Commercial Fabrics Research Articles

Self-powered wearable keyboard with fabric based triboelectric nanogenerator

In Internet of Things (IoT) era, electronic textiles (E-textiles), which combine various functional devices on a fabric, have attracted attention. Among various components for E-textiles, the human-machine interface device, for example, a keyboard, is one of the most important parts. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can be a powerful sensing component for the interface device due to its cost-effectiveness, design flexibility and self-powered operation. Previous studies reported fabric-based sensor devices with TENG, but as yet, no device that harnesses commercial compatibility with the textile industry has been reported. It is timely to explore a low-cost TENG-based keyboard made completely of commercial fabric for early commercialization. This paper proposes a TENG-based wearable keyboard that uses only cheap commercial fabrics. Each cell in the proposed keyboard generates electrical signals according to an external touch without any power supply. After an appropriate filtering process, the proposed keyboard can detect a key stroke without any ambiguity. We verify the keyboard operation by typing a word and playing music. The material dependency of the proposed keyboard is experimentally validated with various material pairs. Finally, the endurance of the proposed keyboard against folding, repeated touches and washing is experimentally confirmed for actual applications in a real environment.

Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube- and graphene-glass fiber fabric-reinforced epoxy composites: A comparative study

This study was focused on the comparative effect of tube- and sheet-like nanocarbons on the structure–property relationships of fiber-reinforced composites. Graphene nanosheets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed into commercial glass fiber fabric (Gf) to obtain multiscale graphene-Gf- and MWCNT-Gf-reinforcing materials, respectively, followed by a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process. The influence of MWCNTs and graphene on the mechanical and thermal performance of multiscale composites were investigated. The experimental results indicated that oxidized MWCNTs or graphene could ensure excellent dispersibility on the fiber surface, and ultimately enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resultant composites. Graphene oxide (GO), with a wrinkled and roughened texture, was shown to be superior to MWCNTs in terms of toughening the fiber/matrix interface and delaying the deformation or failure of the epoxy matrix. Under the same dosage of nanocarbons, the interlaminar shear strength of GO-Gf-reinforced composites (GO-GfCs) was raised by approximately 12%, and the relevant onset thermal-decomposition temperature was increased by > 11℃, compared with carboxyl MWCNT-Gf-reinforced composites (Mc-GfCs). Meanwhile, the GO-GfCs exhibited superior static and dynamic mechanical properties compared to those of Mc-GfCs.

Self-powered active antibacterial clothing through hybrid effects of nanowire-enhanced electric field electroporation and controllable hydrogen peroxide generation

Pathogenic bacteria that give rise to infection have posed major health concerns over the past several decades. In this paper, we propose a self-powered active disinfection system controlled by human motions. The system is mainly composed of a multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator (m-TENG) for the harvesting of biomechanical energy and conductive fabrics as electrodes for the wearable disinfection system. The working principle of the system is based on hybrid effects of H2O2 production and electroporation, which provide good disinfection performance toward gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, we also demonstrate that the presence of gold-coated tellurium nanowires (Au-Te NWs) on the fabrics increased the strength of local electric field and enhanced the system's disinfection performance. With the help of Au-Te NWs, the disinfection activities of the system reach values of more than 87% and 96% against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, when the m-TENG was operated at a frequency of 1 Hz for 60 min. Furthermore, the disinfection activity can be strengthened by increasing the operation frequency or electric output of the m-TENG. Alternatively, the generated electricity can be stored in a capacitor to achieve rapid disinfection via an instantaneous discharging process. Because of the fiber-based structure in the disinfection device and the shoe-embedded design of the m-TENG, our proposed self-powered active disinfection system can be easily integrated into commercial textiles to fabricate smart clothes to combat pathogenic bacteria.

Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions assessment: An Australian commercial building perspective

To fulfil the hunger for sustainable development, Australian construction sector seems to contemplate toward green design. Green-Star environmental rating system, one of the active building rating systems in Australia, has also been employed in New Zealand, and South Africa. To help engineers and designers obtain comprehensive visualisation on sustainable projects, this paper develops a model to evaluate energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions based on typical Australian commercial building alternatives. From that, this paper explains how to achieve points for “Energy” and “Life-cycle impacts” categories of this rating system. The model uses GaBi 8.1 platforms and shows relationships between building's energy consumption, and greenhouse-gas emissions released during the building lifetime.This paper provides insight into life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions assessment for several typical commercial building fabrics in Australia. The developed model can also be conveniently modified to automate calculations for other credits under the Green-Star environmental rating system, and other environmental rating systems around the world. The study suggests that designers should consider the inverse relationship between building envelopes' total R-value with energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. Another finding shows that materials used for building envelopes play a significant role to manage energy consumption as well as greenhouse-gas emissions amount during the building's life-cycle.

Comfort properties of cotton, acrylic and polypropylene/ nettle union fabrics

The textile industry for designing and producing new textiles from time to time. The efforts were taken to develop Eco-friendly and biodegradable fibres to control non-polluting environment. Nettle plant have been used as food, fodder and raw material in cosmetics, medicines, industry and bio-dynamic agriculture. Many experiments have been conducted not only in developing commercial textiles using nettle, but also in the growth and propagation of the crop in the most sustainable manner. The nettle union fabrics were constructed to study the properties of fabric. To construct nettle union fabric, the nettle yarn was used as weft with cotton, acrylic and polypropylene yarn as warp. In the study, the fabrics were prepared with three different weave (plain, twill and basket weave). Union fabric was much cheaper in cost compared to pure nettle fabric. Those woven fabrics were tested for physical and mechanical properties analyzed. Further, data were evaluated to find out the influence of physical and mechanical properties.

Use a Modified Ring Method to Predict Drape Properties in Drapery Fabrics

Abstract Seven drape indicators and four of the parameters assessed in the UPC ring test were determined by using canonical correlations in 15 commercial drapery fabrics of variable composition, aerial weight and weave type. A regression equation relating drape ratio (%DR) and parameter h in the ring test was thus established. Based on the results, the ring test provides a useful tool for the routine industrial assessment of drape in finished drapery fabrics without the need for additional equipment to determine the drape.

A textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator with humidity-resistant output characteristic and its applications in self-powered healthcare sensors

Functional textiles have evoked great attention due to their promising applications in next-generation wearable and biomedical electronics. However, the constraints on the harsh operation environment and ineffective response to instantly reflect the physical status remain critical challenges. Herein, we develop a chitosan-based triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) to harvest biomechanical energy from human motions, in which a nanostructured chitosan-glycerol film is utilized to promote the commercial textile into a multi-functional textile based on its transparency, flexibility, biocompatibility and adaptability to commercial fabrics. The output characteristics of the as-fabricated C-TENG are notably stable under various humidity conditions, distinguishing them from conventional TENGs. As the relative humidity (RH) changes from 20% to 80%, the electric output of the C-TENG remains unchanged, in contrast to the performance degradation observed for conventional TENGs. Moreover, the C-TENG can be further developed into various kinds of self-powered healthcare sensors for humidity, sweat, and gait phase detection. More importantly, the designed humidity sensor based on the C-TENG exhibits a promising advancement in sensitivity compared with conventional TENG-based humidity sensors. This work presents a new step in applying multi-functional textiles to wearable energy harvesters and self-powered sensors, which have high potential for future smart clothing products and personalized healthcare sensors.

Environmentally Sustainable Flame Retardant Surface Treatments for Textiles: The Potential of a Novel Atmospheric Plasma/UV Laser Technology

Conventional flame retardant (FR) application processes for textiles involve aqueous processing which is resource-intensive in terms of energy and water usage. Recent research using sol-gel and layer-by-layer chemistries, while claimed to be based on more environmentally sustainable chemistry, still require aqueous media with the continuing problem of water management and drying processes being required. This paper outlines the initial forensic work to characterise commercially produced viscose/flax, cellulosic furnishing fabrics which have had conferred upon them durable flame retardant (FR) treatments using a novel, patented atmospheric plasma/Ultraviolet (UV) excimer laser facility for processing textiles with the formal name Multiplexed Laser Surface Enhancement (MLSE) system. This system (MTIX Ltd., Huddersfield, UK) is claimed to offer the means of directly bonding of flame retardant precursor species to the component fibres introduced either before plasma/UV exposure or into the plasma/UV reaction zone itself; thereby eliminating a number of wet processing cycles. Nine commercial fabrics, pre-impregnated with a semi-durable, proprietary FR finish and subjected to the MLSE process have been analysed for their flame retardant properties before and after a 40 °C 30 min water soak. For one fabric, the pre-impregnated fabric was subjected to a normal heat cure treatment which conferred the same level of durability as the plasma/UV-treated analogue. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were used to further characterise their burning behaviour and the effect of the treatment on surface fibre morphologies were assessed. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that negligible changes had occurred to surface topography of the viscose fibres occurred during plasma/UV excimer processing.

Melding Vapor-Phase Organic Chemistry and Textile Manufacturing To Produce Wearable Electronics.

Body-mountable electronics and electronically active garments are the future of portable, interactive devices. However, wearable devices and electronic garments are demanding technology platforms because of the large, varied mechanical stresses to which they are routinely subjected, which can easily abrade or damage microelectronic components and electronic interconnects. Furthermore, aesthetics and tactile perception (or feel) can make or break a nascent wearable technology, irrespective of device metrics. The breathability and comfort of commercial fabrics is unmatched. There is strong motivation to use something that is already familiar, such as cotton/silk thread, fabrics, and clothes, and imperceptibly adapt it to a new technological application. (24) Especially for smart garments, the intrinsic breathability, comfort, and feel of familiar fabrics cannot be replicated by devices built on metalized synthetic fabrics or cladded, often-heavy designer fibers. We propose that the strongest strategy to create long-lasting and impactful electronic garments is to start with a mass-produced article of clothing, fabric, or thread/yarn and coat it with conjugated polymers to yield various textile circuit components. Commonly available, mass-produced fabrics, yarns/threads, and premade garments can in theory be transformed into a plethora of comfortably wearable electronic devices upon being coated with films of electronically active conjugated polymers. The definitive hurdle is that premade garments, threads, and fabrics have densely textured, three-dimensional surfaces that display roughness over a large range of length scales, from microns to millimeters. Tremendous variation in the surface morphology of conjugated-polymer-coated fibers and fabrics can be observed with different coating or processing conditions. In turn, the morphology of the conjugated polymer active layer determines the electrical performance and, most importantly, the device ruggedness and lifetime. Reactive vapor coating methods allow a conjugated polymer film to be directly formed on the surface of any premade garment, prewoven fabric, or fiber/yarn substrate without the need for specialized processing conditions, surface pretreatments, detergents, or fixing agents. This feature allows electronic coatings to be applied at the end of existing, high-throughput textile and garment manufacturing routines, irrespective of dye content or surface finish of the final textile. Furthermore, reactive vapor coating produces conductive materials without any insulating moieties and yields uniform and conformal films on fiber/fabric surfaces that are notably wash- and wear-stable and can withstand mechanically demanding textile manufacturing routines. These unique features mean that rugged and practical textile electronic devices can be created using sewing, weaving, or knitting procedures without compromising or otherwise affecting the surface electronic coating. In this Account, we highlight selected electronic fabrics and garments created by melding reactive vapor deposition with traditional textile manipulation processes, including electrically heated gloves that are lightweight, breathable, and sweat-resistant; surface-coated cotton, silk, and bast fiber threads capable of carrying large current densities and acting as sewable circuit interconnects; and surface-coated nylon threads woven together to form triboelectric textiles that can convert surface charge created during small body movements into usable and storable power.

Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric

Global warming and energy crises severely limit the ability of human civilization to develop along a sustainable path. Increasing renewable energy sources and decreasing energy consumption are fundamental steps to achieve sustainability. Technological innovations that allow energy-saving behaviour can support sustainable development pathways. Energy-saving fabrics with a superior cooling effect and satisfactory wearability properties provide a novel way of saving the energy used by indoor cooling systems. Here, we report the large-scale extrusion of uniform and continuous nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) microfibres with cotton-like softness for industrial fabric production. The nanopores embedded in the fibre effectively scatter visible light to make it opaque without compromising the mid-infrared transparency. Moreover, using industrial machines, the nanoPE microfibres are utilized to mass produce fabrics. Compared with commercial cotton fabric of the same thickness, the nanoPE fabric exhibits a great cooling power, lowering the human skin temperature by 2.3 °C, which corresponds to a greater than 20% saving on indoor cooling energy. Besides the superior cooling effect, the nanoPE fabric also displays impressive wearability and durability. As a result, nanoPE microfibres represent basic building blocks to revolutionize fabrics for human body cooling and pave an innovative way to sustainable energy. Energy-saving innovations, such as fabrics with cooling effects, contribute to sustainability. This study reports the large-scale extrusion of uniform and continuous nanoporous polyethylene microfibres with cotton-like softness for wearable fabrics. The fabric can lower human skin temperature by 2.3 °C with over 20% savings on indoor cooling energy.

Development and Characterisation of Nonwoven Fabrics for Apparel Applications

The cost of making apparel fabrics for garment manufacturing is very high because of their conventional manufacturing processes and new methods/processes are being constantly developed for making fabrics by unconventional methods. With the advancements in technology and the availability of the innovative fibre, durable nonwoven fabrics by using the hydroentanglement process that can compete with the woven fabrics in terms of their aesthetic and tensile properties are being developed. In the work reported here, the hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics were developed through a hybrid nonwoven manufacturing processes by using fibrillated Tencel® and bi-component (sheath/core) polyethylene/polyester (PE/PET) fibres, in which the initial nonwoven fabrics were prepared by the needle-punching method followed by hydroentanglement process carried out at optimal pressures of 50 to 250 bars. The prepared fabrics were characterised according to the British Standards (BS 3356:1990, BS 9237:1995, BS 13934-1:1999) and the attained results were compared with those for a standard plain-weave cotton, polyester woven fabric and commercially available nonwoven fabric (Evolon®). The developed hydroentangled fabrics showed better drape properties owing to their flexural rigidity of 252 mg.cm in the MD, while the corresponding commercial hydroentangled fabric displayed a value of 1340 mg.cm in the MD. Tensile strength of the developed hydroentangled fabrics showed an approximately 200% increase than the commercial hydroentangled fabrics. Similarly, the developed hydroentangled fabrics showed higher properties in term of air permeability, such as the developed hydroentangled fabric exhibited 448 mm/sec and Evolon fabric exhibited 69 mm/sec at 100 Pa pressure. Thus for apparel fabrics, the work combining the existing methods of nonwoven production, provides additional benefits in terms of cost, time and also helps in reducing the carbon footprint for the apparel fabric manufacture.

Information Sharing along the Global Textile Supply Chain for Maximizing their Added Values

Information flows within global textile supply chains and between supply chains stakeholders should be suppressed as much as possible so as to maximize the added value of textile products when they move along the supply chain process. However, information flows between supply chain stakeholders with their corresponding distinct supply chains should not be suppressed in order to make sure that the supply meets the demand effectively and efficiently. Because stakeholders reduce the bullwhip effect by ordering the commercial textiles’ consignments based on the demand order sizes which they get from their downstream firms by means of information sharing technology. Out of many reengineering efforts taken by many textile supply chain giants to improve their supply chain operating efficiencies, information sharing between partners is one key initiative and sharing sales information is a significant strategy to counter bullwhip effect. Hence, it is high time; textile scientist as well as the merchandisers gave thought in this segment of global textile supply chain and maximized the revenue by means of information sharing from backward linkage industries to forward linkage industries.

Flexible cellulose-based thermoelectric sponge towards wearable pressure sensor and energy harvesting

Self-powered electronic sensors and devices are suitable for use in applications such as health monitoring and information collection under battery-free conditions. Thermoelectric (TE) materials can utilize the temperature difference between the body and environment to achieve self-power. In this work, a flexible cellulose-based TE sponge (CP:PP sponge) was prepared via the electrostatic assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on cellulose sponges crosslinked with branched polyethylenimine (CP sponge). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the adsorption of the PEDOT:PSS onto the CP sponge. The 3D structures, which were composed of thin sheets, typical of cellulose sponges, were maintained within the CP:PP sponges. These CP:PP sponges exhibited reasonable piezoresistive characteristics and excellent flexibility. Upon the application of several press-release cycles, the resistance varied without attenuation. It was demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of the sponge could be enhanced from 2 mS/cm to 6.7 mS/cm via further assembly of the PEDOT:PSS using an immersive layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy, and the thermal conductivity was maintained as 0.0449 W/mK. The maximum figure-of-merit (ZT) value was 1.88 × 10−6 at 310 K. A TE generator was fabricated by sandwiching the as-prepared CP:PP sponge, with enhanced electric conductivity and inherent low thermal conductivity, between commercial cotton fabrics. At an ambient temperature of 291 K, the device was shown to generate a voltage of 0.3 mV when one side of the device was attached to forearm skin (307 K). Such CP:PP sponges could potentially be used in artificial intelligence products or remote medical monitoring devices as general, flexible thermal energy harvesting materials.

Manufacture and characterization of oxide ceramic matrix composites out of commercial pre-impregnated fabrics

In this work, a recent production technique of oxide ceramic matrix composites with a porous matrix based on commercial prepregs from Axiom, USA, was developed and investigated. The main objectives were to study the influences of the different prepreg types and the manufacturing process on the material properties. Two commercially available prepregs – Nextel™ 720 fabric with alumina-silica matrix based on a non-aqueous slurry and Nextel™ 610 with alumina matrix based on an aqueous slurry – are processed with the simple techniques of laminating, warm pressing, drying and sintering. The manufacturing process has been defined on one hand based on the prepreg manufacturer’s recommended curing cycle as well as based on thermogravimetric analysis. On the other hand, standard-processes from own know-how were used which are based on the wet layup technique with fabrics infiltrated by hand. The manufacturer of the prepreg recommended curing via warm compression or autoclave process. The autoclave process has been pushed aside in order to significantly reduce production costs. The matrix composition has been analyzed after different processing steps. Bending and shear tests showed the influence of the different prepregs and thermal treatment on mechanical properties. Based on experimental results from microstructural analysis and mechanical testing, it was shown that prepregs out of alumina fabric with an aqueous alumina matrix are suitable for the production of the all-oxide CMCs.

Preparation and properties of a novel, high-performance polyether ether ketone fabric

In this study, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) fibers were produced by melt spinning method and woven to form fabrics. Several characterization tests were conducted with fiber tensile testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter to investigate the basic properties of PEEK fibers. Electric fabric strength, thermal performance, and corrosion resistance of PEEK fabric were also investigated. The commercial samples of NomexIIIA (imported) and Aramid1313 fabrics (made in China) were selected as control groups to evaluate the performance of developed fabrics. The results indicate that the PEEK fabrics have higher breaking strength, better corrosion resistance, and greater thermal stability than the other two commercial fabrics in the control group. The total friction of the PEEK fabric reached 30,000 times when two separate yarns in fabric were broken completely, and the breaking strength was in the range of 830–1422 N. The surface of PEEK fibers remained smooth, and there was no deformation after handling by 30% sodium hydroxide and 36% hydrochloric acid for 48 h; additionally, there was no weight loss. The melting point of PEEK fabric was 342.89°C, and it lost 5% of its weight at 574°C. The research shows that as a novel high-performance textile, PEEK fabrics with a long service temperature of 260°C have significant advantages in the improvement of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of textiles, especially enhancing the stability under high-concentration alkaline environment. This work can provide novel avenues for the development of high-performance fibers and products with applications in special harsh environments.

Properties of MWCNT–glass fiber fabric multiscale composites: mechanical properties, interlaminar adhesion, and thermal conductivity

In this study, multiscale MWCNT–glass fiber fabric (MGFf) preforms with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed onto commercial E-glass fiber fabric (GFf) was used to fabricate the MGFf multiscale composites. The mechanical properties, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), dynamic viscoelasticity and thermal conductivity of MGFf multiscale composites were investigated using a universal material testing machine, dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer and transient plane source method. Furthermore, the reinforcing mechanisms of MWCNTs on interlaminar adhesion of MGFf multiscale composites were explored using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Compared with the GFf composite, the ILSS and thermal conductivity of MGFf multiscale composites were increased by 40.5% and 55.3%, respectively; both of the tensile and flexural properties of MGFf multiscale composites were significantly enhanced; the glass transition temperature of MGFf multiscale composites was also raised. In addition, the interface thickness was increased with the addition of MWCNTs, and MWCNTs in MGFf multiscale composites behaved as hooked fibers to improve the interlaminar adhesion. The work demonstrates the great promise of MGFf preforms toward practical industrial application in manufacturing multifunctional fiber composites with high strength and modulus, high shear resistance and good thermal conductivity.

Transforming Commercial Textiles and Threads into Sewable and Weavable Electric Heaters.

We describe a process to transform commercial textiles and threads into electric heaters that can be cut/sewn or woven to fashion lightweight fabric heaters for local climate control and personal thermal management. Off-the-shelf fabrics are coated with a 1.5 μm thick film of a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), using an improved reactive vapor deposition method. Changes in the hand feel, weight, and breathability of the textiles after the coating process are imperceptible. The resulting fabric electrodes possess competitively low sheet resistances-44 Ω/□ measured for coated bast fiber textiles and 61 Ω/□ measured for coated cotton textiles-and act as low-power-consuming Joule heating elements. The electrothermal response of the textile electrodes remain unaffected after cutting and sewing due to the robustness of the conductive coating. Coated, conductive cotton yarns can also be plain-woven into a monolithic fabric heater. A demonstrative circuit design for a soft, lightweight, and breathable thermal glove is provided.

Highly conductive templated-graphene fabrics for lightweight, flexible and foldable supercapacitors

The templated-rGO fabric, featuring high conductivity (<1.0 Ω □−1) and low density (160 mg cm−2), is prepared by a simple dip-coating technique with sequentially coating nickel via polymer-assisted metal deposition (PAMD) and reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) on textile fabric templates at very mild conditions and is used in the fabrication of energy storage devices. As a proof of concept, both the layered and planar supercapacitors (SCs) are successfully fabricated using the rGO fabrics as templates, and both exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, ultrahigh stability with 2000 charge–discharge cycles and mechanical flexibility at bending (r = 3 mm) and even folding states. It is found that the material of textile fabric used has a profound effect on the electrochemical property of SCs. The comparison result reveals that loose natural cotton fabrics are more suitable than tight man-made nylon fabrics for preparing high-performance SCs. In addition, such supercapacitor can be sewed into commercial textiles and powers a LED light, indicating promising applications in wearable electronics.

Piezoelectric Microstructured Fibers via Drawing of Multimaterial Preforms

We demonstrate planar laminated piezoelectric generators and piezoelectric microstructured fibers based on BaTiO3-polyvinylidene and carbon-loaded-polyethylene materials combinations. The laminated piezoelectric generators were assembled by sandwiching the electrospun BaTiO3-polyvinylidene mat between two carbon-loaded-polyethylene films. The piezoelectric microstructured fiber was fabricated via drawing of the multilayer fiber preform, and features a swissroll geometry that have ~10 alternating piezoelectric and conductive layers. Both piezoelectric generators have excellent mechanical durability, and could retain their piezoelectric performance after 3 day’s cyclic bend-release tests. Compared to the laminated generators, the piezoelectric fibers are advantageous as they could be directly woven into large-area commercial fabrics. Potential applications of the proposed piezoelectric fibers include micro-power-generation and remote sensing in wearable, automotive and aerospace industries.

Luminescent electrospun nanofibers doped with organic dye: Toward a disentangled deposition

Luminescent organic nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning the mixture of polar polymer polyacrylonitrile and rhodamine 6G dissolved in polar solvent dimethylformamide. SEM observations revealed that large volumes of nanofibers were successfully fabricated at the line velocity of 8 m s−1 with constant diameter along the whole length of nanofibers. Fluorescence optical microscopy revealed that homogeneously luminescent nanofibers were deposited on a rotating cylinder electrode with reduced entanglement, opening a novel usage as detached separate nanofibers: when intentionally embedded in commercial textiles, they will function as, for example, forensic tracking owing to the invisibility to naked eyes.