Protection Committee Research Articles

언론의 공익목적 개인정보 사용에 대한 개인정보 보호법 적용제외 연구

When the personal data is reported through media, the Personal Information Protection Act(PIPA) should set forth standards for the extent to which this can be be permitted. In this article, I study a post-ex post legislative evaluation of the Personal Information Protection Act and to propose amendments.
 On Korean PIPA, Article 58, excludes Personal information collected or used for its own purposes of reporting by the press, only Chapters 3 to 7 of PIPA, so the provisions of Chapter 9(Supplemental Provisions) and Chapter 10(Penal Provisions) are all applied. Therefore, there is a problem that can be punished as a violation of the PIPA when the public reports for the public interest as well as media reports.
 Article 6 of the EU's GDPR (Lawfulness of processing) recognizes processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller(e). Article 85 stipulates that the Processing and freedom of expression and information should be balanced with the right to freedom of information, and that the application of Chapters 2 to 7 and 9 of the GDPR be excluded for journalism purposes. And the legality of processing in Article 8 of the UK Data Protection Act (2018) further elaborates this. Article 57 of the PIPA of Japan, excludes application, does not impose any obligations on personal information handling business operators for reporting purposes. In addition, the Japanese Public Interest Notified Person Protection Act requires the person making the public interest notification to submit a public interest notification to the Personal Information Protection Commission if there is a concern about violating the PIPA.
 In conclusion, on Korea's PIPA, it is necessary to stipulate that the PIPA is not applied in the case of public interest whistleblower. For this purpose, the provision of personal data should stipulate in Article 17 of the Amendment Act, “in case of reporting facts related to crime or facts related to crime for the purpose of public interest or reporting,”. and It is necessary to expand the exclusion of media coverage in the application exclusion rule of Article 58 to some punishment provisions, and to amend the direction to protect the public interest whistleblower protection law in the Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act. At the same time, research should be continued so that relevant laws and regulations can present clear standards so that individual honor or privacy and public interest information can be guaranteed at the same time.

Influence of Reproduction Media and Animation Videos on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Reproduction and Sexuality in Elementary School Students

Background: Sexual violence in children occupies the highest position, 50% -62%. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) released that in early 2018, there was 117 sexual violence against children, while in 2017, there were 393 cases in Schools plays an important role in increasing students' knowledge and sexual education. So far, sex education has been implemented only with the introduction of reproductive organs, forms of violation, danger and impact. Furthermore, the children try to find other knowledge to satisfy their curiosity. Purpose: To determine the effect of media flipcharts and video animation on knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Method: Experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design in which the design consisted of one group then observed (pretest), after which intervention was given in the form of counselling using flipchart media and animated video and then observed again (posttest). Result: difference test in two measurements paired-samples T-Test which showed the average of students' knowledge before giving information about reproduction and sexuality using flipchart media and animated videos on students, which was an average of 7.72 and the average after a given intervention to 10.64. While the attitude of students before being given information about reproduction and sexuality by using the media flipchart and animated video is an average of 32.96, and after being given an intervention, the average becomes 35.34. Conclusions: It was concluded that the media of flipcharts and animated videos influence knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Thus, the school is advised to provide reproductive and sexual education by applicable norms and can use flipcharts and animated videos.

Radical Defence: The American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born and the Movement for Deportation Resistance and Immigrants’ Rights

Abstract The American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born was a Communist-affiliated legal advocacy organisation that operated from the 1930s through to the 1970s, that witnessed several periods of ideological and social change in immigration policy and politics. As a radical campaign group, it developed as an outgrowth of the twentieth-century American left, and created a distinct platform devoted explicitly to defending the rights of immigrants. Using the courts, popular protest, policy advocacy and other innovative campaign strategies, the group and its regional affiliates, along with allied leftist organisations, pioneered a framework of constitutional rights and legal protections for the immigrants who were persecuted and threatened with deportation due to their links to the labour left. During the early Cold War, their work defending foreign-born radicals against deportation gradually expanded to include other immigrant communities, and to broach broader issues of civil and human rights.

Doktrina neophodnih kapaciteta i zaštita konkurencije u Srbiji: sektor telekomunikacija

The paper discusses possibilities for the application of the essential facilities doctrine in the Serbian telecommunications sector and the consequences of that application for the protection of competition. Based on the findings in the paper, the conclusion is, among other things, that the essential facilities doctrine may be applied in different ways and under different conditions by the Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services (RATEL), the Commission for Protection of Competition (KZK), as well as the Administrative Court. Furthermore, bearing in mind the existing relationship between these bodies, as well as the relationship between the law on protection of competition and sectoral regulation, we conclude that KZK should primarily apply the essential facilities doctrine, while RATEL is the one to additionally enhance competition within the sector based on the sectoral regulation.

The response practices to road accidents in Tanzania

Disaster response refers to activities deployed to limit the negative effects of hazards to save people's lives and their property. This study aimed to uncover the response practices commonly encountered in Tanzania during the disaster period. The study of this species was carried out insignificantly in Tanzania. The study aims to discuss response practices in the context of agreed international practices and to suggest to authorities the pathway for best practices in dealing with threats in Tanzania. The study used secondary data analysis extensively to discuss common response practices in a traffic accident. The discussion revealed that the uncivilized response to the disaster is mainly caused by a lack of skills and knowledge, poor support from the authorities, poverty and greed for wealth. In Tanzania, the response practices were more disastrous than the events themselves. Victims lose their property as it was stolen by the volunteer who came to hear them. Instead of saving people's lives and their property, they just steal that property on purpose. It has been suggested that these civil protection committees must function accordingly.

Reducing Ship’s Energy Consumption through Accommodation and Cargo Spaces Lights Automation

The effective use of energy proposes using less energy to achieve the same goal. The International Maritime Organization started using criteria for ship’s energy efficiency in 2013, when the new International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Annex VI, was adopted. The purpose of the Annex is to improve the ships’ energy efficiency through the use of new technologies such as improved hull design, and new propulsion systems, including innovations in energy management. One of the topics for improving the car carriers’ energy efficiency is the constantly working lights in the superstructure and on the car decks. Lights’ energy consumption may be negligible on most ships, but on car carriers, the consumption is of greater magnitude. This article presents a survey of the improvement of energy consumption on board a car carrier during regular voyages as well as the cost-effectiveness of introducing light control automation. The authors of this article review an example of light automation set up to control the lights in a ship’s superstructure and on the car decks. The implementation of such a system and the different types of automation are also reviewed. This research is towards new regulations, established by Maritime Environment Protection Committee and implemented in shipping since 1 November 2022. Conclusions for practical use are extracted.

Factors Affecting Climate Change Governance in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Climate change in Ethiopia’s capital city of Addis Ababa is characterized by an increase in rainfall and subsequent flooding and severe temperature with more heat waves. The city government has now recognized climate change as a serious threat, including it being a reason for loss of life and livelihoods. Even though governance has become a key mechanism to address a reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions and vulnerability to climate change, the practice of climate-change governance has been undermined by different factors. Thus, this study examined factors affecting climate-change governance in the city. The research adopted a mixed research design and depends on primary and secondary data sources. The binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were both used to analyse the quantitative data, while the descriptive method was used for the qualitative data. The results reveal that a lack of coordination, political will and leadership are the major factors that hinder the practice of governance in the city, followed by inadequate finance, policy, strategy, and regulation. In addition, a shortage of knowledgeable experts, lack of access to information and technologies had their own contributions to the ineffectiveness of climate-change governance. Thus, the city administration should place emphasis on climate change, giving it comparable weight to other crosscutting issues, and enabling the functioning of the steering committee with a strong accountability system. In addition, the city administration should take aggressive measures, including revising or formulating new policy, strategy or regulation, and even creating an independent institution for climate-change issues. Furthermore, the Addis Ababa City environmental protection and green development commission should create an enabling environment to attract non-state actors, in general, and NGOs, in particular, and should assign one directorate to mobilise finance, following the approach taken by the federal environmental protection commission. The commission should implement a mechanism to efficiently utilize the budget by applying continuous monitoring and evaluation. The commission should also provide continuous training and capacity building for leaders and experts at sub-city and Woreda levels.

Possible environmental solutions to oil spills in the Black Sea due to the Russian invasion (on the examples of the U.S. and international experience dealing with oil spills)

The Black Sea is an inland sea, that is basically isolated from the World Ocean. Even though it is connected only with the Mediterranean Sea through the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea is very environmentally vulnerable. Armed conflict invariably has a negative impact on nature. Oil spills that happened because of Russian invasion have radically changed the ecosystems of the Black Sea, and subsequently seriously threatened its biodiversity, and ecosystem as a whole. During the last 20-30 years, even before the full-scale Russian invasion, specialists of the Ukrainian Scientific Center for Marine Ecology, together with the EMBLAS project, were deeply worried about changes in the Black Sea [1].
 Even more rapid change in the Black Sea ecosystem happened in June 2022 when Russian forces used two anti-ship missiles to target an abandoned cargo tanker adrift in the northern Black Sea. The vessel was loaded with around 600 tons of diesel fuel. The abandoned tankers, with thousands of barrels of diesel fuel, constituted an “environmental time bomb [2].” 
 As to the existing framework, in 1992, six coastal countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine) signed and ratified the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution. Since then, the Black Sea Pollution Protection Commission has been responsible for the sustainable management of the Black Sea. The real effectiveness of this Commission turned out to be very low considering the fact that not a single act was adopted for the preservation of the Black Sea in terms of Russian invasion since February 24th 2022.
 Indeed, there is some legal protection for nature under the laws of armed conflict too, although these laws are ambiguous and have strict limitations. For instance, there is a set of Draft Principles for environmental preservation in relation to armed conflict, which was just adopted by the UN International Law Commission. 
 Thus, in the absence of adequate international mechanisms to address oil spills immediately, it is worth to take into account well established US Response System as the federal government mechanism to respond to discharges of oil into navigable waters of the US. While this system functions through a cooperative network of federal, state, and local agencies, Ukraine lacks this coordinated cooperation, and cannot respond properly to the significant contamination of the Black Sea.
 Thus, we will reveal the existing international mechanisms to combat oil spills. Then, we will mainly focus on US Governing policies that deal with oil spills on the Exxon Valdez oil spill example, applying it to the existing policies in Ukraine.

Opti’care protocol: a randomised control trial to evaluate the impact of a mobile antenatal care clinic in isolated rural areas on prenatal follow-up

IntroductionRural residence appears to be a factor of vulnerability among pregnant women with poor clinical antenatal care. Our principal objective is to assess the impact of an infrastructure for a...

Stakeholders’ participation at the IMO marine environmental protection committee

This paper analyses the determinants of participation of stakeholders in Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization using information on 2669 proposals to 28 MEPC meetings (2002–2019). Our statistical analysis stresses that proposals were submitted by 117 different Members States and by 75 Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Proposals from Member States are by rich countries, with a vested interest in international trade and with a high political accountability. Countries that are both vulnerable to climate change and have less adaptive capacity to cope with climate change impacts are less active, unless they are large ownership countries. Out of the 15 Intergovernmental and 60 Non-Governmental Organizations that submitted proposals at Marine Environmental Protection Committee, shipowners’ interests (40%) and shipping-related associations (27%) represent the majority of all Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental Organization submissions. Finally, when Member States cooperate with Non-Governmental Organizations (4% of all proposals), they tend to collaborate with shipowners’ interest associations. Our findings confirm the large participation of a handful of countries in the first stage of the decision-making process at International Maritime Organization, while highlighting the lack of diversity in the profile of participants. International Maritime Organization should encourage a wider participation of vulnerable countries with less adaptive capacity to cope with climate change impacts and Non-Governmental Organizations to counterbalance the strong participation of large shipping nations and industry representatives.

Qualitative Study on HIV/AIDS Prevention in Jombang City


 
 
 
 Background: 2022 will see an increase in the number of HIV/AIDS cases in Jombang City, ranking it second in East Java with 1388 PLWHA, 20 cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission during childbirth, 12 HIV (+) cases, 8 AIDS cases, and 100 fatalities. The Independent Practice Midwife (BPM) is the linchpin of a healthcare organization that has the potential to grow into a network of expectant mothers. Midwives are qualified to serve as health educators for expectant women who exhibit habits that increase their risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. In a qualitative study in Jombang City, the aim of this study was to determine the program to develop midwives' ability as health educators for expectant mothers in an effort to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission.
 Method: This study is qualitative and employs an in-depth interviewing methodology. Up to 8 stakeholders served as primary informants, while 2 NGOs and 10 BPM employees served as secondary informants. analysis of data using the content analysis approach.
 Results: Because national guidelines for preventing HIV transmission from mother to newborn have been popularized, stakeholders have implemented a policy that uses standard technical programs for midwifery practice. Midwives have received training in APN, PI, and STIs, but due to funding restrictions, they have never received training in HIV/AIDS counseling. There is no such thing as BPM; only the central IBI does monitoring and assessment, which is done only through monthly reports. The coordination of NGOs, KPAD Regional Child Protection Commission, Public Health Office, The Indonesian Midwives Association, and BPM in the execution of monitoring and evaluation is insufficient, and only IBI is carried out, unplanned, carried out at any moment if it is going to prolong the practice permit. BPM has not yet received special supervision. Coordination amongst stakeholders during the implementation of supervision is insufficient. In an effort to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS, health education facilities for pregnant women in BPM have been provided with posters, flipcharts, and MCH handbooks. There are four VCT clinics and three PMTCT clinics.
 Conclusion: Program to improve midwives' abilities as health educators for expectant mothers in an effort to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS at BPM (independent practice midwives) Jombang City. In order to improve coordination between stakeholders (KPAD Regional Child Protection Commission, Public Health Office, and IBI The Indonesian Midwives Association with BPM in monitoring and supervision, train counselors for BPM (independent practice midwives), and have midwives become more motivated to provide IEC and continue to improve professionalism in providing midwifery services, advocacy is required to the Regional/ Legislative Council
 
 
 

Технология на работа в учебно предприятие

The training enterprise / training company is an innovative model for training in entrepreneurship, economics and business administration. In Bulgaria, this model has been applied since 1994. The activity of the training enterprises is organized and managed by the Center of Training Firms /CETF/ Sofia. The created online platform simulates the activity of the State and its institutions and allows training companies to operate in an environment that is as close as possible to the reality in the country. There are 8 offices in this platform: Registry Agency, Bank, National Revenue Agency, Wholesale Exchange, Patent Office, Commission for Personal Data Protection, Agriculture Office and Banking Supervision Management. A mandatory condition is that every teacher who teaches a subject Work in a training enterprise has undergone training as a manager and has a certificate. Most training enterprises have a mentor company from the real business that gives advice to the trainees on how to run their firm. The Center for Learning has been a member of the World Network of Learning Enterprises – EUROPEN PEN International since 2003. Annually there is a fair of educational enterprises in Plovdiv, where their activities are presented, deals are concluded, competitions are held. This article presents a model of the technology of work in a training enterprise in the Vocational High School of Commerce and Restaurant Vratsa.

Overview of New Soft-Law Materials Designed to Promote Competition Law Compliance in Serbia

The last three years have been very dynamic for the competition authority in Serbia. The newly elected Council and President of the Commission for Protection of Competition (Serbian NCA) have brought a much-needed change to competition enforcement in Serbia, shifting the focus of enforcement from solely individual cases, to looking at the bigger picture and promoting competition law compliance as the preferred business model. During this period, the Serbian NCA has published several soft-law instruments, issuing its first Guidelines for Drafting compliance programmes, accompanied by a Template compliance programme and two compliance Checklists, aimed at identifying competition law related risks. These materials, meant to raise competition law awareness, were accompanied by vigorous advocacy activities in promoting competition law compliance. The overall aim was to foster voluntary compliance with competition law, promoting competition as a positive value in doing business, and ensuring compliance from the bottom up.

Taxonomy of Chinas’s “Green” Economy

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the development of the energy system of modern China. The analysis of the main directions of the formation of the system of renewable energy sources in the country is carried out, the current regulatory and legal acts regulating the direction of development in the field of energy are considered. In the PRC, under the current conditions, preference is given to economic growth and ensuring energy security due to a moderate increase in generating capacity from fossil sources using modern available technologies to minimize damage from their use, while simultaneously increasing renewable energy sources (RES). One of the main reasons for increasing renewable energy in China is strategic in nature: by increasing the share of renewable sources in its energy balance for electricity consumption, China can reduce geopolitical tensions, making the country less dependent on unstable regions in terms of energy security. The energy market, dependent on fossil fuels, depends on ensuring the safety of oil and gas transportation routes, but one of the main reasons why the Chinese government is promoting renewable energy is to reduce air pollution. The NPC Environmental Protection Committee has repeatedly noted that the production and consumption of fossil fuel energy is responsible for 90% of sulfur dioxide emissions in the country and that for this reason, 7 of the 10 most polluted cities in the world are located in China. The country is working on the reconstruction and modernization of production facilities in order to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, technologies for carbon capture, use and storage are being developed. Currently, the country is implementing a very important transition from control over the total volume of energy consumption and the energy intensity of GDP to a new “double control” — control over the total amount of carbon emissions and the intensity of emissions.

HANDLING OF CHILDREN WHO ARE VICTIMS OF EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE: A LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS STUDY

In 2016, cases of violence against children in South Sulawesi started to receive special attention from the local government and the Indonesian Child Protection Commission. There were numerous cases of child abuse in South Sulawesi in 2016. Sexual violence is one of the most common forms of violence. This research, which is a normative legal research, seeks to determine the various forms of exploitation and violence against children in South Sulawesi as well as assess the efforts of the regional government of South Sulawesi in handling these crimes against children. It uses the statutory and case approaches. The collected legal materials were analysed qualitatively. The results show that children in South Sulawesi do not suffer only physical violence but also non-physical violence. The government of South Sulawesi currently plays an active role in tackling and preventing exploitation and violence against children. Also, stakeholders work together in synergy.

Observing 2021–22 data breach decisions of the Irish Data Protection Commission

The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) regulates many of the top global technology companies and as such its decisions have a significant impact on the companies and on the many users of their platforms. This article examines a number of recent data breach decisions of the DPC and finds them forensic, focused, reasoned and formulaic in approach. The decisions deal with key General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provisions, notably on requirements for data breach notification and communication with data subjects. In a change of strategy earlier this year, the DPC no longer offers guidance to controllers dealing with a breach, as was its previous practice. Decisions such as these are likely to help fill that vacuum.

Bulgaria ∙ Priorities of the Bulgarian Competition Protection Commission in 2023

Bulgaria ∙ Priorities of the Bulgarian Competition Protection Commission in 2023

Legal Analysis of the Disparity Between Indonesia's Legal Basis and Its Implementation in Protecting Human Rights

The power that is held by human rights might be described as fundamental or basic in nature. People are able to more readily violate the rights of others since many people still do not understand how violation cases work. As a result, there are cases of violations that occur at the present time. A qualitative research method that takes an approach based on statutory regulation is the one that was used for this study. According to the findings presented in the conclusion, the protection and maintenance of human rights within the national institutional framework are established in institutions such as the National Women's Commission (Komnas Perempuan), the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), and the Commission on Truth and Reconciliation. These institutions include the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), and the Commission on Truth and Reconciliation (TRC). Despite this, the KKR was dissolved because it was seen to be incapable of performing its duties in an adequate manner.

Implementation barriers and facilitators to a COVID-19 intervention in Bangladesh: The benefits of engaging the community for the delivery of the programme

BackgroundBRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), the largest NGO globally, implemented a community-based comprehensive social behavior communication intervention to increase community resilience through prevention, protection, and care for COVID-19. We conducted implementation research to assess fidelity and explore the barriers and facilitators of this intervention implementation.MethodsWe adopted a concurrent mixed-method triangulation design. We interviewed 666 members of 60 Community Corona Protection Committees (CCPCs) and 80 members of 60 Community Support Teams (CSTs) through multi-stage cluster sampling using a structured questionnaire. The qualitative components relied on 54 key informant interviews with BRAC implementers and government providers.ResultsThe knowledge about wearing mask, keeping social distance, washing hands and COVID-19 symptoms were high (on average more than 70%) among CCPC and CST members. While 422 (63.4%) CCPC members reported they ‘always’ wear a mask while going out, 69 (86.3%) CST members reported the same practice. Only 247 (37.1%) CCPC members distributed masks, and 229 (34.4%) donated soap to the underprivileged population during the last two weeks preceding the survey. The key facilitators included influential community members in the CCPC, greater acceptability of the front-line health workers, free-of-cost materials, and telemedicine services. The important barriers identified were insufficient training, irregular participation of the CCPC members, favouritism of CCPC members in distributing essential COVID-19 preventive materials, disruption in supply and shortage of the COVID-19 preventative materials, improper use of handwashing station, the non-compliant attitude of the community people, challenges to ensure home quarantine, challenges regarding telemedicine with network interruptions, lack of coordination among stakeholders, the short duration of the project.ConclusionsEngaging the community in combination with health services through a Government-NGO partnership is a sustainable strategy for implementing the COVID-19 prevention program. Engaging the community should be promoted as an integral component of any public health intervention for sustainability. Engagement structures should incorporate a systems perspective to facilitate the relationships, ensure the quality of the delivery program, and be mindful of the heterogeneity of different community members concerning capacity building. Finally, reaching out to the underprivileged through community engagement is also an effective mechanism to progress through universal health coverage.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Operasi Selaput Dara dan Keharmonisan Keluarga

This study aims to analyze the status of Islamic law in hymen surgery which is becoming a trend among the public, so that legal certainty will be known whether it is permissible or prohibited to do, so that it becomes a reference for people who will carry out hymen surgery. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using a document approach. The document study approach is a study that focuses on the analysis of written materials based on their context, materials can be in the form of books, scientific publications, newspapers, manuscripts, or articles. In this study, it can be concluded that most of the teenage girls who have lost their virginity are caused by promiscuity as evidenced by the results of a survey conducted by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission, many of them even become pregnant out of wedlock as a result of this association so that when they marry they are already in non-virgin state. This has an impact on self-confidence for a woman who is about to get married because she is already in a state of virginity, thus triggering the intention to perform hymen surgery. Hymen surgery is focused on intention, if a person does hymen surgery with the intention that her husband does not know that she has had sexual intercourse with other people then this is forbidden, but vice versa if a woman has hymen surgery because of an injury caused not because of Sexual intercourse is permissible under Islamic law.