Commercial Shop Research Articles

Five-footways: the generator of public realm in Malaysian historical urban centre

PurposeFive-footways are an important feature in historical urban centres of tropical South East Asian cities. These colonnades along the rows of commercial shop houses provide comfortable pedestrian walkways. In spite of the decline of the liveability in many historical urban centres, the “kaki-lima” or five-footways in Klang Valley Malaysia are bustling and alive. Many studies have been done on kaki-lima, however it focuses mostly on historical and cultural context. There is lack of understanding on how the physical attributes of kaki-lima facilitate the liveliness of urban life. The paper aims to investigate the five-footway as the generator of public realm and to analyse the physical attributes of the five-footways that contribute to the “stickiness” of the public space.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized behaviour mapping to identify the sticky activity, then subsequently used Roger Barker's theory of Behaviour Settings to observe different stationary activities along the five-footways of the historical centres of Kuala Lumpur and Klang.FindingsThe findings show that all the identified behaviour settings along the five-footways are strongly characterised by tropical climate and local diverse culture. Additionally, the small architectural detail provides an important physical setting for informal activities to take a place in the five-footways.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited only to two urban heritage districts in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur and Klang.Practical implicationsThe findings have the implication for the public space policy of the local municipalities, specifically for urban design policy of the five-footways. Firstly, the inclusion of five-footways should be encouraged in any new shophouse development and secondly, the policy maker should consider to retain certain physical features of the five-footways that support not only the informal economy activities but also the creation of third places in the neighbourhoods.Originality/valueThis study will contribute to the discourse of urbanism, especially in understanding the public realm in South East Asian cities. Additionally, the outcomes will assist the local municipality in developing urban design policy of the five-footways.

A linguistics landscape of an Indonesian metropolitan spot: A glimpse over Braga

This paper analyzes and explores the use of language in public spaces using the field of linguistics landscape. The purpose is to indicate and analyze the linguistic landscape features of billboards, road signs, commercial shop signs, campaign posters, etc that found in Braga Street, Bandung City. Braga Street is one of the famous areas in Bandung because Braga has many unique buildings so that people, especially youngsters come to Braga even just to hang out. The data collected by the writer are virtual spaces using the Google Street View application. The writer explores the Braga Street area with that application and then takes screenshots of those signs. Qualitative descriptive conducted in this paper by applying Shohamy and Gorter’s theory which refers to the analysis of the characteristics of bilingual and multilingual signs to better understand the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural city. The result is the use of monolingual and bilingual signs dominates especially in the private sector. Sundanese is still maintained by the people as evidenced by the existence of signs that use the local language. English is a foreign language that is quite often used by sign makers in this Braga Street area. This is because English can attract visitors by giving an impression, especially in the economic sector as their marketing strategy. Although the multilingual aspect in the Braga area is still very minimal, it can still show that the use of language in public spaces (Braga Street) areas is already varied.

THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BANSKÁ BYSTRICA

This paper focuses on the quantitative and qualitative systematic analysis of the multimodal semiosphere pertaining to the linguistic landscape of the selected urban spaces in Banská Bystrica. It examines public urban communication in the form of text-based public signs (road signs, billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, public signs, etc.) as information units to which passers-by are exposed. This paper explores both local features and commonalities that may show the patterns of globalisation, as well as general areal and historical patterns.

Linguistic landscaping in medical settings

The field of linguistic landscape (LL) is concerned with monolingual and bi/-multilingual patterns and practices enacted on ‘public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings’ (Landry & Bourhis, 1997: 25). Since the publication of Landry and Bourhis’ (1997) research study, much more attention has been paid towards LL research, especially after the appearance of a Linguistic Landscape special issue of the International Journal of Multilingualism 3(1) (2006) (reproduced as the book Linguistic Landscape: A New Approach to Multilingualism [Gorter, 2006]). There has also been increased discussion of specific locations, such as multilingualism in Tokyo (Backhaus, 2007), English in the neighbourhoods of Johor Bahru City in Malaysia (McKiernan, 2019), and Jawi, an endangered orthography in the Malaysian LL (Coluzzi, 2020).

المركز القانوني للزبون في المؤسسة التجارية

The commercial establishment or the commercial store, or the store is regarded as one of the means used in the Trade and Business Law. Despite the importance of this institution as the window through which the merchant can perform his activity and discharge the product of his work, as well as the rights related to it, and contrary to the position of some comparative legislation, we find that the Iraqi legislator in light of the rules established under the effective trade law No. 30 of 1984, has not undertaken provisions related to this establishment and its concept except for some general indications when explaining the provisions related to the trade name as in the text of Article (24 / second). It only stipulates that (It is not permissible to dispose of the trade name independently of the commercial shop). In spite of the unity of the commercial institution, it differs from legal or legal persons such as companies in that the commercial establishment is a facility owned by one or more persons that do not have a legal personality. I do not have an independent legal entity, and therefore I have a financial liability independent of the receivables of the owners it has. Despite that the commercial establishment is a moral and movable property having a financial value that can be disposed of in all kinds of legal dispositions such as selling, mortgaging and renting, and a share in the company can be offered. The issue of research in the commercial establishment raises the question of the presence of clients in it and their legal adaptation and the extent to which this element in the commercial organization can be considered as an element of financial value, which is what the study used to deal with.

Blurring the boundaries

A brief stroll about the cityscape of South Korea (henceforth ‘Korea’) testifies to Curtin's (2014) presumptive cosmopolitanism, whereby locals are expected to possess a high degree of competence in linguistically accommodating newcomers or world travellers by using English or other international languages in the linguistic landscape. One can easily spot English monolingual, Korean–English bilingual, and multilingual signs for ‘advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop[s] and . . . government buildings’ (Landry & Bourhis, 1997: 25), helping visitors and new arrivals negotiate the environment without being literate in the local language, Korean. The current English-flooded linguistic landscape of urban areas is well described in J. S. Lee's (2016) study, in which an elderly interviewee confirms, ‘[E]verywhere you go, you see English – banks, markets, and things. When we go shopping these days, brand names and street signs are all in English’ (331).

Linguistic Landscape as a Pedagogical Tool in Teaching and Learning English in Oman

English language learning does not only happen within the four corners of the classroom, but it may occur even within the learner‟s immediate community. Learning English can be enhanced through various resources like the available linguistic landscape. According to Landry and Bourhis (1997, p. 25) the term linguistic landscape (LL) is defined as the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the LL of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration. As such, it contributes to an additional languagelearning tool for language learners. It is, therefore, the focus of this study to examine the use of the linguistic landscape as a pedagogical resource in teaching and learning English. This study examines explicitly the shop names and signage in Oman. To carry on the study, fifty (50) shop names and signage in Al Buraimi, Oman were collected and analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that the linguistic landscape does not only provide awareness about the English language, but it also enhances the learners‟ English language skills. This study supports the notion that exposing learners to the linguistic landscape provides awareness of the languages used in public signs, which indicate or give evidence of what languages are locally relevant (Kasanga, 2012). This study offers new insights on how classroom activities can be extended to the streets of the learners‟ community.

Research on Linguistic Landscape: Observing the Minute in the Bigger Picture

very new and fresh area where scholarly world is focusing its attention on is linguistic landscape. Linguistic landscape is ‘the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, place names, street names, commercial shop signs and public signs on government buildings of a given territory, region or urban agglomeration’ (Landry & Bourhis, 1997, p.25). Linguistic landscape can be taken as observing the minute words present in the public space in the bigger picture of the landscape of an urban area. It is becoming an interesting phenomenon to uncover social realities. It can be used to observe and analyze the changing trends and discourses in a given territory. Research on linguistic landscape started in late 1970s and sped its pace from the year 2006 onwards and now has become a proper field of study in applied linguistics, having a total of more than three hundred research papers to date. Linguistic landscape has been used to analyze jargons and register of different types of institutions for example, a hospital, a disco club, a restaurant or a Church etc. It has been used to analyze the semiotics of a particular area. The study of linguistic landscape has shown which languages are popular in one area and which are getting abandoned in another area. It has also focused on the negative attitudes of people related to one language and positive perceptions linked with another language. This conceptual paper will trace its history and reach conclusions on how this thriving field of study can be further extended.

Mapping the Linguistic Landscape of Kuala Lumpur

Abstract: Linguistic landscape (LL) refers to the visibility and salience of languages on public and commercial signs in a given territory or region. The highest density of signs can be found in cities and towns, particularly in the main shopping streets and industrial areas. This study is a synchronic analysis of digitally photographed commercial shop signs in three selected regions of Kuala Lumpur that focuses on the patterns of the language use. Findings reveal bilingual shop signs dominated the shopping streets in the areas adjacent to and within Kuala Lumpur and English being more prevalent than the national language or other languages. There was also visibility of foreign languages that offers linguistic diversity in the cityscapes. In summary, multilingualism in the areas boils down to different languages being used and functioning in differing ways.

WHY INNOVATE IN MARKETING? A CASE OF POSH NAIL SPA

Manicures and pedicures are gaining market popularity in Malaysia. The evolution in beauty and personal care industry offers more opportunity for small businesses in marketing personal care and cosmetics products. There is an increasing number of nail salons providing manicures and pedicures services as well as nail art in the city; mostly in middle to high-end shopping malls, business centres or standalone nail salon in commercial shop lots. The consumers are mostly influenced by heavy advertising, for instance advent of K-pop and K-drama, marketing activities and growing trends of chasing beauty. The beauty industry or more specifically the nail care segment is highly fragmented due to various customers with different needs and wants pertaining to service levels, product categories and pricing. Hence, innovative marketing will become an important tool to success. The conventional marketing strategies are no longer effective as the businesses are propelled by the advancement of technology and change in social factors. The departure of conventional marketing strategies is necessary for the vendor to open new market segment and to increase sales. This study will explore the innovative marketing strategies in nail salon through case study method. The study also aims to discover on how the vendor overcome the challenges faced in this industry. The discussion will review the new approaches used as a new marketing idea brought in by the business.

A multisemiotic analysis of ‘skinscapes’ of female students at three Western Cape universities

This study examined the role of popular culture on identity expression in female university students. This research specifically focused on the practice of tattooing, which forms a part of popular culture. According to Storey, although popular culture is difficult to define, ‘[a]n obvious starting point in any attempt to define popular culture is to say that popular culture is simply culture that is widely favoured or well liked by many people’ (2015: 21). Popular culture was used as an analytical tool, which provided valuable insight into the tattooed female body. Tattooing refers to ‘the insertion of colored pigment into the dermal layer through a series of punctures of the skin in order to create a permanent marking’ (Tiggemann& Hopkins 2011: 245).This study aimed to advance our understanding of the practice of tattooing among female university students in the Western Cape. Furthermore, this study is located within the sub-discipline of linguistic landscaping, with specific focus on corporeal linguistic landscapes. Linguistic landscapes refer to the ‘[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration’ (Landry & Bourhis 1997: 25). Moving the field of linguistic landscaping forward, is the notion of corporeal landscapes, or skinscapes. According to Peck and Stroud the body is seen as ‘a collection of inscriptions in place’, with the implication that ‘landscapes can be carried on the skin’ in the same way that landscapes are carried on public signs (2015).This study was a departure

Review of Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space by Adam Jaworski and Crispin Thurlow

Although the volume was published in 2010, it still remains one of the most important contributions to a new field of enquiry in the study of language and signage in public spaces initially conceptualised and institutionalised by Landry and Bourhis (1997) as linguistic landscapes (LL). They defined linguistic landscapes as “[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combine to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (p. 25). As the title of the volume suggests, the aim was to extend the study to consider other semiotic material in place rather than linguistic ones alone. Jaworski and Thurlow prefer the term semiotic landscapes to LL to account for the fact that descriptions of space are not just about language, image and space, but more so about how interlocutors engage with semiotic material including objects in place.

Protection of Commercial Tenants and Shop Key Money

Protection of Commercial Tenants and Shop Key Money

Submission and resistance in the English linguistic landscape of Chaoshan

Linguistic landscape (LL), a concept which first emerged in the field of language planning, refers to ‘[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings' (Landry & Bourhis, 1997: 25). There are two functions attached to the linguistic landscape of a given territory: an informational function and a symbolic function. The informational function serves to inform people of ‘the linguistic characteristics, territorial limits and language boundaries' of a specific region; whereas the symbolic function serves as an indicator of the status, power relations, and cultural identity of the inhabitants, affecting how individuals feel about their community (Landry & Bourhis, 1997).

Marketing strategies used by clothing traders in the commercial shop window of Colombia

Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar las estrategias de mercado empleadas por los comerciantes de las prendas de vestir en la denominada “Vitrina Comercial de Colombia”, ubicada especificamente en el municipio Maicao, Departamento de la Guajira. Se utilizan las variables relacionadas con la mezcla de la mercadotecnia, referidas a producto, precio, plaza y promocion como conceptos medulares del mercado moderno para detectar los problemas de venta que presentan estos comerciantes. A tal efecto, se diseno una encuesta tipo cuestionario y se suministro a una muestra de 207 informantes de la zona. Los resultados arrojados permitieron detectar y concluir que estos comerciantes cumplen con las principales premisas relacionadas con las estrategias de posicionamiento de producto, dejando de lado aquellas que conciernen a la expansion de la mezcla de productos, modificacion y contraccion. Sin embargo, dada la ubicacion de la zona, se hace necesario estimular a estos informantes al empleo de estrategias de descuentos, promocionales, precios geograficos y de penetracion. Estas ultimas resultan las mas adecuadas, dada la situacion fronteriza de esta vitrina comercial. De igual manera se diagnostico el poco empleo de las estrategias referidas a la plaza y promocion por los gastos de inversion que estas acarrean, motivo por el cual se infiere que la falta de empleo de estas ultimas pudieran ser la causa principal del problema detectado en el contexto comercial estudiado.

Modelling rainwater harvesting for commercial buildings

Commercial areas are generally fully paved and with more impervious land cover than residential areas. This paper demonstrates a wall-mounted rainwater harvesting system designed to deal with limited land space. An arrangement of three tanks in series was used on a commercial shop lot where flat roofs generate large amounts of runoff. The system is compact, and can be installed and fitted close to any wall, promoting the efficient use of space. Analytical procedures and computational fluid dynamic modelling were used to explore the system's potential. This rainwater harvesting system, with its three water storage tanks, works well, and is suitable for implementation and can be integrated into urban stormwater management.

Semiotic Landscapes in Commercial Communication

The analysis of a sample of characteristic commercial shop signs in today's Limassol, Cyprus, asserts their anchorage function as syncretic/polysemiotic texts relying upon the synergy of semiotic systems, in their commercial and broader informational function. The study of intersemiosis, i.e. of the translation between pictorial and linguistic semiotic systems and their hierarchy, can provide the basis for an in-depth semiotic study of the socio-economic and historical-aesthetic landscape of the city. This study offers a preliminary methodological separation of sign systems on the shop signs in Limassol, showing up the ways intersemiosis remains the standard historical communication method of shop signs since the advent of mass commerce.

The Impact of visual fashion communication methods on the consumer

The fashion visual communication methods play an important role in identifying the customers’ opinions and response towards clothes and fashion, as the visual communication methods send a quick and short message to the targeted customers and inform those customers with the new trends and models in order to stimulate their response. This research sheds the light on the fact that displaying fashion products and communicating with the customers in Egypt are limited and do not cope with the scientific and technological development of the displaying field, thus this research stresses on the importance of using the best methods of technology and communication as they can affect positively the customers’ decision in Egypt. The importance of this research lies in its attempt to make use of the different types of communication methods to reach the customers in Egypt raising the fashion products sales levels. The research’s subject was handled through following a descriptive method by learning ways of visual communication methods of fashion, this can be done through displaying products: inside the stores, in the outside display windows, the virtual fitting rooms, interactive windows, fashion magazines, fashion catalogues, conventional and hologram fashion shows, the fashion companies’ websites, and the brands’ social network pages aiming at showing the fashion products and connecting with the customer. The research states these ways and its varieties, whilesetting some examples attached to them surveys presented to the customers as well as the companies owners, this to priorities the products to be displayed and the best and easiest ways to communicate with the customers, as well as stating the importance of the visual communication methods of marketing fashion designs in Egypt. The results of the questionnaire conducted about the best visual means of fashion communication to consumers and companies owners are as follow; the consumer's first priority is the commercial shop where he uses all his senses; he sees and touches and even smells the product. Company owners point out that consumers, especially the youth, prefer technological advancements such as interactive screens, virtual fitting rooms, interactive mirrors, and holographic fashion shows, These are not commonly available in Egypt because of high cost. The youth themselves prefer adventure games, and brands' website. Word of the mouth and virtual fitting rooms are what companies owners prefer most due to the great influence expected on a consumer's decision. Information technology facilitates the availability of several interaction and communication systems. Use and manipulating of information technology increases awareness and provide knowledge on different designs of brands and their designers. Consequently, this broadens the range of a consumer's vision and choices, means it isn't deployable. Moreover, this creates a need within a consumer to increase his interaction and consumption. Interactivity represents a transition from the conventional idea of communication as an element to the concept of event in which the values given to behavior, dynamic action, offered services, environment or surroundings become more significant. Fashion visual communication through interactive methods aims at probing users' reactions and desires, and making them an integral part of products designing program. The researcher comes to a conclusion that the positive impact of various means of visual communication on marketing fashion designs in the Arab Republic of Egypt can be summed up in pleasing consumers, and making them have a great desire during browsing and trying clothes on. This is what increases consumers' joy, and affects their purchasing decisions, and consequently sales will increase, and consumers will receive the message in more than one way. Moreover, diversity and difference of visual means of fashion communication, especially the technological ones, raises a consumer's awareness of the brand, highlight its appearance in his mind, and increases his loyalty toward it, and this raises, of course, the value of the brand.

Review of Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space by Adam Jaworski and Crispin Thurlow

Although the volume was published in 2010, it still remains one of the most important contributions to a new field of enquiry in the study of language and signage in public spaces initially conceptualised and institutionalised by Landry and Bourhis (1997) as linguistic landscapes (LL). They defined linguistic landscapes as “[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combine to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration†(p. 25).

Linguistic Landscapes as Public Communication: A Study of Public Signage in Gaborone Botswana

The study of public signage is termed linguistic landscape (LL). Landry & Bourhis (1997) define the notion as “the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (p.25). The present study intends to contribute to this development in Gaborone the capital city of Botswana. The aim of this study is to show that LL can provide valuable insight into the linguistic situation of Gaborone Botswana, including common patterns of language usage, official language policies, prevalent language attitudes, and the long-term consequences of language contact, among others. This was be done by analyzing the data collected from specific public domains such as street signs, advertising signs, building names, warning notices and prohibitions, billboards, shop signs, informative signs (directions, hours of opening), etc. in Gaborone.