Commercial Samples Research Articles

THE FABRICATION OF MIP BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DOBUTAMINE

Objective: Dobutamine (DBT), one of the most common synthetic catecholamines, is important in the renal, cardiovascular, hormonal, and central nervous systems. In our study, it is proposed to produce the first MIP-based electrochemical sensor for DBT analysis. MIP(DBT)/GCE was developed by electropolymerization of 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) in the presence of DBT. Analytical performance and validation evaluation were performed on both standard solution and commercial serum samples. Material and Method: DBT was supplied by the Vem pharmaceutical company. For the preparation of 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- solution, known amounts of potassium ferricyanide ([K3Fe(CN)6]) and potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6].3H2O mixed in 0.1 M KCl solution. The 4-ABA was used to create the polymeric film in the presence of DBT. Electrochemical measurements were actualized in IVIUM compactStat.h potentiostat (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) using a three-electrode system consisting of Pt wire, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Result and Discussion: The MIP(DBT)/GCE sensor was applied to standard solution and commercial serum samples. When DBT concentrations were plotted against ΔI values, a linear response between 1×10-13 and 1×10-12 M was obtained in both environments. LOD results were found to be 0.087×10-13 M and 0.033×10-13 M in standard solution and commercial human serum, respectively. Recovery% and RSD% were found to be 99.68-100.32% and 1.38-1.66%, respectively.

Average Carbon Number Analysis and Relationship with Octane Number and PIONA Analysis of Premium and Regular Gasoline Expended in Ecuador

The quality of fuel depends on its chemical composition, which influences engine performance. Gas chromatography, a cornerstone of global oil and fuel R&D, remains crucial for ensuring the quality of petroleum products and regulatory compliance. Scientists use the most accurate analysis (PIONA) as a tool derived from gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify and quantify hydrocarbons that influence resistance to detonation, which is determined by the research octane number (RON). This study introduces the “average carbon number (ACN)”, calculated from the molar chemical composition of commercial gasoline samples sold in Ecuador (Extra gasoline and Súper gasoline). A quantitative comparison of the ACN with techniques applied using standardized international procedures reveals that the ACN characterizes gasoline samples by providing insight into the distribution shape of carbon graphs. A comprehensive statistical analysis demonstrates the potential usefulness of ACN in characterizing fuel composition, highlighting its relevance in broader fuel quality assessments without the need for carbon distribution plots.

Profiling of Tayammum Clay Product in Malaysia by Spectroscopic-Chemometric Approach

Tayammum is a dry purifying method that uses earthen materials, mostly clay. The technique is applied when there is no access to water or in specific circumstances, such as when a person has susceptible skin on water. In tayammum, Islamic law describes clay as pure dust or soil used as a cleansing agent. Nevertheless, no scientific report examined the components of clay present in tayammum clay. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise and profile the mineral composition of tayammum clay, which is a commercially available product in Malaysia. Twelve commercial clay samples and one representative sample were analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the range of 4000 to 600 cm-1. PCA exploratory analysis clearly demonstrated the differentiation of the tayammum clay product into seven groups according to its functional group. Following the FTIR analysis, the samples underwent examination using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers further to identify the mineral and element composition of the clay, respectively. The XRD analysis indicated that there were possibly four types of mineral powder commonly distributed in the market for Tayammum purposes which are three types of clay: palygorskite, kaolinite, and phengite, and another one is zeolite-type: Na-heulandite. All four of them are common materials used for adsorbent and cleansing purposes.

Advanced MWCNTs/Al2O3 Modified SPE Immunosensor for Detection of Colistin in Chicken Liver

The rising concerns regarding the presence of antibiotic residues in food commodities underscore the imperative need for the establishment of methods that are both rapid and precise for their identification. Specifically, given the widespread use and subsequent likelihood of residues of antibiotics such as colistin being found in various meat products, there is an urgency to address this. Even though colistin, a peptide antibiotic, has been prohibited for human consumption, its use in veterinary medicine and as a livestock feed additive remains prevalent. Our current study elaborates on the development of an immunosensor created through the immobilization of anti-colistin antibodies onto a surface composed of MWCNTs and Al₂O₃. This was achieved using a screen-printed electrode. The immunosensor exhibited the ability to generate electrochemical responses upon exposure to chicken liver samples treated with colistin. Responses were recorded using cyclic voltammetry (CV). To ensure accuracy, extensive characterization of the electrode’s surface was carried out at each fabrication stage using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The immunosensor showcased a low limit of detection at 0.89 µg.kg⁻¹ and a coefficient of determination R² of 0.91 when evaluated using CV. For a broader perspective, the immunosensor’s performance was benchmarked against results from commercial chicken liver samples obtained via conventional methodologies. The findings indicate that the innovative MWCNTs/Al₂O₃-based electrode not only functions with remarkable speed but is also highly sensitive. This makes it an ideal choice for applications in biomedical sensing Figure 1

Seeding as a Decisive Tool for Increasing Space-Time-Yields in the Preparation of High-Quality Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 Catalysts

Aging is one of the key steps in the preparation of highly active Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for use in the production of methanol. If certain pH and temperature specifications are met, an initially amorphous precipitate transforms into the crystalline precursor phase of zincian malachite, which is characterized by a periodic arrangement of Cu and Zn atoms and has proven advantageous for the quality of the final catalyst. However, aging generally takes between 30 min and multiple hours until the desired phase transformation is completed. With our study, we show that aging can be significantly accelerated by seeding the freshly precipitated suspension with already aged zincian malachite crystals: the necessary aging time was reduced by 41% for seeding mass fractions as low as 3 wt.% and from 83 min to less than 2 min for 30 wt.% seeds. No negative influence of seeding on the phase composition, specific surface area, molar metal ratios, or the morphology of the aged precursor could be identified. Consequently, the catalyst performance in the synthesis of methanol from CO2, as well as from a CO/CO2 mixture, was identical to a catalyst from an unseeded preparation and showed small advantages compared to a commercial sample. Thus, we conclude that seeding is a vital tool to accelerate the preparation of all Cu/Zn-based catalysts while maintaining product quality, presumably also on an industrial scale.

Nitrogen sources in donor human milk: True protein, nonprotein nitrogen, and amino acid profile.

Devices measuring the macronutrient content of human milk are commonly used to assist with clinical decision-making. It is unknown if these devices accurately measure protein content in donor human milk (DHM). Our objective is to quantify the nitrogen sources and protein content in commercial DHM. The total nitrogen content (Dumas method) and nonprotein nitrogen content (Kjeldahl method) was measured in triplicate from six commercial DHM samples with protein content noted on the labels. In addition, the amino acid content was measured in 15 commercial DHM samples and protein content in each sample was calculated. The calculated protein content for each DHM sample was compared for consistency. The nonprotein nitrogen content in DHM was consistently higher (0.33 ± 0.05 g/g) than previous reports, leading to overreporting of protein content on DHM labels by a median value of 0.15 g/dl (range 0.02-0.23 g/dl). Similarly, calculation of the protein content from the total nitrogen content with an assumption of 20% (grams per gram) nonprotein nitrogen consistently overrepresented the protein content as determined from the amino acid profile for DHM. Common methods for assessing the macronutrient content of human milk may overestimate the protein content of DHM.

Functional description of fiber orientation in paperboard based on orientation tensors resulting from μ-CT scans

Modern μ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upmu$$\\end{document}-CT scans offer non-destructive three-dimensional microstructure analysis of various materials. Despite small density contrasts, this technology also accurately captures the complex network structure of paper and paperboard. It provides detailed insight into the fiber orientation distribution in paper, which was previously unattainable with existing measurement methods. The image analysis results are applicable for numerical fiber network models, and simulations based on these models can significantly improve our understanding of the microstructural influence on macrostructural paper properties, such as strength, stiffness, and curl tendency. This work presents a new method for investigating the microstructural fiber orientation in paperboard. Orientation tensors obtained from μ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upmu$$\\end{document}-CT scan image processing are extracted and evaluated. Based on the direction of the orientation tensor’s first eigenvector, the fiber orientation distribution is determined and then approximated by periodic and non-periodic probability density functions (PDFs). In this study, 40 commercial paperboard samples, each consisting of three plies, were analyzed. From a given set of commonly used PDFs, the best fitting ones have been identified based on their original location in the paper roll and on their ply. It was found that the von Mises PDF provided the most accurate representation of fiber orientation distribution in the middle ply, while the Elliptical PDF was the most suitable for the outer plies. Moreover, a more pronounced fiber orientation anisotropy was observed at the edges of the paper roll than in its center. The best PDFs and their function parameters are provided to allow for direct usage in numerical microstructure models of paperboard, thus enhancing their representativeness.

Investigation of electrochemical behaviour and determination of Riociguat with bare GCE and molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) causes death due to ventricular overload and heart failure. Calcium channel blockers, anticoagulants, digoxin and diuretics are the standards of care for PAH. Riociguat (RIO) is an oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator approved for the treatment of PAH by World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 patients. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of RIO was investigated using a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In addition, RIO was determined using GCE and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor. The MIP-based electrochemical sensor was prepared by photopolymerization of methacrylic acid in the presence of a basic monomer, crosslinker, target molecule, and photoinitiator. The polymer film was characterised by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Under the optimized conditions, the results obtained with GCE and MIP sensor were compared. The analytical performance of GCE and MIP-based electrochemical sensors was evaluated. The linear ranges of RIO were 1.0 × 10–6 – 1.0 × 10–4 M and 1.0 × 10–13 – 1.0 × 10–12 M, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.40 × 10–8 M and 2.12 × 10–14 by bare GCE and MIP-based electrochemical sensor using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), respectively. The results show that the MIP sensor has higher sensitivity than the bare GCE. Both were applied to commercial human serum samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The recovery studies were performed, and the recovery% and RSD% results are within the acceptable range. Therefore, the GCE and MIP sensors have good selectivity, accuracy and precision.

Early detection of the ovarian cancer with a label-free and disposable ITO-PET based immunosensor platform

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), a popular biomarker for ovarian cancer, was the target of this studyto create an immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For this purpose, a disposable Indium tin oxide coated PET (In2O3/SnO2, ITO-PET) electrode was used as a basic electrode for working of the triple electrode system and the electrodes were modified with 3-(Trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate (3- TMSPM) silanization agent. Although there are studies on the determination of AFP, the determination of AFP with a cheap, flexible and sensitive electrode system such as ITO-PET in this study makes the study remarkable. With the designed biosensors, AFP protein determination at a wide concentration range (0.05 pg/mL-100 pg/mL) could be successfully performed. To prove that the designed immunosensor was constructed correctly, linear range, repeatability, reproducibility and regeneration capacity (characterization studies) were investigated. Obtaining successful results in the storage capacity studies of the biosensor, which has high reproducibility and repeatability, showed that it also has potential for commercial use. The high specificity of the biosensor also proves its reliability. Finally, the performance of the biosensor in commercial human serum samples was also evaluated.

Determination of fatty acid, cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and aroma components of traditionally and commercially produced Trabzon butters

This study investigated 29 butter samples from Trabzon, Turkey. Cholesterol contents ranged from 134.13 to 325 mg/100 g, α-tocopherol contents ranged from 1.62 to 3.37 mg/100 g, and β-carotene contents ranged from 4.46 to 15.60 μg/g. Fatty acid composition analysis showed variations, with palmitic acid ranging from 26.11 % to 44.25 %, oleic acid from 19.55 % to 29.80 %, and linoleic acid from 1.63 % to 3.04 %. A total of 44 aroma components were identified. Traditional butter samples exhibited differences in aroma components and fatty acid composition compared to commercial butter. Notably, traditional butter had higher concentrations of octanoic and n-decanoic acids than commercial butter. Moreover, some aroma components such as N-butanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, decanoic acid, and pentadecane were found exclusively in traditional butters. Traditional butter showed higher α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents. These findings underscore the distinct chemical profiles of traditional and commercial butter samples, influenced by production methods and possibly geographical origin.

Determination of xanthophylls in egg yolk using a combination of spectrophotometric and diol phase high-performance liquid chromatography methods.

Normal-phase (NP) liquid chromatography is one of the most effective methods for separating isomers with sensitive structural features, including xanthophyll isomers. In this work, reverse-phase (RP) and NP liquid chromatography (LC), with silica gel and diol phase, respectively, were evaluated for the separation of xanthophyll isomers. The results showed that RP LC with monomeric C18 phase not only poorly separate all xanthophyll isomers in egg yolk but also requires additional sample preparation to eliminate triacylglycerols in egg yolk. The diol phase of NP-LC provided the highest efficiency for separating lutein, zeaxanthin, and their cis-isomers with isocratic separation using mobile phases consisting of n-hexane and polar modifiers (such as acetone, methyl tert-butyl ether, or ethyl acetate). To determine the xanthophyll content, peak areas from LC and total absorbance from spectrophotometry measurements were used. The approach was applied to analyze the xanthophylls of nine commercial egg samples. The results revealed that five out of nine analyzed samples contained a high level of canthaxanthin, which contributes to color enhancement but not to prevent age-related macular degeneration. Together, it shows that NP LC with diol phase combined with spectrophotometry is a powerful tool to monitor xanthophylls in eggs.

Effect of CSET processing on a commercial purity polycrystalline Al sample and numerical simulation of induced plastic deformation

A commercial purity Al sample was processed using complex shearing of the extruded tube (CSET) technique, which enables the preparation of tubes from bulk samples in one step by combining extrusion and two Equal Chanel Angular Pressing - like passes. In the present paper, the CSET process was simulated and analysed using Finite Element Method. The results of the simulations were compared with the experimental findings. Both modelling and experiment revealed a gradual increase in plastic deformation in the material during CSET processing. Simultaneously, microscopic investigations confirmed concurrent grain refinement. Moreover, a slight gradient of plastic deformation predicted by FEM in the main deformation zone was confirmed by microhardness measurements. In the resulting tube wall, electron backscattered diffraction experiments revealed the presence of fine grains and a partially recovered microstructure. The Vickers microhardness was found to be doubled by the CSET processing.

Successful development of molecular diagnostic technology combining mini-barcoding and high-resolution melting for traditional Chinese medicine agarwood species based on single-nucleotide polymorphism in the chloroplast genome.

Agarwood is a valuable traditional medicine and fragrance. The production process is a typical injury-induced defense response. Currently, there are approximately 22 known species in the genus Aquilaria Lam., all of which can produce agarwood, whereas there are only two legal species of traditional Chinese medicinal agarwood, Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. and Aquilaria agallocha (Lour.) Roxb. The Taiwan herbal Pharmacopoeia of China stipulates that the medicinal agarwood species are A. sinensis and its relatives in the same genus. Moreover, there are five species of agarwood available for clinical medicinal use in Japan, including A. agallocha and A. sinensis, which are often confused with each other or used in a mixed way in the trade process. Therefore, accurate identification of traditional Chinese medicinal agarwood species is important to ensure the authenticity of traditional medicines and to guide the safety of clinical medication. In this study, 59 specific single-nucleotide polymorphism loci were screened and obtained from the chloroplast genomes of 12 species of the genus Aquilaria Lam. We established an identification method for traditional Chinese medicinal agarwood using mini-barcoding combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) and designed and validated 10 pairs of primers from the psbM-trnD, psbA, rps16, petN, ndhE-psaC, rps4, atpE, ycf1, rps15-trnN, and matK regions. The amplification products were all less than 200 bp, with a high success rate of amplification. The method was applied to successfully identify traditional Chinese medicinal agarwood species from commercial agarwood samples. Overall, the sensitivity of this method was sufficient to detect 1% of adulterants in medicinal agarwood products, proving that mini-barcoding HRM is a powerful and flexible tool. This method can be used as a fast and effective high-throughput method for authenticity testing of traditional Chinese medicinal agarwood and its raw materials containing agarwood-containing proprietary Chinese medicines and is recommended for industrial applications.

Effect of temperature on the rheological, textural, and sensory properties of butters from New Zealand market.

Texture and sensory studies at various temperatures are important in evaluating and improving the functionality of butter. While literature is scarce, we evaluated and compared the effect of temperature (5-25°C) on the texture, rheological and sensory properties of commercial butter samples (salted, unsalted, cultured, and spreadable) from the New Zealand market. In addition, the instrumental analyses were compared with the sensory evaluation, to understand the possibility of using instrumental analysis to evaluate consumer liking for different butters. Butter type, temperature, and their type-temperature interaction exhibited significant differences for all instrumental textural parameters. As expected, higher temperature produced softer butter that was more spreadable, liquid-like, less adhesive, less cohesive, had lower storage modulus (G') and lower loss modulus (G″) with the melting of milk fat crystals; however, the rate of change varied for the different butter samples. We have established meltability as the parameter for evaluating butter selection for different applications. The spreadable butter sample exhibited the lowest hardness and G', and highest spreadability (p < .05) at all temperatures, owing to its low solid fat content and the abundance of low-melting triglycerides. The cultured butter sample had the highest melting point, owing to compositional differences. The instrumental and sensory texture analyses were highly correlated, indicating the comparative effectiveness of both approaches for studying the effects of different temperatures on butter textural properties. Overall, our findings provide detailed reference to the dairy industry for butter manufacture, considering variation in fatty acid composition, texture analysis, rheology, and sensory analysis, over the range of storage/usage temperatures.

Quantification of cresols in liquid smoke samples employing liquid–liquid extraction with low-temperature purification and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Liquid smoke is a food additive and cresols are among its chemical constituents, potentially toxic to human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a method to quantify cresols in liquid smoke. First, the liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification (LLE-LTP) was validated for cresols in water, as there are no cresol-free liquid smoke samples. Analyzes were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in full scan mode. LLE-LTP was subsequently applied in five commercial samples of liquid smoke. Validation results showed that the proposed extraction method was selective for cresols, linear in the range of 0.5 to 35 mg L−1, limit of quantification of 0.5 mg L−1, recovery rate between 90% and 104% and relative standard deviation lower than 10%. The quantification of cresols in liquid smoke samples ranged from 3.0 to 38.3 mg L−1 and the concentration of these chemical contaminants in liquid smoke remained constant for at least 21 days at 25 °C.

Essential minerals and anti-nutritional compounds in plant-based burgers using the infogest in vitro digestion protocol

Plant-based burgers (PBB) are becoming a worldwide popular alternative to meat-based burgers (MBB). Still, their mineral composition can differ significantly depending on the ingredients used, the effect of the matrix, and the chemical form of the elements that influence solubility in the digestive tract. Thus, the study evaluated the total content and bioaccessibility of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in commercial samples of PBB and MBB. Tests used acid mineralization in an analytical microwave, following INMETRO for method validation. Results, in mg/100 g, of Ca (22.2–144), Fe (3.52–12.9), Mg (21.6–120), Mn (<LOQ-2.26), and Zn (0.91–3.47) observed for PBB indicated extensive variation; and for MBB composition of Ca (<LOQ-8.15), Fe (1.79–2.06), Mg (18.2–20.1), Mn (<LOQ), and Zn (5.42–6.86) presented low variation. The percentage of bioaccessibility, was significant in chickpea PBB for Ca (31.5 %), Fe (51.2 %), Mg (81.0 %), Mn (61.7 %), and Zn (48.0 %). MBB also showed bioaccessibility for Ca (92.4 %), Fe (60.0 %), and Mg (83.6 %). Anti-nutritional compounds such as myo-inositol phosphates and total dietary fiber did not affect negatively mineral bioaccessibility in PBB evaluated. To date, this study is the first to carry out in vitro digestion simulation assays using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol to evaluate the bioaccessibility of essential minerals in PBB and anti-nutritional compounds. In addition, the data presented can help manufacturing companies develop more nutritious and competitive plant-based meat analogs (PBMA) as PBB. They can also influence dietary recommendations and public health policies by identifying foods nutritionally more suitable, which has a positive impact on public health. With this information, consumers can make more informed and responsible food choices, based on nutritional needs.

Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy of wine using synchronous excitation/emission matrices and time-resolved fluorescence interferometric detection

Wines are complex mixtures of chemical compounds with broad and overlapping absorption and emission spectral features in the UV and visible spectral regions, making them challenging to study with conventional optical spectroscopic techniques. Multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopies correlate fluorescence spectra with other degrees of freedom, and have proven useful for studying complex molecular systems, offering a pathway for the analysis of wines utilising their inherent fluorescence. Here we employ steady-state excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and time-resolved fluorescence spectral measurements to investigate representative commercial white and red wine samples and a fluorescent ‘model’ wine base. Combining these multidimensional measurement methods provides information on the emission characteristics of the components that wines contain. This investigation illustrates the potential for multidimensional fluorescence techniques as diagnostic tools for the wine industry.

High-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor for melamine detection in dairy products based on graphene oxide /chitosan nanocomposite

Accurate diagnosis and determination of the appropriate dose of melamine is crucial, especially in children's food, due to the potential for severe side effects such as kidney stones. This research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the graphene oxide-chitosan (GOCS) composite in modifying the gold chip surface as a sensor platform, resulting in a significant 1.17° angular change relative to the bare gold chip for the detection of melamine. The GOCS composite was analyzed using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The GOCS sensor exhibited high sensitivity with a value of 239.1◦μM−1, a linear range (L.R) of 0.01–200 μM, affinity constant of 1.73 × 104 and an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 10 nM. These findings highlight the potential of the GOCS sensor for accurately and precisely detecting melamine. Additionally, we compared the obtained results from the sensor with those from the standard method of HPLC, which is referred to as the gold standard in analytical chemistry, by conducting tests using GOCS/Au to identify melamine in commercial samples. The comparison showed that the GOCS sensor offers desirable features for analyzing real samples, making it a promising tool for accurately and efficiently detecting melamine in various samples.

Enhancing the efficacy of feminine hygiene sanitary napkins by developing a super absorbent polymer based on methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid

AbstractSuper absorbent polymer based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) has been prepared during the present work for coating the top layer of feminine sanitary napkins. Synthesized polymers were coated on the needly punched cotton and adjusted as the top layer of the sanitary napkins, which has been prepared. The samples were evaluated by means of absorbency capacity, rewet back, strike through, and pH by the comparative study with commercially available sanitary napkin. The most suitable ratio of monomers (60 g MMA, and 40 g MAA) for synthesizing polymer was suggested. Absorbency capacity of the said ratio is competing with commercial sample with 63.68 g absorbent capacity. Specially, pH of prepared polymers suggested the acidic value and those are more preferable for maintaining the acidic pH of vagina at the menstrual time. Present work suggests the polymer, which can be utilize for coating the feminine napkin by the comparative result suggested by absorbency capacity, rewet back, strike through, and pH.

Development of micro dust reinforced composite for building applications

Recycling and reuse of textile waste is a proficient solution in preventing waste going into landfill and causing pollution. This paper reports the use of microdust generated from fibers in textile spinning mills to fabricate composites using compression molding for prospective applications in the building sector. Ten composite samples of 6 mm and 10 mm were developed by changing the microdust-resin blend proportions ranging resin content of 30%–10%. The tensile, flexural and compression properties, fire retardancy, water absorption and the insulation properties of the composites were determined. The results showed that the 6 mm thick composite board with 70% microdust had the most desired mechanical properties with tensile strength of 6.41 MPa, compressive strength of 3.6 MPa, and flexural strength of 10.2 MPa. These properties are superior compared to commercially available false ceiling board made of gypsum material of similar density and thickness. The thermal insulation value was 0.117 m2 K/W which is equivalent to the commercial sample (0.102 m2 K/W) used in similar applications in the building industry. The sample with 80% microdust (10 mm thick) achieved the highest thermal resistance (0.1879 m2 K/W) which is about 50 % higher than a commercial sample of the same thickness. This study shows that the composite panels overall are comparable to the commercially available panel used in the building industry and provides cost effective and sustainable alternatives for thermal barrier panels while overcoming the issue of landing filling of microdust from the spinning mills.