Commercial Form Research Articles

Green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive determination of larotrectinib in biological fluids and dosage forms: Evaluation of method greenness and selectivity

Recently, the kinase receptor inhibitor drug larotrectinib has been approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients with solid tumors containing the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion. In this paper, a novel sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of larotrectinib based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) fluorescent probes. The proposed method is the first spectroscopic method for analysis of the cited drug, which is simple to implement and involves no pre-treatment steps or complicated techniques. The N-CQDs synthesis was performed by adopting a straightforward, fast, and environmentally friendly approach. It was achieved by means of a standard domestic microwave with inexpensive and readily available starting materials: orange juice (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source). The synthesized N-CQDs were subjected to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization procedures. They were found to be stable with a sufficiently high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%) and a small particle size distribution (2–5 nm). The motivation for the use of N-CQDs in this study arose from their excellent fluorescence intensities at 417 nm when excited at 325 nm. Larotrectinib was found to have a quantitative and selective quenching effect on the QDs fluorescence allowing for its sensitive determination. The drug’s quenching mechanism was investigated and found to be of the static type. Under optimal conditions, the proposed approach permitted the determination of larotrectinib over the concentration interval of 5.0–28.0 µg/mL. The method showed sufficient sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.19 µg/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.57 µg/mL, enabling the determination of LARO in spiked human plasma samples. The approach’s recovery percentage was found to be in the range of 99.09–100.73% for pure samples and 97.35–102.59% for plasma samples. The study also successfully applied the proposed approach to the commercial oral solution form of larotrectinib (Vitrakvi®) with high selectivity. Method greenness was further evaluated by adopting two metric tools, including the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), and it was confirmed to be excellent green. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations and is considered an excellent candidate for potential application in the therapeutic monitoring of larotrectinib.

A New Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Diacerein and Aceclofenac in Novel Nanoemulgel Formulation and Commercial Tablet Dosage Form in the Presence of their Major Degradation Products Using DoE Approach.

The present study aimed to develop a simple, robust, sensitive and effective stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of diacerein (DCN) and aceclofenac (ACE) in novel nanoemulgel formulation and commercial tablets in the presence of their main degradation product: rhein (RH) and diclofenac sodium (DLS), respectively. A fractional factorial design was used to screen the crucial independent factors, whereas a central composite design was used for the optimization of the chromatographic conditions. The separation was carried out on Phenomenex C18 column (5μm, 250 × 4.6mm), using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer pH3 (0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (40:60v/v) at a flow rate of 1mL/min with detection at 264nm. The analytes were exposed to a variety of stress conditions, including heat, alkali, acid, oxidation, photochemical, humidity and hydrolysis. DCN, ACE, RH and DLS were found to have retention times of 4.32 ± 0.15, 5.77 ± 0.07, 8.28 ± 0.20 and 9.10 ± 0.18min, respectively. The percent recovery for all four analytes was found to be between 98 and 102, and the procedure was discovered to be linear in the range of 0.1-64μg/mL with R2 value > 0.999. The established method was validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully used to assay DCN and ACE in their combined marketed tablet dosage form and developed nanoemulgel formulation.

Influence of Co3O4-based catalysts on N2O catalytic decomposition and NO conversion.

This study investigated the effect of different Co3O4-based catalysts on the catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) and on nitric oxide (NO) conversion. The experiments were carried out using various reaction temperatures, alkaline solutions, pH, mixing conditions, aging times, space velocities, impregnation loads, and compounds. The results showed that Co3O4 catalysts prepared by precipitation methods have the highest catalytic activity and N2O conversion, even at low reaction temperatures, while the commercial nano and powder forms of Co3O4 (CS) have the lowest performance. The catalysts become inactive at temperatures below 400°C, and their activity is strongly influenced by the mixing temperature. Samples without stirring during the aging process have higher catalytic activity than those with stirring, even at low reaction temperatures (200-300°C). The catalytic activity of Co3O4 PM1 decreases with low W/F values and low reaction temperatures. Additionally, the catalyst's performance tends to increase with the reduction process. The study suggests that cobalt-oxide-based catalysts are effective in N2O catalytic decomposition and NO conversion. The findings may be useful in the design and optimization of catalytic systems for N2O and NO control. The results obtained provide important insights into the development of highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable catalysts for environmental protection.

Comparison of 5-ASA layered or matrix pellets coated with a combination of ethylcellulose and eudragits L and s in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate and optimize the combination of time and pH-dependent polymers as a single coating for the design of the colon-specific drug delivery system of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) pellets. 5-ASA matrix pellets with a 70% drug load were prepared by the extrusion-spheronization method. The optimal coating formula which included Eudragit S (ES) + Eudragit L (EL) + Ethylcellulose (EC) was predicted for the targeted drug delivery to the colonic area by a 32 factorial design. The ratio of ES:EL:EC and coating level were considered as independent variables while the responses were the release of less than 10% of the drug within 2 h (Y1), the release of 60–70% within 10 h at pH 6.8 (Y2) and lag time of less than 1 h at pH 7.2 (Y3). Also, 5-ASA layered pellets were prepared by the powder layering of 5-ASA on nonpareils (0.4–0.6 mm) in a fluidized bed coater and then coated with the same optimum coating composition. The coated 5-ASA layered or matrix pellets were tested in a rat model of ulcerative colitis (UC) and compared with the commercial form of 5-ASA pellets (Pentasa®). The ratio of ES:EL:EC of 33:52:15 w/w at a coating level of 7% was discovered as the optimum coating for the delivery of 5-ASA matrix pellets to the colon. The coated 5-ASA pellets were spherical with uniform coating as shown by SEM and met all of our release criteria as predicted. In-vivo studies demonstrated that the optimum 5-ASA layered or matrix pellets had superior anti-inflammatory activities than Pentasa® in terms of colitis activity index (CAI), colon damage score (CDS), colon/body weight ratio and colon’s tissue enzymes of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The optimum coating formulation showed a high potential for colonic delivery of 5-ASA layered or matrix pellets and triggered drug release based on pH and time.

Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex industry from algae: A critical review of the current advancements, hurdles, and biotechnological potential

PCPs (Peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins), water-soluble light-harvesting complexes only found in dinoflagellates, have achieved tremendous research progress in the past few decades. Their commercial form product, Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex, is enormously applied in fluorescent label probes because of unique fluorescence characteristic. The huge application prospect has spawned a large number of studies on PCPs. Most of the research has been carried out around the light factor, however, other factors and the regulatory mechanism of PCPs are still indistinct. Although the complete nucleic acid sequences, vivid protein structures and explicit energy transfer mechanism of some PCPs have been revealed, that of PCPs in other dinoflagellates are not yet clear, which are the trends in future. It is not difficult to realize the crude purification of PCPs, but pioneering new ways and obtaining high-purity PCPs are still difficulties. Many applications of PCPs have been developed, nevertheless, plenty of which are in the laboratory stage. Due to the variety of research results of PCPs but lack of systematic summary, we carefully review the recent information about PCPs in fields of PCP-producing algae species, metabolic regulation, structure, energy transfer and photoprotection. Moreover, we further highlight purification processes and potential applications of PCPs. Finally, the challenges and strategies of large-scale commercial and cross-domain applications of PCPs are also analyzed and assessed.

Colon Target Drug Delivery System Review

For the local treatment of a number of bowel disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, amoebiasis and sand, colonic cancer, the local treatment of colonic pathologies, and the systemic distribution of protein and peptide medicines, targeted drug delivery into the colon is extremely desirable. A medication must be properly formulated for colon-focused drug delivery. To ensure sudden or controlled release in the proximal colon, the substance must first be shielded from degradation, release, and absorption in the upper GI tract. The advantages and disadvantages, cutting-edge methods for colon-targeted drug delivery, clinical evaluation methods, and some details about commercial dosage forms are the main topics of this paper

Overcoming insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes by using faster-acting solid forms of deltamethrin

BackgroundControlling malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes with pyrethroid insecticides is becoming increasingly challenging because of widespread resistance amongst vector populations. The development of new insecticides and insecticidal formulations is time consuming and costly, however. A more active crystalline form of deltamethrin, prepared by heating the commercial crystalline form, previously was reported to be 12-times faster acting against susceptible North American Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes. Herein the potential for heat-activated deltamethrin dispersed on chalk to overcome various resistance mechanisms amongst five West African Anopheles strains is investigated, and its long-term sustained lethality evaluated.MethodsThe more active deltamethrin form was generated in a commercial dust containing deltamethrin by heating the material as purchased. Tarsal contact bioassays were conducted to investigate its efficacy, potency, and speed of action against resistant Anopheles populations compared to the commercially available form of deltamethrin dust.ResultsIn all cases, D-Fense Dust heated to generate the more active form of deltamethrin was substantially more effective than the commercially available formulation. 100% of both Banfora M and Kisumu populations were knocked down 10 min post-exposure with no recovery afterwards. Gaoua-ara and Tiefora strains exhibited 100% knockdown within 15 min, and the VK7 2014 strain exhibited 100% knockdown within 20 min. In all cases, 100% mortality was observed 24 h post-exposure. Conversely, the commercial formulation (unheated) resulted in less than 4% mortality amongst VK7 2014, Banfora, and Gaoua-ara populations by 24 h, and Tiefora and Kisumu mosquitoes experienced 14 and 47% mortality by 24 h, respectively. The heat-activated dust maintained comparable efficacy 13 months after heating.ConclusionsThe heat-activated form of commercial deltamethrin D-Fense Dust outperformed the material as purchased, dramatically increasing efficacy against all tested pyrethroid-resistant strains. This increase in lethality was retained for 13 months of storage under ambient conditions in the laboratory. Higher energy forms of commonly used insecticides may be employed to overcome various resistance mechanisms seen in African Anopheles mosquitoes through more rapid uptake of insecticide molecules from their respective solid surfaces. That is, resistant mosquitoes can be killed with an insecticide to which they are resistant without altering the molecular composition of the insecticide.

Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the determination of some pharmaceutically-important nitro compounds

In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs’ maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs’ native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a “turn-off” fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0–30.0, 10.0–200.0, 6.0–200.0, and 5.0–100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44–100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.

Biotechnological tools for reducing the use of sulfur dioxide in white grape must and preventing enzymatic browning: glutathione; inactivated dry yeasts rich in glutathione; and bioprotection with Metschnikowia pulcherrima

Sulfur dioxide is the most used additive today for preventing browning in grape musts and wines. However, since wine consumers are increasingly interested in healthier wines, the wine industry is keen to reduce its use. Some promising alternatives to sulfur dioxide have been proposed in recent years, including glutathione, both pure and in the form of inactivated yeasts, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima used as a bioprotective agent. Some information exists about the protective effect against oxidation of glutathione but there is very few about the use of bioprotection for that purpose. Supplementation with glutathione, regardless of the commercial form, reduced oxygen consumption and browning intensity when laccase was not present in the grape juice. Metschnikowia pulcherrima also reduced browning intensity in the absence of laccase but increased the total oxygen consumption. However, in the presence of laccase, glutathione and Metschnikowia pulcherrima were not effective enough to adequately prevent the grape juice from browning. Glutathione, both pure and in the form of inactivated yeasts, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima are interesting tools for protecting grape must against browning, and thus reducing the use of sulfur dioxide.

Determination of Pterostilbene in Pharmaceutical Products Using a New HPLC Method and Its Application to Solubility and Stability Samples

The quantification of a natural bioactive compound, pterostilbene (PTT), in commercial capsule dosage form, solubility, and stability samples was carried out using a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach. PTT was quantified on a Nucleodur (150 mm × 4.6 mm) RP C18 column with a particle size of 5 µm. Acetonitrile and water (90:10 v/v) made up the mobile phase, which was pumped at a flow speed of 1.0 mL/min. At a wavelength of 254 nm, PTT was detected. The developed HPLC approach was linear in 1–75 µg/g range, with a determination coefficient of 0.9995. The developed HPLC approach for PTT estimation was also rapid (Rt = 2.54 min), accurate (%recoveries = 98.10–101.93), precise (%CV = 0.59–1.25), and sensitive (LOD = 2.65 ng/g and LOQ = 7.95 ng/g). The applicability of developed HPLC approach was revealed by determining PTT in commercial capsule dosage form, solubility, and stability samples. The % assay of PTT in marketed capsules was determined to be 99.31%. The solubility of PTT in five different green solvents, including water, propylene glycol, ethanol, polyethylene glycol-400, and Carbitol was found to be 0.0180 mg/g, 1127 mg/g, 710.0 mg/g, 340.0 mg/g, and 571.0 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the precision and accuracy of stability samples were within the acceptable limit, hence PTT was found to be stable in solution. These results suggested that PTT in commercial products, solubility, and stability samples may be routinely determined using the established HPLC method.

Ecotoxicity stress and bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida earthworms exposed to vanadium pentoxide in soil

As an important commercial form of vanadium, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is widely used in various modern industries, and its environmental impacts and ecotoxicity have been extensively studied. In this research, the ecotoxicity of V2O5 to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in soil was tested by exposure to V2O5 at a series of doses, and biochemical response indices, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were analysed to determine the mechanism by which antioxidant enzymes respond to V2O5 exposure. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of vanadium pentoxide in the earthworms and soil was also measured to explore the bioaccumulation process of V2O5 in the test period. The results showed that the acute and subchronic lethal toxicity values of V2O5 towards E. fetida were 21.96mg/kg (LC50, 14days) and 6.28mg/kg (LC10, 28days), respectively. For the antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT were synchronously induced or inhibited within the time period, and the enzyme activity had a dose-effect relationship with the V2O5 concentration. MDA analysis indicated that lipid peroxidation in earthworms mainly occurred at the early stage and was eliminated slowly in the later stage during the test time. In addition, the BAFs were much less than 1, which indicated that V2O5 did not easily accumulate in earthworms, and the BAF was positively correlated with the exposure time and negatively linearly correlated with the V2O5 concentration in the soil. These results indicated that the bioconcentration and metabolic mechanism of V2O5 in earthworms differed with the different exposure concentrations, and bioaccumulation became balanced after 14-28days in earthworms exposed to a relatively lower dose of V2O5. The analysis of the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index indicated that the trends of IBR values were positively related to the changing V2O5 concentration, and the IBR index could reflect the organism's sensitivity to the external stimulus of V2O5. The toxicity of V2O5 is mainly caused by V5+, which is also an important factor in formulating guidelines regarding vanadium levels in soil, and the test earthworm species (Eisenia fetida) is a sensitive biological indicator for risk assessments of vanadium oxidation in the soil.

Styling the “Ivy” Man: Jewish Men as Creators and Consumers of an American Style, 1940–1965

Studies of Jewish “Americanization” have largely focused on earlier periods of immigration and emphasized the democratic nature of dress in the United States. In contrast, this study analyzes the decades at mid-century when Jews began visibly to enter the American mainstream and argues for an increased appreciation of male sartorial distinction as cultural capital in Jewish social mobility and self-assertion within a stratified American social system. In the decades after the Second World War, a commercialized form of Ivy League style became one of the leading modes of middle class American masculine self-fashioning. Many Jewish students, professors, and young professionals found in Ivy style a statement suited to their aspirations of educational, social, and economic advancement in the face of traditional antisemitic discrimination. The Jewish history of Ivy style reveals the ambiguities and ironies of this process of class-specific Americanization, given the disproportionate role of Jewish tailors and businessmen in the creation and curation of an American style so closely linked to power. Drawing on memoirs, contemporary images, and vintage clothing, this article examines the connection between Ivy style as sartorial habitus and Jewish social and cultural integration in and through higher education.

Voltammetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid at Organic Conducting Polymers Electrodes and Flow Injection Analysis

In this paper, a sensitive and rapid modified electrode for the determination of Ascorbic Acid (AA) is proposed. In this study, active compound AA was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various conducting polymer electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of AA. The electrochemical behavior of AA at conducting polymer electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of AA. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT &gt; PPY &gt; PAN. Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of AA. The best results for the determination of AA were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of AA. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1×10−9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1×10−6 M using platinum electrodes.

Inhibitory Activity of &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;Pseudomonas putida&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;Bacillus licheniformis&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt; Supernatants on PMMoV in Chili Pepper

Background and objective: Plant viruses are major obstacles to enhancing crop productivity in both agriculture and horticulture throughout the world, resulting in losses of several billion dollars every year. Controlling viruses is arduous, so agrochemicals are widespread. To minimize the usage of those, this study's objective was to assess bacterial cultures supernatants on &lt;i&gt;pepper mild mottle virus&lt;/i&gt; (PMMoV) in chili pepper plants and identify its secondary metabolites.Methods: This 48-h grown &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas putida&lt;/i&gt; (PP) and &lt;i&gt;Bacillus licheniformis&lt;/i&gt; (BL) cultures supernatants were foliar sprayed separately in chili pepper plants 24-h before PMMoV inoculation (T1), and 24-h before and after PMMoV inoculation (T2), 2wpi (week's post inoculation), the virus titer was determined by using a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and the supernatants were extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated by rota-evaporation before being analyzed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The culture supernatants of PP and BL inhibit PMMoV by 43-47% in both the treatments (T1 &amp; T2) compared to the control. The GC-MS chromatogram of two cultures of supernatants identified the molecules of cyclo (Pro-Val), cyclo (Pro-Leu), and cyclo (Phe-Pro). Commercial forms of these three molecules at three concentrations showed a hypersensitive response, ranging from 45-65% for PMMoV in &lt;i&gt;Nicotiana glutinosa&lt;/i&gt;.Conclusion: The results revealed that supernatants of PP and BL-containing compounds have biological control of PMMoV in chili pepper plants.

Academic entrepreneurship: work identity in contexts

ABSTRACT Through the qualitative analysis of 81 semi-structured interviews of academics from the STEM fields, working in UK, Australia, and Italy, we support and challenge the previous literature on academic entrepreneurship. On the one hand, our research supports previous studies which suggest that some academics find compatibility between their academic roles and forms of science commercialization and knowledge transfer. The findings suggest that such an alignment of roles takes place in contexts (disciplinary, proximal) which stimulate and support academic entrepreneurship. At the same time, we argue against of the idea of fusion of academic-entrepreneur role identity and we suggest whilst the two roles may coexist, they are separate, as the academic identity remains the central salient identity. Continuity of core academic values is linked to ‘supranational’ factors such as norms and values of the academic profession and of disciplinary fields, which influence perceptions of alignment or misalignment with various activities, including the entrepreneurial one. We offer a redefinition of academic entrepreneurship through the lens of social entrepreneurship which could constitute the bridge between two worlds which are typically considered difficult to connect.

Portrayals of Women in Commercial Advertising: A Comparative Study Based on Contemporary Advertisements

Both Social Progress Index (SPI) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have given importance to gender equality and inclusiveness in their agendas as it is considered one of the primordial struggles essential to bring balance to the social sphere. On the other hand, advertising has been one of the primary modes of transforming and transporting these messages to the audiences seeded across the furthest corners of the remotest locations. While in the beginning, advertisements were used to serve simple requirements of sharing information among multiple receivers, over the hundreds of years of socioeconomic, cultural, political, and economic changes, made it complicated. Among many roles that an advertisement plays as a non-personal mode of communication, bringing social changes is one of them that has the power even to form values and opinions and sometimes brings phenomenal changes into behavior. The commercial form of advertainments is often found in favor of such portals that discreetly britches a few fundamental values and ethics set by the governing bodies and may lead to spreading misinformation and misconceptions. Similarly, women have been subjectified in advertisements from the very beginning with different objectives, however, for this research, the portrayals of women in commercial advertisements have broadly segregated into conventional and non-conventional categories. To analyze the distinctive differences between the two categories, the advertisements from 2015 to 2022 have been considered as the SDGs enacted by the United Nations with a prominent goal ’gender equality’ aims to bring down the conventional categorization and portrayals of gender in all forms.

Blockchain technology empowers the crowdfunding decision-making of marine ranching

Marine ranching, as a new commercial form, the lack of construction and development funds has become its development constraint. Crowdfunding provides a new way to break through the financing bottleneck of marine ranching, and blockchain technology (BT) can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry in crowdfunding progress. However, the choice of enterprise crowdfunding methods and the influence of consumer crowdfunding and pre-sale crowdfunding on supply chain value co-creation have not been deeply studied. Based on the theory of value co-creation, this paper uses multi-level programming and backward induction method to construct and solve the supply chain models of consumer crowdfunding and pre-sale crowdfunding under the traditional mode and BT mode, and obtains balanced results. Analyze the influence of the product green attributes, the degree of the enterprise’s attention to crowdfunding consumer value and ordinary consumer value, consumer recognition of product attributes (quality attributes, green attributes) and other parameters on supply chain operation; Through the comparative analysis of different models and numerical simulation, the optimal decision results are further discussed. The research shows that: (1) The overall value of the supply chain is higher when the marine ranching leading enterprise adopts the consumer crowdfunding method than when the pre-sale crowdfunding method. Moreover, the introduction of BT can improve the value of each subject in the supply chain system. (2) The marine ranching leading enterprise pays attention to the value of crowdfunding consumers and ordinary consumers, which will reduce their own value and increase the value of other subjects in the supply chain. The improvement of crowdfunding consumers' recognition of product attributes will improve their consumer value. (3) When the green attributes of products increase, the values of the leading enterprise, the retailer, the crowdfunding platform and consumers all increase, and the overall value of supply chain is improved. (4) Increasing product sales is the unified goal of all subjects in crowdfunding supply chain system, thus promoting the economic value and environmental value of enterprises.

A Validated, Stability-Indicating, Eco-Friendly HPTLC Method for the Determination of Cinnarizine

The eco-friendly high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) approaches for measuring cinnarizine (CIN) are scant in reported databases. As a result, the current work has developed and validated an eco-friendly HPTLC technique for assessing CIN in commercial formulations. The proposed approach was based the use of ethyl alcohol-water (90:10 v/v) as the eco-friendly mobile phase. A wavelength of 197 nm was used to detect CIN. The greenness score of the current approach was measured using the Analytical GREENness (AGREE) approach. The current approach was linear for CIN measurement in 50–800 ng band−1 range. The current approach for CIN measurement was validated successfully using ICH guidelines and was found to be linear, accurate (% recovery = 99.07–101.29%), precise (% CV = 0.80–0.95%), robust, sensitive (LOD = 16.81 ng band−1 and LOQ = 50.43 ng band−1), specific, selective, stability-indicating, and eco-friendly. The AGREE score for the current approach was calculated to be 0.80, showing an excellent greenness characteristic of the present approach. Under forced degradation conditions, the current approach was successful in separating the CIN degradation product, demonstrating the stability-indicating qualities/selectivity of the present approach. The % assay of CIN in commercial tablet brands A and B was found to be 98.64 and 101.22%, respectively, suggesting the reliability of the present approach in the pharmaceutical analysis of CIN in commercial dosage forms. The obtained findings indicated that CIN in commercial formulations could be routinely determined using the current approach.

If Walls Could Talk: Politics, Sound, Otherness

This paper relates the philosophical theme of the wall and barriers with musicality. In various ages, music has had a progressive political significance, whereas the contemporary world expresses its regressive nature in commercial musical forms and sound marketing. The closed and obsessive forms of the technological universe appear to be universes of expressive freedom while, on the contrary, the language of harmonic forms has become impoverished and is often characterized by repetitive rhythms with strong identity repercussions. For this reason, the present essay analyses the theme of the wall referring to music as an expressive and artistic form born for the community and in itself open. Often today, though, music is used for marketing strategies or as a vehicle for racial suprematism, discrimination, xenophobia. Starting from the analysis of common idioms such as “if walls could speak” or “walls have ears too” this paper focuses on the difference between music used as a democracy/open space and as an instrument for a strong and closed identity regression.

Research on the spatial layout optimization strategy of Huaihe Road Commercial Block in Hefei city based on space syntax theory.

Commercial block not only serves as a public space for the consumption, entertainment, and recreation of residents but also witnesses the history of urban commercial development. With the urban development and the improvement of people's living standards, most commercial blocks are faced with such problems as traffic congestion, simple commercial form, and unreasonable spatial layout. By taking the commercial block of Huaihe Commercial Pedestrian Street as an example and combining the axis and viewshed analysis method of space syntax theory, this article has analyzed the space and quantified the relevant data to analyze the spatial layout relationships of commercial blocks. As the outcomes, this article summarizes the strategies for optimizing the traffic space, scenic space, and commercial space of commercial blocks, hoping to facilitate the commercial block space layout optimization in the era of stock.