Commercial Port Research Articles

Correspondence: Debating China's Use of Overseas Ports

Correspondence: Debating China's Use of Overseas Ports

First quantitative biomonitoring study of two ports (marina, commerce) in French littoral area: Evaluation of metals released into the marine environment and resulting from galvanic anodes.

Coastal areas are important interface environments between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and are also areas of high economic activity related, among others, to trade, fishing and tourism. The port areas of La Rochelle (France) are part of these areas with strong anthropic activities and are therefore subject to potential contamination, particularly with trace metals. Among the various sources of discharges, galvanic (or sacrificial) cathodic protection can be questioned. Indeed, few studies have been carried out on the potential impact of the degradation of sacrificial anodes in ports on the health of bivalves. A study was therefore carried out on the black scallop Mimachlamys varia in the commercial port and the marina of La Rochelle using the caging method. Several biomarkers of the health status of individuals were observed in the laboratory (SOD, GST, MDA, AChE, and LAC). Among the different results obtained over two exposure periods, it appears that the potential effects of sacrificial anodes, whether new or present on site for several years, are masked by meteorological conditions, as well as by harbor activities.

Microbial community and genome structure in coastal seawater from a commercial port and nearby offshore island in northern Taiwan

Microbial community and genome structure in coastal seawater from a commercial port and nearby offshore island in northern Taiwan

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ МОРСЬКИХ ПРИБЕРЕЖНИХ СПОЛУЧЕНЬ

Urban transport infrastructure considers the specifics of geographical location, climatic zones, specifics of industrial development, attraction to the areas of concentration and distribution of freight and passenger flows. The National transport strategy of Ukraine for the period up to year 2030 highlights the need to expand the availability of transport services by implementing regional mobility projects based on the use of advanced technologies. Urban traffic includes various kinds of transport, which provides passenger and cargo transportation in cities, settlements and suburban areas. Urban transport is categorized to passenger, commercial and special-purpose vehicles. Passenger transport is a public transport, which includes street and off-street types. In this research, the focus is concentrated on a systemic image of the location and potential use of coastal marine passenger transport as a variant of off-street public transport types. On the basis of statistical data, the assessment of the main factors that characterize the needs for mass passenger transportation is given. It is shown that: according to the population density indicator Odessa takes the first place among the largest cities of Ukraine; with a relatively stable number of population there is an intensive increase in its mobility. As for the factor of the industry affiliation, the Odessa Commercial Sea Port has been the city-forming enterprise since its foundation up to the present time, and sea transport plays a decisive role in the life of the entire City. The general structure of the urban passenger transport in its composition of street and off-street types of public and private use at the present time is detailed. It is defined that the existing problems in the transport situation, as well as the fully open market of coastal maritime connections create conditions for the initiation and implementation of appropriate projects. Such projects targeting is aimed at: reducing the traffic intensity on the main routes of traditional street types of urban transport; ensuring fast and comfortable passenger transportation; improving the environmental situation by taking part of the traffic flow outside of city, limits and cleaner gasoline engines atmosphere emissions, as well as with the maintaining and enhancing the tourist component.Keywords: urban transport, off-street transport, maritime coastal connections, project management.

A system of measures to achieve the efficiency of the production processes of the enterprise

The paper considers the methodology for calculating and analyzing the efficiency indicators of production processes, systematizes the efficiency indicators that reflect the economic efficiency of the use of production resources. The analysis of the cost level of Public Joint Stock Company “Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port” for key production processes was carried out. Based on the calculated resource intensity indicators, the amount of relative savings / overspending of resources, as well as the efficiency of their use in a particular production process, is determined. An important point in the work is the calculation and analysis of generalizing indicators of the efficiency of the activity of the analyzed company, which showed the excess of spending limits and the involvement of excess resources in production and economic activities with the current volume of production. Based on the calculations, a matrix of the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency is presented, the construction of which made it possible to draw a conclusion about the uneconomical and ineffective activities of the enterprise. In order to identify the reasons for this situation, the author conducted a SWOT analysis of the production processes efficiency of the company in question, which involves identifying strengths and weaknesses, opportunities for improvement and threats of deterioration. The conducted assessment of the efficiency of production processes made it possible to assess the validity of the costs incurred by the enterprise and develop measures to optimize them. The system of measures to achieve the efficiency of production processes proposed by the author is of great importance, since this type of company has a developed infrastructure and a significant number of employees, which affects the level of its costs. The main ways to achieve cost-effectiveness of production processes are aimed at optimizing not only production, but also management costs, which is especially relevant in modern crisis conditions.

Владивостокский торговый порт в первой половине 1920-х годов: экспортная конкуренция и межведомственные противоречия

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the Vladivostok commercial port in the early 1920s. The first quarter of the XX century was a time of severe trials for the whole of Russia in general and the Far East in particular: World War I; Civil War; foreign intervention. All this time, the Vladivostok Harbor was in fact the only source of external contacts of the remote region. Being the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean, Vladivostok has historically been a kind of center of attraction, both in socio-economic and military-political aspects. However, the destroyed logistics chains and the colossal damage that the era of political instability brought with it deprived him of the primacy in the struggle for the markets of the Pacific Rim. This publication is based on archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author sets himself the task of demonstrating the key activities of the central and local authorities aimed at restoring the competitiveness of the Vladivostok commercial port in the «Manchurian transit» — its distinctive «Visiting card» since the beginning of the century. The author concludes that despite the cardinal change in the vector of the country's political and economic development after 1917, the port of Vladivostok managed to retain the status of the Russian «Window to Asia». The key means of implementing these plans was the establishment of the so-called «Transit harbor» in the port, which became the logical result of generalization and application of the colossal pre-revolutionary experience in the functioning of «free economic zones».

Study of air pollution in the area of compact accommodation of students (campuses) of three universities in Vladivostok city

The article presents the results of the study of airborne particulate matter in Vladivostok city in three areas of compact residence of students (university campuses) using the methods of laser particle size analysis and atomic emission spectrometry. It is shown that the atmospheric air in these areas of the city is polluted with airborne particulate matter with diameter less than 10 μm (PM10). In 5 out of 13 points, we found PM10 microparticles hazardous to health in significant proportions – from 39.9% to 99.5%. The maximum content of particles of the smallest fraction was detected in the Maritime State University campus (railway dead end near the Vladivostok commercial port). The content of particles of heavy metals (I and II hazard class) in the air was identified as well.

Abundance, distribution and correlation of microplastics in Tuapejat coastal water Mentawai Islands Indonesia

Tuapejat is the capital city of the Mentawai Islands Regency which is located in North Sipora District, Indonesia. Beside as being the most populous city, Tuapejat is also the center of marine tourism and various activities such as urbanization, restaurants, hotels and trade. Those anthropogenic activities have the potential to provide input of plastics waste into the oceans which eventually degrades into microplastics, which then may pose a major threat to both biota and humans. This study aims to determine and quantify the microplastics content in water and sediment in these coastal waters which was conducted in August 2022. Sampling was carried out at three stations and the results of the study showed that the types of microplastics found were fibers, fragments and films. The highest total microplastics abundance was in commercial port area, whilst the lowest was found around fishing port in both seawater and sediment, respectively. The abundance of microplastics in seawater and sediments between stations in Tuapejat coastal waters was significantly different (p<0.05), and there was a positive relationship between the abundance of microplastics in seawater and in sediments. The differences between stations and the relationships that occur are discussed by looking at the influence of water quality parameters and anthropogenic activities around the sampling locations.

The 1285 AD/684H Treaty between the Hafsid Dynasty and the Kingdom of Aragon: An Analytic Documentary Study

The present study explores the treaty which was signed between the Hafsid Monarch, Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya, and the King of Aragon, Peter III, in Tunisia in 1285 AD/ 684 H. The study reveals the role portrayed by the political circumstances in the two kingdoms, the Hafsid and the Aragonian, in signing the treaty. Further, the study analyzes the terms of the treaty covering various scopes including borders, security, defense, religion, consulates, commerce, and finance by linking them to the political and commercial circumstances then. The results of the study show that the commercial relations between the two kingdoms were prosperous and that a lot of money was earned from the taxes paid by the merchants in the commercial ports.

The Transit Part of the Commercial Port of Vladivostok: Its Role and Significance in the Region's Economy, the 1920s

The article is devoted to a little-studied chapter of the economic history of the Soviet Far East in the early 1920s, directly related to the history of Russia's largest port on the Pacific Ocean. The authors examine the measures taken by the Center and the regional government body — the Dalrevkom — to return Vladivostok the role of the most important transport and logistics hub. The Transit Part of the Commercial Port of Vladivostok was a means of solving this problem. It was based on the pre-revolutionary experience of the 'Manchurian Transit' that made Vladivostok the main port not only for Priamurye, but also for north-eastern provinces of China (Manchuria). The article is based on archival documents, some of which are introduced by the authors into scientific circulation for the first time. The focus is on the period of formation of the Transit Part in 1924–1928. The authors show the process of formation of the regulatory framework and draw attention to the interaction of central and local authorities in the organization of the Transit Part of the Port of Vladivostok. The researchers come to the conclusion that the project implemented in the mid-1920s was based on a generalization of the already existing successful experience in organizing 'interim warehouses' at Egersheld (Vladivostok) owned by the Chinese Eastern Railway, as well as on the ideas underlying the unrealized project of Free Port of Vladivostok. The prospects for studying the topic are connected with further development of the problem in the framework of an independent research project.

Field Measurements and Modelling of Vessel-Generated Waves and Caused Bank Erosion—A Case Study at the Sabine–Neches Waterway, Texas, USA

The Sabine–Neches Waterway (SNWW) is home to the largest commercial port of the United States military and of the refineries that produce 60% of the nation’s commercial jet fuel. The deposited sediments from bank erosion due to wake wash result in frequent dredging to keep the waterway operational. This study investigates vessel-generated waves and their impacts on bank erosion. Surface wave data at Golden Pass and the City of Port Arthur Park dock were measured using a 1 MHz Aquadopp Profiler. Bank properties such as soil strengths were measured and soil samples were collected. Acceptable predictive models for estimating the maximum wave heights caused by vessels sailing through the SNWW were developed and validated with recorded data. Vessel-generated waves are found to produce enough shear forces to mobilize bed sediments and cause bank erosion. The bed erosion rate increases with an increase in wave height or a decrease in water depth. Bank and bank toe erosion occurs at both monitoring locations. Bank stability and toe erosion model (BSTEM) results suggest that potential bank protection options are large woody debris and riprap at Port Arthur. However, other stronger stabilization methods are required at Golden Pass.

Determinants of Bilateral Trade between Europeans and the Ottoman Empire: 1878-1913

During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire experienced an increased integration into the world economy, primarily through the development of bilateral trade with European markets. This study examines the determinants of bilateral trade of the Ottoman Empire with its trading partners between 1878 and 1913 using a panel regression framework. The results indicate that the GDP of trading partners, distance, common borders, and the adoption of the metric system significantly affected bilateral trade. In contrast, the GDP of the Ottoman Empire, trade agreements, railways, and commercial ports had no statistically significant effects on the mentioned trade relations.

Analysis of the Concentration of Emissions from the Spanish Fleet of Tugboats

At present, the sensitivity of society towards emissions in commercial maritime ports is increasing, which is reflected in the large number of studies on the control of emissions in them, perhaps because the most important commercial ports are located in cities with high population density. The objective of this work was to determine the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the activity of the Spanish tugboat fleet, studying the tugboat fleet of the eleven autonomous coastal Spanish communities from 2004 to 2017 and their impact on the carbon footprint of the country’s shipping sector. To do this, the methodology used by the International Maritime Organization for merchant ships to estimate the emissions of a tugboat fleet is formalized, and Gini concentration index methodology was applied to the concentration of emissions from this fleet. This has made it possible to obtain results on the distribution of the concentration of emissions from Spanish ports by region, age, and size, as well as to establish the profile of the tugboat port that pollutes the most and its carbon footprint. One of the results is that in the period analyzed, the concentration of emissions from the Spanish tugboat fleet increased if we looked at its distribution by region, and decreased if we look at its distribution by age and size. This is because tugboat activity was very different by region; however, their characteristics related to age and size evolved in a more homogeneous way.

Short- and long-term assessment of PAH, PCB, and metal contamination in the Belgian part of the North Sea

Dredging activities can result in the relocation of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals from shipping channels, harbours, and ports into the marine environment where these components may exert a negative effect on the marine ecosystem. In this work, contamination associated with dredging is evaluated at and around dredged spoil disposal sites in the Belgian part of the North Sea, taking into account spatial as well as temporal variation. A homogeneous dispersion of the different contaminants was observed at the different sites. However, the contamination pattern was different for disposal sites that were linked with commercial ports, resulting in significantly higher PAH and PCB concentrations. When comparing concentrations with environmental assessment criteria, contamination of PAHs does not exceed these criteria in the Belgian Part of the North Sea, and for PCBs, only CB118 reveals a concerningly high concentration that exceeds the environmental assessment criteria. This is in contrast with metals where the contamination of As, Cr, Ni, and Zn exceeded the environmental limit values both at dredged spoil disposal sites and reference locations.

Application of SERVQUAL and Delphi methods for making management decisions to improve logistics service in seaports

Aim. The presented study aims to assess the level of logistics service in a seaport using the SERVQUAL method and prediction of the effect of optimization measures using the Delphi method through the example of the Commercial Port of Vladivostok (hereinafter referred to as the CPV).Tasks. The authors update the SERVQUAL methodology for assessing the level of logistics service in seaports; assess the level and propose optimization measures through the example of the CPV; predict the effect of the adaptation of measures in production.Methods. This study uses a comprehensive approach, including comparative and content analysis of scientific papers and practical experience, SERVQUAL and Delphi methods.Results. The SERVQUAL methodology for assessing the level of logistics service in seaports is updated. Growth points are identified and optimization measures are proposed through the example of the CPV. The Delphi method is used to predict the effect of the adaptation of measures in production.Conclusion. The results of the study facilitate the development of theoretical knowledge about the assessment of logistics service for making management decisions and expanding the practical testing of SERVQUAL and Delphi methods.

European policy for port noise control and mitigation

Port noise affects the development of harbour cities on EU shores. Tourism, goods transportation and passenger traffic are increasingly limited by noise impact on port cities, which annoys residents and disturbs the sleep of the exposed population. Therefore, the EU has promoted coordinated actions and programmes aiming to control and reduce port noise in the Europena area. Port authorities, shipping companies, public orgnizations, shipyard owners, terminal operators, municipalities are developing an ambitious programme pursuing harbour noise control. Several projects have been funded to develop a recovery strategy and promote collaboration between port stake-holders. These projects cover different aspects of port noise in the framework of a coordinated policy over a specific area of the European shores. Each project addresses a specific goal, in accordance with an overall coordinated strategy: RUMBLE deals with large commercial ports, DECIBELwith small touristic harbours, LIST with noise from traf-fic generated by the ports, MONCUMEN with measurements and characterisation, REPORT with modelling and impact prediction, TRIPLO with reaction of the exposed population. The outcomes of these projects are expected to create a decisive turning point, both at territorial and technical level, with relevant benefits for the whole Europe.

Synergy of port authority and port business entity in maintenance of shipping flows and port pools in commercial ports

The enactment of Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping is the separation of the functions of government activities at ports and the functions of port exploitation. The separation of the functions of government activities and port operations aims to manage ports professionally, by opening up opportunities for fair business competition. There are two authorities in the Port Authority and Port Business Entity, namely the Government in this case the port authority and the Port Business Entity which obtains a permit from the ministry. For this reason, it is necessary to build synergy in maintaining Port Authority and Port Business Entity at commercial ports. The problem in this research is the synergy between the Port Authority (government) and Port Business Entity in maintaining shipping lanes and port pools in commercial ports. Using normative research methods, it is known that the synergy between port authorities and port business entities in maintaining shipping lanes and port pools at commercial ports is carried out through communication and coordination and is stated in the form of an agreement. The agreement made is a joint commitment between Port Authority and Port Business Entity to improve shipping safety and improving services at commercial ports.

Расчет вместимости склада навалочных грузов морского порта с помощью имитационного моделирования

The article considers the regulatory documents governing the rules and regulations for the design of commercial ports and terminals. It has been shown that the logic of creating the current design standards does not meet the modern requirements for the design of ports and terminals, since the concept of a standard time margin is not disclosed in the documents, and its relation with a uniform operation of railway transport, which does not depend on the approach of ships or irregular navigation, is not given. It appears that all the considerations given in the norms refer only to that component of the storage volume that ensures uninterrupted service for ships at berth, i.e. makes up the technological volume of warehousing. The rear front in this case ensures the continuous maintenance of the reserve at a level that excludes failure handling the vessel. It is obvious that using the existing standards leads to constructing the excessive transshipment capacities, increasing cost of the project and a longer payback period. At the same time, practice shows that the volume of cargo stored in a warehouse is mostly determined by the irregularity of ship arrival. It is advisable to use simulation tools to calculate the storage capacity. Using the simulation method provides a more accurate analysis of the required cargo capacity of the warehouse, and helps avoid additional costs, which ultimately has a positive effect on the competitiveness of the projected cargo port.

PERANAN LOGISTIK TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN UNTUK MENUNJANG KELANCARAN DUNIA BISNIS

There are many activities in the logistics and supply chain management process, starting from the origin of goods (upstream) to the final consumer (downstream), to prepare maritime human resources, especially graduates of the commercial and port shipping management study program, it is necessary to focus on 3 (three) main activities, namely: 1) Procurement; 2) Storage (warehousing); and 3) Delivery. The development of industry and technology that continues to change and is dynamic, as well as the impact of the current covid 19 pandemic where the business logistics and courier service sector is a business sector that has an important role in goods delivery services which is also influenced by people's behavior in online shopping activities or e-commerce. commerce. Vocational higher education, such as diploma three study programs, management of commercial shipping and ports, maritime faculty, Amni Maritime University, Semarang, of course, has the opportunity to prepare human resources and develop their cadets to adapt to the needs of the world of work based on logistical competence and supply chain management so that graduates Commercial and port shipping management study programs can be directly ready to use / plug and play / link and match with the real world of work.

Exploring Ballast Water Management in Taiwan Using the PSR Conceptual Model Based on Stakeholders’ Perspectives

Accidental introduction of nonindigenous aquatic species (NIAS) is usually mediated by shipping through ballast water. Ballast water management plans are being developed and implemented around the world to prevent the spread of NIAS. However, for marine environmental management, incorporating stakeholders’ perceptions into designing and formulating management plans is key to achieving successful implementation. This study used qualitative interviews and grounded theory to induce the influencing factors and conceptual model of stakeholders’ perceptions on ballast water management (BWM) issues. The interplay of the pressure–state–response conceptual model based on grounded theory was established to elaborate on stakeholders’ perceptions. The study results indicated that local ballast water management required comprehensive port state control (PSC) and technical competency development. Second, an international commercial port can be used as a demonstration area to demonstrate the effectiveness and the potential benefits of BWM implementation due to its potential to link with international networks. Moreover, legislation, surveying/monitoring, institutional capacity and outreach/education are the four fundamentals to marine bio-invasion management. Initiating ballast water management measures as part of port environmental management aims to enhance marine pollution management capacity, especially in the field of marine bio-invasion management.