Commercialization Of Research Results Research Articles

Researchers engaging with society: who does what?

Abstract Distinguishing between research collaboration, consultancy, dissemination, and commercialization of research results, this paper analyses the determinants of researchers’ societal engagement. The analytical framework integrates societal engagement as part of the credibility cycle. Several variables extend previous findings on determinants and mechanisms—herein scientific recognition and funding sources. A novel method to investigate the relationship between scientific recognition and societal engagement is explored. Drawing on a large-scale survey of European-based researchers in physics, cardiology, and economics, we find that several factors are associated with different modes of societal engagement in complex and intersecting ways. Scientific recognition is positively associated with research collaboration and dissemination, while organizational seniority is associated with all modes except for research collaboration with non-scientific actors. Female gender is positively associated with dissemination and external funding sources are positively associated will all. The findings intersect with differences in the three research fields.

The use of internet and social media as marketing tools in commercialization of research results

The use of internet and social media as marketing tools in commercialization of research results

Improvement of Ukraines innovation policy based on the experience of Poland

The strategic and program documents that defined the goals and tasks for the activation of innovative development of Poland since joining the EU were analyzed. The content of institutional reforms to ensure the effectiveness of the innovation strategy and directions for improving the financial mechanism for supporting innovatively active enterprises and stimulating the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Poland are considered. A comparative analysis of the indicators of research and innovation activity of Ukraine and Poland for 2016–2022 was conducted. The positive dynamics of indicators of the financial and personnel components of research and development activity, the growth of the effectiveness of innovation activity in Poland in recent years were revealed. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the state innovation policy of Poland, in particular in terms of the application of fiscal instruments and the implementation of the mechanism for expanding cooperation between research organizations and entrepreneurs. The study of the dynamics of the main indicators of scientific research and innovation activity of Ukraine showed that during the studied period there was a significant decrease in the level of financing of scientific research, a reduction in personnel potential and a decrease in the competitiveness of domestic enterprises on foreign markets of high-tech products. The expediency of implementing the Polish experience in Ukraine for improving the state innovation policy based on the introduction of measures to stimulate the innovative activity of enterprises, improving the financial and information support of scientific research and innovation activities is substantiated. Based on the Polish experience, it is proposed to introduce in Ukraine a mixed system of financial support for innovative enterprises, which includes subsidies, tax discounts, technological credits, grants for research and innovation. The importance of applying organizational and informational measures for the formation of innovative thinking of entrepreneurs, expansion of cooperation of enterprises with research centers and commercialization of research results is substantiated.

TINJAUAN TERHADAP FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI DALAM PENGKOMERSIALAN PENYELIDIKAN DI UNIVERSITI

Commercialization of research is receiving increasing attention across various research fields in universities. The aim of this study is to identify the differences in demographic factors (gender, age, position, type of university, research experience, knowledge of commercialization, and research field) in research commercialization activities among lecturers in public universities in Malaysia. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used, and a sample size of 155 lecturers was selected through simple random sampling from 20 public universities in Malaysia. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form distributed via email. Subsequently, the collected data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The results of the t-Test and ANOVA analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in research commercialization activities based on demographic factors, including gender, age, position, type of university, research experience, knowledge of commercialization, and research field. This demonstrates that academic researchers should not perceive demographic factors as barriers to their research commercialization activities. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to benefit those involved in formulating various strategies and decision-making processes, with the aim of stimulating greater efforts in the commercialization of research results, especially at the university level.

ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ И В ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article discusses the development of higher education in Russia and in the Orenburg region, analyzes its reform and the university system. Particular attention is paid to the spatial location of universities and the role of universities in the development of resource-type regions. The study was conducted using methods of comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, tabular and interpretation of the results obtained. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of higher education in the Orenburg region and develop practical recommendations for its improvement. The article compares the development of higher education in Russia, in the Volga Federal District and in the Orenburg Region, as well as in different types of regions. Using the example of the Orenburg region, it is shown that the positions of universities in resource-type regions are deteriorating. This is manifested in a decrease in the number of students, a reduction in the teaching staff and in the loss of competition for status university. However, regional universities play an important role in the development of the productive forces of the region: personnel training, scientific research, improvement of cultural space, development of international relations, etc. Recommendations are offered on strengthening the base of regional universities, providing conditions for the employment of graduates in the region, organizing the “feeding” of teaching staff by graduates of high-status universities of the country. In conditions when the paradigm of higher school development is directed towards academic capitalism, it is proposed to distinguish between commercial and academic activities, that is, some are mainly engaged in the commercialization of research results, others are mainly engaged in teaching activities. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the processes of higher school development and provides an opportunity to use proposals for improving higher education education in the region.

The role of academic spin-off companies in improving the competitiveness of universities

Object: The development of innovations and commercialization of research results is a complex and important task of university management. Ensuring the relationship between science, education and business is becoming a target priority of the state as a whole, since such an approach is able to ensure the economic development of the country through the introduction of innovative products in various areas of production.Methods: General methods in economics, a logical description of the components and functions of digital technologies, a systematic approach.Results: The authors present a model of academic spin-off, developed based on studying various approaches to the content and organization of spin-off companies and the best international experience and reflecting the mechanism of spin-off functioning at universities in Kazakhstan and the role of management in this process. The authors conclude and recommend the improvement of the relationship between science, education, and business to ensure the economic development of the country through the introduction of innovative products in various areas of production.Conclusions: University should be the link between science and business. Effective university management in organizing spin-off companies at the university will allow businesses to understand its importance and the need to participate in the educational and scientific process. Another problem is the lack of innovative manufacturing entrepreneurship. The university can also play an important role in this problem, which will provide the training of relevant specialists.

Establishment of a Technology Exchange Operated under Enterprise Model

Technology Exchange (TEx) is an operating model to commercialize research results; support and advise science and technology (S&T) organizations and businesses in technology exchange and transfer, and act as a bridge between the research and development (R&D) activities and production/business sector.
 There have been many studies on the operating model of the Technology Exchange, the commercialization of research results and the policies for technology market development in Viet Nam. However, these studies have not yet shown any specific and feasible operating model for the operation of the Technology Exchange.
 This paper analyzes the theoretical and practical basis to propose the establishment of a business-driven Technology Exchange model to develop the technology market in Vietnam.

THE MECHANISM OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS AS A DIRECTION FOR THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article proposes a mechanism for the commercialization of research results as a direction for the effective implementation of the strategy for innovative development of higher education. It is argued that the commercialization of research results is an important source of filling the budget revenues of higher education institutions and the state in the first place, as well as a factor in attracting long-term investments in its research and educational activities. The main functional elements of the innovative development of higher education in the information economy through the commercialization of the results of their research are highlighted. Inconsistencies of Ukrainian legislation with respect to determining the owner of the results of scientific research are disclosed. To systematize such subjects on the basis of the analysis of the relationships in the direction of ensuring the innovative development of higher education by commercializing the results of scientific research, an organizational-functional model of ensuring the innovative development of higher education is proposed. Regarding the objects of commercialization, two approaches are considered, which are reflected in the structural and functional elements of our model of innovative development of higher education. As a result, five logically interconnected stages of the implementation of the commercialization mechanism have been disclosed, which is a step-by-step action plan combined with a continuous analysis of the results and their adjustment to optimize the commercialization process. Keywords: Education Economics, Innovative Development, Scientific Research, Commercialization of Scientific Research, Mechanism of Commercialization.

The commercialization of research results in medicine

The commercialization of research results, understood as their use and dissemination to other entities in a manner that allows for financial gain. In this regard, the general rules that apply to the commercial exploitation of economic and trans­ferable intellectual property rights protecting the results of scientific activities are supplemented with specific statutory regulations. They define the procedure for the commercialization of the results of scientific activities carried out in univer­sities and research institutes, the rights and obligations of researchers in the field of commercialization and the rules for distribution of profits from commercialization between the entity and the single author or members of the research teams.

Digital vector of Ukraine development: formation of national industry of oceanographic geospatial data

A step-by-step deployment of work on the creation of a national geospatial data infrastructure within the digital development of Ukraine is considered. The goals of mentioned infrastructure are as follows: provision of the open access to data, in particular the data and knowledge of scientific researches and observations; involvement of the national oceanographic scientific community in the global network of “big data”, further commercialization of research results, creation of innovations, digital products and services. The digital industry of oceanographic geospatial data is expected to become one of the components of the national digital geospatial data infrastructure. It will primarily cover the oceanography, considering the scale and complexity of hydrophysical processes in the oceans, the multifaceted impact and use of data for the sustainable development and economic activity; as well as conceptually modernize data production and disposal. The article presents an analysis of the Law on the National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data regarding the provisions that have to be fulfilled by the holders of oceanographic data. Considering that in accordance to the Law the national geospatial data infrastructure does not cover the entire array of collected oceanographic data, additional preparatory measures are proposed for the formation of a modern infrastructure and digital industry of oceanographic data. Creation of a modern digital industry of oceanographic data requires concerted efforts and consolidated actions of the state, scientific community, business entities and interested civil society. Its creation will ensure an appropriate level of participation and form a positive image of Ukraine in the framework of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021—2030).

Зарубежный опыт распространения новых знаний в сельском хозяйстве

The role of information support and popularization of the results of scientific and production activities in the agrarian sphere and the peculiarity of the development of scientific developments abroad are shown. The assessment and indices of new knowledge in foreign countries, the commercialization of research results, and methods of innovative teaching and the most popular ways of disseminating new knowledge are discussed.

Quality of Scientific Activity, Technology Transfer and Research Integrity: Case of Ukrainian University

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts “quality of scientific activity”, “technology transfer” and “research integrity”. The main task of research is to offer practical tools for maintaining research integrity as elements of the internal and external quality assurance system of education and research. One of the working hypotheses of the study is the correlation between the quality of educational activities at the university, the quality of research and the level of interest of customers of innovative developments in the process of transfer and commercialization of research results. The first two components are determined by the “purity” of research through the implementation of the principles of research integrity. The schematic relationship between the individual goals of sustainable development characterizes the relationship “university − the quality of research − technology transfer – industry”. A logical scheme between research integrity, technology transfer and procedures for internal and external research quality assurance is proposed. The abstract-logical method and the method of induction-deduction were used to analyze the relationship between the concepts of “quality of scientific activity”, “technology transfer” and “research integrity”. Bibliometric analysis was performed using SciVal and VOSviewer tools based on data from the scientific-metric databases Scopus and Web of Science. Based on the bibliometric analysis, it was found that the query “research integrity” identifies the main violations of research integrity and shows a strong link between the quality of research and success in the transfer of knowledge and technology from university to industry. The main problems of the development of technology transfer between the university and industry at the national level are analyzed. A separate block of problems related to research integrity is identified. The case of the national university on creation of university system of maintenance of research integrity and development of infrastructure of maintenance of scientific activity within the limits of the specified system is resulted. The results of the work can be useful for the triangle “business education-science” to reconcile the interests of all the “vertices” of the triangle under the mandatory condition – ensuring the quality of educational and research activities in universities as centers of intellectual potential.

Питання організації менеджменту створення, охорони об’єктів права інтелектуальної власності та трансферу технологій у наукових установах

The successful implementation of the Strategy for the development of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030 involves taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of management of the creation, protection of intellectual property rights objects (IPRO) and technology transfer. Therefore, the article is aimed at studying these aspects in scientific institutions and developing effective proposals in this context. The article considers the importance of the role of objects of intellectual property rights in the activities of scientific institutions and the need for full functioning in these institutions of the units for technology transfer, innovation activity and intellectual property. The authors examine the problems that hinder the development of such units in scientific institutions and institutions of higher education. Based on the research of the experience of the aforementioned units in both domestic and foreign scientific institutions, it is recommended to introduce and develop in Ukraine mechanisms of the State support for innovation activities, technology transfer, commercialization of research results, intellectual property objects taking into account the experience of the EU Member States, technologically developed countries, directed towards developing innovations in business; combining business and scientific institutions, higher education institutions for research and development for transfer of technologies in the interests of enterprises; support of high-tech industries; development of innovative activities at the regional level. Important issues, in particular, are the development of model agreements for research and development with various options for the distribution of intellectual property rights between scientific organizations and national or foreign counterparties, which would take into account the international practice of concluding such agreements; development of provisions defining the peculiarities of creation and use of intellectual property objects by employees of the NAS of Ukraine who work in foreign projects and scientific institutions, as well as foreign specialists conducting research and development in institutions of the NAS of Ukraine. The nuances of management of the creation, protection of objects of intellectual property rights and technology transfer in scientific institutions related to the innovative attractiveness of enterprises are planned to be highlighted in further scientific research.

UNIVERSITY CENTERS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AS A DETERMINANT OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC STABILITY AND QUALITY OF EDUCATION

The relationship between technology transfer and the quality of education and financial support for the technology transfer center is shown. To form a successful career for future graduates with the active introduction of scientific activity elements, a tool is needed not so much for theoretical training (basic research) as for practical "cases" of successful implementation of research results in the real sector of the economy. In this case, the structure of higher education institutions should be a unit (units) of commercialization of research and transfer of knowledge and technology or a system that combines several structural units. Achieving high efficiency in the implementation of research results requires appropriate human resources. A team formed under the leadership of an experienced scientist from young scientists - graduates of higher education of the second and third level. In this case, training through research and ensuring a high scientific level of staff are important tasks of the higher education quality assurance system. The model of activity of the center of technology transfer with a combination of potential of each direction is offered: publishing activity, grant activity, intellectual property, actually commercialization of results of researches and transfer of technologies and knowledge. Examples of practical implementation of the model of financing certain areas of activity of the technology transfer center are presented. The main indicators for assessing the activities of free economic zones in the commercialization of research results and technology transfer are identified. The proposed model of technology transfer in free economic education as an indicator of quality assessment of higher education according to the criteria of accreditation of educational programs is branched and can be modified depending on the type of free economic education and the predominant source of research funding. The algorithms for financing the technology transfer process presented in the paper are adapted to specific application conditions. They can be a tool for knowledge management through the quality of research. Keywords: quality of education, technology transfer, financial indicators, relationship model.

SOURCES OF FINANCING TASKS FOR PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FINDINGS IN LIGHT OF THEIR REPORTING

The purpose of this study is to recognize the share of self-generated sources of financing for activities of public higher education institutions as part of their general stream of financing. Therefore, the key question that will be answered in this study is: how is the structure of financing sources of a studied institution of higher education formed? In the theoretical section, findings were based on the results of literature research. In turn, in the empirical part, findings were based on the results of a case study supported by observation in a multi-field participating university. The entity's financial statements were also used. On the basis of the research results, the structure of financing sources for the studied public institution of higher education was determined, indicating the possibility of using the entity's financial reporting for this purpose. It was noticed, based on the classification of the sources of financial supply indicated in the literature, that they are heterogeneous – drawn from both the public and private sectors. An increase in the share of funds supplied from the private sector was also revealed. In turn, private sources mainly came from fees related to the teaching process. Private sources also included those from commercialization of research results. The research presented in the study has provided new knowledge about the structure of the financing sources of a public education of higher institution in the context of current conditions for its functioning. In particular, the research helps supplement the existing scarcity of knowledge about the share of self-generated financing for a public higher education institution in the general financing stream of its activities.

Policy relevance and the ethical conduct of science.

Scientific enquiry and the communication of science are essential to achieving development goals. The demand for evidence-based policy poses a challenge to maintaining the ethical conduct of science. The modern scientist faces intense competition in light of the changing nature of collaborative efforts, the quickening pace and increasing complexity of research endeavours and a growing emphasis on commercialisation of research results. Academic performance criteria continually change, becoming more demanding and increasing complex to measure. The integrity of the scientific community is challenged by cases of falsification, fabrication and plagiarism. The mass production of science outputs, evidenced by the incredible rise of predatory journals, poses risks for the veracity of science. Yet, scientists are not the only ones driven by performance targets. Under the constant scrutiny of governing boards, research and development funders-both public and private-are increasingly pressed to demonstrate outputs, outcomes and impact. There is an urgent need for independent research but also a need for consensus with regard to policy guidance. Consensus studies expect scientists to make sense of the available science and find a way of presenting the controversies, contradictions and convergence of evidence to guide policy decisions. Policy consensus dialogues can valorise science guidance. These practices adopt multidisciplinary approaches, bringing top-rated scientists from a variety of disciplines around the table to contribute best practice examples, share experiences and lessons learnt against the background of solid critique of existing research.

Integrated Commercialization Model of Research and Development Project Results

Abstract The need to undertake research work on the commercialization of results from scientific research and development projects emerged from the Author’s professional experience as well as the incomprehensive literature on the role of Polish research institutes in the process of technology transfer and commercialization of innovative solutions, in particular in the case of mining machinery and equipment. From the available literature, the commercialization of research results and technology transfer are analyzed from the perspectives of academia and entrepreneurs, but there is no analysis of this challenge from the perspective of the research institutes which create the majority of innovative solutions implemented in Poland. The research results presented in this article identify and highlight not only the main factors which facilitate knowledge transfer in the widest sense, but also the barriers which should be overcome. An integrated commercialization model of research results, developed by the Author, is described in the article. Some examples of other models, used to assess innovative technology transfer processes, i.e. Transfer model of the Cracow University of Technology, Jolly’s model, United model (science + market), Trzmielak’s linear – subsequent model, Network – interactive model and IpOp model, are also presented. Special attention is paid to the process of generating innovative ideas and to the area of efficient project management. Based on the integrated model, practical management recommendations for the successful commercialization of innovative solutions are given. It is highlighted that the integrated model can be treated as a diagnostic tool, enabling an efficient assessment of the transfer of research results and commercialization of innovative solutions.

Principles of providing innovative development of enterprises

Purpose. The aim of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using theoretical and methodological tools to ensure the innovative development of enterprises and to further forming the practical basis for their effective functioning. Methodology of research. General and special methods are used in the course of research, in particular: dialectical, monographic and system analysis – to substantiate the essence of innovations, innovative development, to determine the possibilities of further use of the “TAMO” model; graphic, abstract and logical – when forming conceptual bases of innovative development of enterprises. Findings. It is determined that the innovative development of an enterprise should be defined as a process of directed regular change of its state, which depends on purposeful, consistent movement to a balanced innovation state under the influence of synergistic action of innovative potential, periodic regrouping of forces caused by the logic of STP, the source of which are innovations that create innovations that create new opportunities through the ability to find strategic priorities and purposeful search for ideas, new solutions, ways to commercialize them and implement them as stimulants ensure victory in the competition. It is proved that the formation of the conceptual foundations for ensuring the innovative development of the enterprise is directly influenced by the features that determine the theoretical foundations, the methodological basis, the main components of management and its further improvement. The scheme of conceptual bases for the management of innovative development of enterprises is formed, which contains the concept of object and subject of research, mission and goals, methodological basis and levels by which they study the need for innovations, the potential of innovative development is evaluated, the directions of realization are determined: theoretical, methodological, instrumental, organizational and practical, commercialization of research results, international and public-private partnership on financing of innovative activity and efficiency in innovative business. Originality. The definition of the essence of innovative development of the enterprise has been further developed; the scheme of conceptual and practical bases of providing of such development of the enterprises with definition of directions of realization has been formed. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can be used to extend the use of the “TAMO” model in the process of creating and commercializing innovations through the formation of an innovative trajectory using the conceptual framework scheme to manage the innovation development of enterprises. Key words: innovative development, enterprise, commercialization of innovations, efficiency, management.

DIVERSIFICATION OF FINANCING SOURCES OF HEIS IN UKRAINE

In the conditions of information economy, is growing the role of sectors capable of generating new knowledge, thus contributing to the country's economic development. The intellectual and innovative potential of the higher education system can transform the higher education institutions (hereinafter HEI) into one of the key drivers for activating the processes of the information economy formation.In modern social-economic conditions, is becoming urgent to modernize the higher education system in response to the actual demands of the external economic environment; the modernization processes require adequate funding. Taking into account the potential and the tendency of HEIs transformation into economic entities, it is important to create the preconditions for diversification of their funding sources at the state level.The financial aspects of the HEIs functioning, the aspects of diversification of funding sources of higher education system are being researching by the number of scientists: Kaleniuk I., Bogolib T., Kuklin O., Tsymbal L., Buchkovskaya Ya., Radionova I., Komarova I., Volikov V., Devol R., Lee J., Ratnatunga M., etc.Problems of diversification of financial sources require further research, in particular — the prospects of commercialization of universities’ research results.The research objective: study of diversification of financing sources of the Ukrainian higher education institutions.The article analyzes tendencies of financing of the Ukrainian higher education system. The analysis demonstrated a gradual reduction of public funding for higher education. Exogenous and endogenous problems of commercialization of universities research results are specified in the article.The author comes to the conclusion about the necessity of diversification of funding sources of the Ukrainian higher educational institutions. The author identifies the commercialization of research results of higher educational institutions as one of priority funding sources.

APPROACH TO THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY’S RESEARCH ON THE BASES OF SPIN-OFF COMPANIES’ CREATION

The article covers the theoretical approaches to the definition of the “academic spin-offs” concept, substantiates the need for the development of organizational forms of small innovative entrepreneurship in a university environment. The analysis of the prerequisites, factors and mechanisms for the creation and development of spin-off organizations. A set of measures was developed aimed at increasing the entrepreneurial activity of universities and stimulating the processes of commercialization of research results.