC were more likely to attend their postpartum visit and breastfeed at hospital discharge than those in IC. Our findings model a systematic approach to design a feasible, patient-centered, community-based, trauma-informed, antiracist intervention. Further study is needed to determine whether EleVATE GC improves perinatal outcomes and promotes health equity.

Nexus Between Pension Funds and Stock Market Sustainability Development in Nigeria

Objective: It has long been recognized that pension systems across the emerging markets including Nigeria have undergone dramatic reforms over the last twenty-eight years. This process has mainly been fueled by the demographic problem faced by modern financial systems. Hence, this study examines the short-run and long-run dynamic of pension funds on capital market development in Nigeria using ex-post facto research design. Method: Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and annual report of the pension fund commission from 1995 to 2022. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, unit root test and auto regressive lag model (ARDL) and Toda Yamamoto multivariate granger causality approach. The unit root test reveal that all the variables used in the study are non-stationary at first difference except inflation which is stationary at level. Results: The findings from the ARDL analysis reveal a short-run dynamic impact between pension funds and capital market development due to the coefficient of error correction mechanism (speed of adjustment) which is negative and significant at 5% level of significant. The result suggests that over 22% of the short run disequilibrium is corrected in the long run equilibrium. However, the results from the long-run dynamic impact reveal a positively significant impact between the proxies of pension funds (pension contributory fund, pension investment) and control variable - inflation to be positively significant with capital market development proxied by market capitalization as a ratio to GDP at 5% level of significant. The results of the Toda Yamamoto granger causality results suggest a bidirectional relationship between pension funds (pension contributory fund, pension investment) and market capitalization as a ratio of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria at aggregate level. This suggest that the relationship between pension funds (pension contributory fund, pension investment) and market capitalization as a ratio of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria was two-ways. Conclusion: The study concludes that pension fund administrators in Nigeria should understand that the rate of inflation is dynamic in Nigeria and the value of money is being lost as money is not worth it values in the next five years.

EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES IN COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA IN LATER LIFE

Abstract According to the most recent (2020) Lancet commission report, one of the most important determinants of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is educational attainment. For those aged 80 and older, the risk for dementia is three times lower for those with a college degree compared to those without a high school degree, with even larger educational disparities by ethnicity. Despite these large and persistent gaps, there is much we do not understand about the relationship between education and dementia. Moreover, we have yet to develop effective clinical treatments that substantially slow or reverse the course of dementia. In this context, unpacking the education—ADRD relationship may be key to understanding how to delay ADRD onset. This panel explores how genetic risk, early life conditions, ranging from cognition and the quality of schooling to mid life factors, may mediate and moderate the relationship between education and cognitive decline and dementia in later life. The papers also pay close attention to variance by gender and ethnicity.

From the Truth Commission Report to the Stage and the Museum: The Artistic Dislocation of Violence from the Ecuadorian Chapter of 1983 to 2008

Are commemorative plaques enough to collectively and symbolically amend the horror of human rights violations? And if not, why is this strategy still the most common way for governments to pay their due respects to the families of the victims? This paper analyzes the suitability of the arts to address the reparation of the victims of human rights-related crimes&amp;nbsp;perpetrated in Ecuador between 1983 and 2008, as investigated by the ad-hoc Truth Commission installed there afterwards. National and constitutional law, as well as international jurisprudence, will help to illuminate this study objective. Furthermore, in order to unpack the collective and individual dimensions of the right to memory of the victims, their families and their broader social fabric in which they are embedded, the notion of ‘memory sites’ is incorporated into the analysis. To contribute to the establishment of interconnections between the law and the arts, several initiatives for the recovery of memory in Ecuador are reviewed, from a critical stance. In this vein, the text foregrounds a centralizing proposal to consolidate an Ecuadorian aesthetics of memory, through institutionalization and museography, to address the governmental duty for reparations; but more importantly, to finally permeate the consciousness of an entire country whose past is still waiting to be incorporated into its present. By intertwining the legal, the artistic and the political layers present in this discussion, we advance in the direction of an aesthetics of memory that challenges the dominant narratives of genocidal violence.

The Emergence of the Academic Candidate: Evaluation as textual dramaturgy

Our contribution sheds light on the dramaturgies of evaluation that precede candidate selection in academic organizations. The dramaturgies unfold across committee meetings, reviews, and reports that funnel the pool of candidates into a shortlist of prospective members. Because they are prolonged and not all stages involve copresence, the continuity and consistency of evaluative processes is a central dramaturgical problem. It highlights the constitutive role of written documents for the continuity and consistency of organizational evaluation processes. We marshal evidence from a comparative study on academic candidacy in two organizational settings: grantmakers, who select candidates for funding, and universities, who select candidates for professorships. Drawing on archived records produced in the context of research grant applications and professorial recruitments between 1950 and 2000, we distinguish two regimes of textual agency throughout the processes of evaluation: documents structure the process of candidate selection throughout dramaturgical stages, and they act as relays that transfer assessments of human actors across dramaturgical stages and time. In addition, by focusing on organizational access and showing how organizations make people before even hiring them, we draw attention to the emergence of a highly scripted dramatic figure in academic life: the candidate.

Status of Borstal Schools in India

The Borstal system evolved through the Gladstone Committee Report (1895), England, which propagated differential correctional philosophy for adolescent offenders. The philosophy focused on rehabilitation and corrections through training in industrial trades followed by an intensive aftercare programme. The success of Borstal schools was credited to the synergy between legislature, institution and aftercare mechanisms. Borstal schools in India were influenced and modelled in this line. This article studies and compares the existing Borstal Acts in India. National Crime Record Bureau data (2020 and 2021) suggest that Borstals were functional in only 8 out of 29 states, and its occupancy rate was not optimal. This article raises concerns over the decline in the number and use of Borstal schools and tries to understand the reasons for the same. It advocates for the need to revive Borstal schools in the spirit of corrections for young adults against the backdrop of changes in adult and juvenile justice legislation.

Report of the General Committee: 28

SummaryDecisions of the General Committee are reported on the proposals in Report 24 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Algae and Report 14 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes, and on two proposals in Report 73 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants.

Abstract A027: Creating partnerships to deliver community-based interventions for cancer prevention in a historically African American community

Abstract Be Well Communities™ is MD Anderson’s signature place-based approach for cancer prevention and control, working with communities to promote wellness and address modifiable risk factors for cancer. In this project, the planning phase of the Be Well Communities’ model was implemented in Acres Homes, a neighborhood in northwest Houston with more than 57,000 residents. While the changing demographics show increasing numbers of residents of Hispanic descent (43% of the population), Acres Homes still experiences effects of a legacy of Blacks experiencing poverty; more than half of the population of Acres Homes resides in census tracts that are considered areas of persistent poverty. Further, it is a medically underserved area with relatively high rates of unhealthy behaviors, as compared to Healthy People 2030 goals. To work toward addressing the disparities in health outcomes experienced by community residents, a community advisory group (Steering Committee) including residents, non-profit organizations, health care partners, city and county agencies, plus other stakeholders, was convened and aligned through a structured process to develop shared goals, foster multisector collaboration (as measured by a stakeholder survey administered twice), and enhance community capacity to improve health outcomes through development of a Community Action Plan. Clear, achievable goals were developed, multisector collaboration was enhanced, and more than 400 hours of capacity building support led to a Community Action Plan focused on healthy eating and active living, including 15 evidence-based interventions led by 18 organizations. The majority (93%) of the Steering Committee reports that this plan reflects community priorities and will reach the residents most in need. In the first 2 years of implementation nearly 40% of the residents of the community have been reached by programs including more than 5,000 residents participating in physical activity opportunities, classes and over 1000 individuals receiving outreach from a Community Health Worker within the safety-net hospital system to receive access to healthy food access and nutrition education programming. By listening and developing trust, the Be Well Communities team successfully worked with Acres Homes residents and organizations to enhance community capacity to address health inequities in one of Houston’s most historic communities. Citation Format: Ruth Rechis, Haley Gardiner, Katy Oestman, Stephanie Nutt, Michael T. Walsh Jr.. Creating partnerships to deliver community-based interventions for cancer prevention in a historically African American community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A027.

From the Nation’s ‘Steel Frame’ to Insubordinate Workers: Tracing Changes in the Figure of the Post-colonial Civil Servant from 1947 to 1966

The Indian Civil Service, and consequently, the Indian bureaucracy, was reformed periodically, starting in 1854, then in 1966, and then later in 2007. Each process of reform generated a set of reports known as the Administrative Reforms Commission reports which provide us with an analytical picture of the mode of historical state-rationality espoused at that time. While, usually, these reports were aimed at reforming the bureaucracy, they also betrayed the anxieties of the Indian state itself. Primarily using these reports from the 1966 period, this article examines the post-colonial Indian bureaucracy through three facets, namely, aesthetic imagery, Public Administration, and the notion of the public. Ultimately, it attempts to track changes in state-ideology from 1947 to 1966, through the figure of the civil servant.

What are the most prevalent combinations of modifiable dementia risk factors that can be targeted in multidomain lifestyle intervention in Canada?

AbstractBackgroundNot all risk factors have the same weight in dementia development, and the combinations of common risk factors differs across individuals and populations. The goal of this study is to estimate the potential population impact of modifiable risk factors for dementia in Canada, and to identify the combinations of the modifiable risk factors that could prevent many dementia cases in Canadian adults.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive Cohort (n = 30,009). The prevalence and population attributable fraction (PAF) of 12 modifiable lifestyle risk factors established in the Lancet Commission Report 2020 were calculated using baseline data. The prevalence of every possible dyad, triad, and tetrad combination of the risk factors was estimated. All analyses were stratified by 2 sex strata (male, female) and 4 age strata (45‐54, 55‐64, 65‐74, 75+).ResultThe combined PAF of the 12 lifestyle risk factors was 49% in the Canadian population. The single risk factors that contributed the most were physical inactivity (11.3%), hearing loss (6.9%), and obesity (6.9%) in Canada, whereas social isolation (0.4%), alcohol (1.1%), and smoking (1.4%) had substantially smaller effects (Table 1). The most prevalent risk factor dyad was physical inactivity and sleep disturbance (34%). Obesity, physical inactivity, and sleep disturbance was the most prevalent risk factor triad (14%). The tetrad of hearing loss, obesity, physical inactivity, and sleep disturbance had the highest prevalence (4.9%). The prevalent risk factor combinations were similar in the two younger age groups and both sexes, but not in the two older age groups (Table 2).ConclusionNearly 50% of dementia cases in Canada can be prevented by modifying 12 lifestyle risk factors. The most prevalent combinations of risk factors differ before and after the age of 65, but not by sex. The most prevalent risk factor combinations consist of physical inactivity, sleep disturbance and obesity in the two younger age groups, and hearing loss, sleep disturbance and obesity in the two older age groups. These findings may help strategically target tailoring multidomain dementia intervention programs to have the greatest impact in the Canadian population.