Combined Exercise Research Articles

Comparison of the effects of the three methods of massage, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination on the depression in elderly women

Introduction: The present study aims to compare the effects of massage, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination methods on symptoms of depression. Materials and Methods: According to the research criteria, 60 available samples were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups and single control one. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed by the examinees before the intervention, two months after its beginning and one month after ending. Each experimental group received one of the massage interventions, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination for eight weeks, three sessions per week and for a period of 40 minutes per session. The data were analyzed using 4 (group) × 3 (measurement) factorial analysis of variance method (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test was employed to compare the intragroup differences in the measurement steps and intergroup ones. The significance level of alpha was considered to be 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of depression within the three experimental groups of massage (0.001), yoga (0.00) and combination (0.00). There was also a significant difference between the four groups in the depression variable (0.001). But the combined exercise program of massage and yoga had the most effect in improving the symptoms of depression. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that all three methods of massage intervention, selected yoga exercises and the combination of massage and yoga led to the improvement of depression symptom. However, there was a significant difference between the three approaches and the massage-yoga combinative exercise program was found to have the greatest effect on functioning of people with depression.

Resistance exercise in combination with aerobic exercise reduces the incidence of serious events in patients with liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Exercise, particularly resistance exercise, is beneficial for sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the effects of exercise on events remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effects of exercise on serious events in patients with liver cirrhosis using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A literature search was conducted in 2022. Eleven RCTs were selected for the meta-analysis (exercise group, n = 232; control group, n = 193). Serious events were defined as death or serious complications according to the original articles. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was the incidence of serious events. In the 11 RCTs, the incidence of serious events was 5.6% (13/232) and 12.3% (24/193) in the exercise and control groups, respectively. However, a meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the incidence of serious events between the two groups (risk difference [RD] - 0.03, 95% confidence intervals (CI) - 0.07 to 0.02). In a stratification analysis based on a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise, five RCTs (n = 185) were enrolled. The incidence of serious events was 6.25% (7/112) and 24.7% (18/73) in the combination exercise and control groups, respectively. A meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of serious events in the combination exercise group compared with the control group (RD - 0.12; 95% CI - 0.21 to - 0.03). Resistance exercise in combination with aerobic exercise reduces serious events in patients with liver cirrhosis. A combination of aerobic and resistance exercise may be beneficial to improve the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis.

EL EFECTO DE UN PROGRAMA COMBINADO DE EJERCICIO Y FIJACIÓN DE OBJETIVOS SOBRE LA MEJORA EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA Y LA REDUCCIÓN DE LA ANSIEDAD Y LA DEPRESIÓN EN PACIENTES CON ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a combined exercise and goal-setting program of Greek patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on improving quality of life, reducing anxiety and avoiding depression through physical activity. The sample consisted of 30 patients with MS (15 men & 15 women), aged 23 to 65 years, randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group (N = 15) participated in an 8-week exercise program combined with self-selected goal-setting strategies. The control group (N = 15) did not participate in any intervention procedure. Pre and post intervention, both groups completed instruments measuring their quality of life (SF-36), anxiety and depression (HADS). Comparison between pre and post-intervention results showed an improvement on quality of life features and a reduction of depression and anxiety levels only for the experimental group participants compared to control group individuals. Based on these findings, further recommendations were made concerning the effect of a combined physical activity and goal-setting program on improving quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The Effect of Rehabilitation with Selected Concurrent Training on the Expression of Thrombospondin-1 and Interleukin-1 Beta in Blood Mononuclear Cells in Male Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Introduction and purpose: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a common therapeutic intervention that is performed in patients suffering from coronary heart diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected combined rehabilitation exercises on the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) genes in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 20 male patients from Afshar Hospital (Yazd city) after coronary artery surgery were purposefully selected and available and randomly divided into two groups of combined exercise and control. Combined exercise program group performed aerobic (15-20 minutes with an intensity of 50-60% of the maximum heart rate) and resistance exercise (10-20 minutes, including three movements of the upper limbs and two movements of the lower limbs, each movement includes three sets and each set with 10 repetitions and 30 to 60 percent of a maximum repetition) for 10 weeks (30 sessions) and three sessions per week. Gene expression was measured by Real Time PCR method.. The data were analyzed using the Paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA at the P<0.05. Results: After the intervention period, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-1β was observed, but no significant difference was observed in the expression of TSP-1. Conclusion: Combined exercises as a non-pharmacological rehabilitation intervention can be useful in patients who have undergone CABG by reducing systemic inflammation.

The effect of a walking, dancing, and strength training program on the functional fitness of adults with intellectual disability: A randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: Many adults with intellectual disabilities live a sedentary lifestyle, have low levels of functional fitness and are overweight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an exercise intervention with activities which are simple, fun, accessible and adapted for socialising in a group would elicit significant improvements in various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Forty-two adults with intellectual disability (44.5 ± 11.5 years) were randomly located to an exercise group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 23). The program consisted of walking, dancing, and resistance training exercises and was implemented, three times a week for 6 weeks. Results: Significant ameliorations (p < 0.05) were reported for body mass, hip circumference, aerobic capacity, functional ability, muscular strength, balance, and flexibility with varying degrees of effect sizes. Conclusions: The combined exercise training program showed a significant positive impact on various parameters associated with functional fitness for adults with intellectual disability.

Long-term drinking of green tea combined with exercise improves hepatic steatosis and obesity in male mice induced by high-fat diet.

Dietary habits and exercise play an important role in the well-being of human health. Currently, how long of drinking tea combined with exercise could efficiently ameliorate hepatic steatosis and obesity still needs to be investigated. Here, short-term and long-term green tea drinking combined with exercise were studied to improve hepatic steatosis and obesity in high-fat diet-induced (HF) mice. Our results showed that Yunkang 10 green tea (GT) combined with exercise (Ex) exhibited synergistic prevention effects on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and obesity. Especially, 22-week intervention with GT or Ex improved all symptoms of obesity, which indicated that long-term intervention exhibited profound preventive effects than the short term. Moreover, the combined intervention of 22 weeks inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests that tea combined exercise may improve liver steatosis mainly by inhibiting inflammation. The key molecules for regulating lipid and glucose metabolism SCD1 were obviously downregulated, and GLU2 and PPARγ were significantly upregulated by GT and exercise in the liver of high-fat diet-induced mice. This study demonstrated that long-term intervention with GT and exercise effectively relieved hepatic steatosis and obesity complications by ameliorating hepatic inflammation, reducing lipid synthesis, and accelerating glucose transport.

Protective effects of swimming exercises and metformin on cardiac and aortic damage caused by a high-fat diet in obese rats with type 2 diabetes, by regulating the Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway.

Due to the increasing mortality and morbidity rates in diabetes mellitus (DM), which is one of the biggest health problems of our age, many treatment modalities are still being tried. The positive effects of metformin (MET) and physical exercise (EXE) on the pathophysiology of diabetes are well known. In this study, it was aimed to detail these positive effects of MET and EXE in combination on the basis of inflammation, apoptosis mechanisms, and endogen nesfatin-1 (NES-1) synthesis. Twenty-seven type 2 DM (DM-2) male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups, as the high-fat diet (HFD), MET, EXE, and MET+EXE groups. The total duration of the study was 3 months. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. Histopathological evaluation was performed on the cardiac and aortic tissues and apoptotic markers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Inflammatory markers and NES-1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma glucose, homeostatic model evaluation-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased significantly in the HFD group. In the treatment groups, the glucose, HOMA-IR, LDL, NES-1 levels in the plasma, as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, caspase-3 (Cas-3), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and histopathological findings of inflammation in tissues were decreased. Additionally, there was an increase in plasma insulin, HDL, and tissue B-cell lymphoma-2 and levels. It was observed that the MET and EXE treatments in the DM-2 model reduced cellular damage mechanisms such as inflammation and apoptosis. The decrease in NES-1 levels was thought to be secondary to this antiinflammatory effect. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of EXE in reducing DM-2 and the NES-1 levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect in different EXE models and treatment durations.

Multimodal Exercise and Cognitive Training Program Improves Cognitive Function in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

To investigate the preliminary efficacy of a combined physical exercise + cognitive training intervention for older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Randomized clinical trial. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA. Sample included 72 community-dwelling volunteers (mean age 72.4 ± 9.5) diagnosed with aMCI. Participants were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise + cognitive training (CARE+CT) or stretching exercise + CT (SE+CT). Primary outcomes included intervention specific assessments of word list and name-face recall. Secondary cognitive outcomes included standardized composite scores that reflect cognitive domains (e.g., learning and memory, executive function, processing speed, visuospatial ability, language). Secondary physiological outcomes included VO2 max and functional capacity (e.g., distance walked 6-minute walk test). APOE and BDNF were determined from whole blood samples. Controlling for age and employment status, linear mixed effects models revealed that all participants experienced significant improvement in the delayed recall of word list, learning and memory and executive function. Only the CARE+CT condition had significant improvement in processing speed and functional capacity. APOE4 status impacted cognitive benefits of those in the SE+CT condition. Results provide preliminary support for combined exercise and cognitive training interventions for older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved as well as the impact of these interventions in diverse samples. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01962038.

Effects of therapeutic exercise on the motor function of adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapeutic exercise exerts positive effects by mitigating or reducing the motor or cognitive changes that people with Down syndrome undergo throughout their life. There are no updated systematic reviews that integrate the evidence available in a way that facilitates decision-making for physical rehabilitation teams. This study therefore aimed to consolidate the information available and compare the effects of different types of physical exercise on the motor function of adults with DS. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. The literature search was performed between January 2023 and February 2023 using the PubMed, SCIELO, Epistemonikos, and Lilacs databases. Studies were selected according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the risk-of-bias rating tool for randomized clinical trial (RoB) and the risk of bias of non-randomized comparative studies was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Risk-of-bias assessment and meta-analyses were performed using the RevMan software package. Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria for the qualitative synthesis and 4 were included in the meta-analyses. Combined exercise significantly increased muscle strength both in the upper limbs (SMD = 0.74 [95% CI 0.25–1.22]) and lower limbs (SMD = 0.56[95% CI 0.08–1.04]). Aerobic exercise improved spatiotemporal gait parameters. Aerobic exercise showed significant improvements in dynamic balance while combined exercise significantly increased dynamic and static balance. The certainty of the evidence was low to moderate for all outcomes. There was low and moderate certainty of evidence for the outcomes proposed in this review. However, therapeutic exercise could be effective in improving muscle strength and gait functionality.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise with and without Strengthening Exercises on Neuropathic Symptoms in People with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Background: The incidence of peripheral neuropathy among chronic diabetic patients is escalating, with a notable rise observed in Pakistan. This trend has been partly attributed to the predominant reliance on pharmacotherapy, while the role of physical exercise in management remains underutilized. Aerobic exercise is widely recommended in clinical guidelines for the treatment and prevention of diabetic complications, and it is hypothesized that the addition of strength training could yield even more benefits. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and strength training exercises on neuropathic symptoms in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were equally divided into two groups: Group A underwent a combined regimen of aerobic and strength training exercises, whereas Group B engaged in aerobic exercises alone. The effectiveness of these interventions was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing independent t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and descriptive statistics for in-depth analysis. Results: Group A demonstrated a significant reduction in MNSI scores with a mean difference of 1.700 and a p-value &lt; 0.001, indicating a substantial improvement in neuropathic symptoms compared to Group B. While both groups showed significant improvements in NPRS and CGIC scores, the differences were not statistically significant, with p-values of 0.599 and 0.330, respectively, and mean differences of 0.1500 and 0.2500 for NPRS and CGIC. The overall statistical analysis revealed a high significance level (p &lt; 0.001) within both groups in all measured outcomes, suggesting considerable improvements post-intervention. Conclusion: The addition of strength training to aerobic exercises significantly enhances the reduction of neuropathic symptoms in diabetic patients. However, for pain relief and overall clinical improvement, both treatment approaches—combined aerobic and strength training or aerobic exercise alone—were equally effective.

Effectiveness of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Training for Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Physical exercise is a well-established method for managing blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and a combination of both aerobic plus resistance training on BP, body composition (BC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among hypertensive patients. The total population was sixty hypertensive patients; of these, forty-eight male adults (45.28 ± 7.44, years); with a sedentary lifestyle were randomized to one of the three exercise interventions or a control group. Subjects in all three exercise groups had an equal total exercise time (60 minutes), which included 10-15 minutes of warming up and dynamic stretching, 10-15 minutes of cooling down and static stretching and 30- 40 minutes for the main workout. Data were presented as mean (standard deviation, SD) or mean change with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All three-intervention trainings showed improvement in BP, CRF, and BC. However, the most effective intervention training was combined training. Combined training resulted in significant reductions in body composition, resting heart rate (RHR) and, BP: body weight -7.92 kg, BML -5.96 kg/m2, SBP -17.75mmHg, DBP -12.5 mmHg, RHR -8.17 bpm, and percent body fat (%BF) -6.49%. The aerobic training group only increased VO2max 12.44 ml/kg/m. Compared to aerobic or resistance training alone, a 12-week of combination exercise may offer more comprehensive advantages for those at a higher risk for hypertension.

Are the attitudes and beliefs of Australian exercise-based practitioners associated with their use of, and confidence in, treatment modalities for people with chronic low back pain?

Practitioners' attitudes and beliefs towards chronic low back pain (CLBP) influence their clinical decision making, but few studies have investigated decision making outside the context of patient vignettes for a range of first- and second-line treatment options for CLBP, or in accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs). Using an online survey, Australian AEPs and physiotherapists rated their use of different treatments for CLBP (exercise, education, manual therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy) and their confidence in these treatments for reducing pain and disability. Their biomedical and biopsychosocial beliefs were also assessed using the Pain and Attitudes Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Differences between disciplines in treatment use and confidence were analysed using Mann-Whitney U tests and independent t-tests, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to explore factors associated with treatment choices. Two-hundred thirty-three practitioners (n=143 physiotherapists, n=90 AEPs) completed the survey. Most practitioners were confident in treating CLBP, had a moderate-high level of confidence in the different treatments, and regularly used them in practice. Practitioners with higher biomedical beliefs had greater use of, and confidence in, specific exercise, manual therapy, and combined exercise and manual therapy. Practitioners with higher biopsychosocial beliefs were more confident in general exercise, cognitive behavioural therapy, pain education and combined exercise and pain education. Practitioner beliefs influence their use of, and confidence in different treatments for CLBP. These findings suggest a need for strategies to enhance biopsychosocial beliefs/reduce biomedical beliefs in Australian exercise-based practitioners.

Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundLifestyle modifications involving diet and exercise are recommended for patients diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet (AEDT) on various cardiometabolic health-related indicators among individuals with obesity and T2DM.MethodologyA comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for this meta-analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies, and the GRADE tool was used to rate the certainty of evidence. A random-effects model for continuous variables was used, and the results were presented as mean differences or standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 16,129 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants. The findings revealed significant improvements in body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, glycated hemoglobin, leptin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin (p < 0.05) compared to the standard treatment (ST) group. No significant differences were observed between the AEDT and ST groups in fat mass, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The present findings are based on low- to moderate-quality evidence.ConclusionsAEDT may be a critical behavior for holistic cardiometabolic health-related benefits as a contemporary anti-obesity medication due to its significant positive impact on patients with obesity and T2DM. Nevertheless, further robust evidence is necessary to determine whether AEDT is an effective intervention for lowering cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among individuals with obesity and T2DM.

Hearing loss moderates cognitive‐motor dual‐tasking before and after combined exercise and cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Findings from the SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related hearing loss is associated with poor cognitive‐motor dual‐task performance and is a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although different interventions have shown to improve dual‐task performance in older adults, it is currently unclear whether hearing ability affects training efficacy in individuals with MCI.MethodsSecondary data analyses of 75 participants with MCI (Mage = 73.66 ± 6.67) who completed the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration and Aging SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies. We investigated how hearing ability (normal hearing (n = 56), hearing loss (n = 19)) moderated the efficacy of a 20‐week intervention (combined exercise and cognitive training (n = 32), exercise training alone (n = 31), control (n = 12)) on single‐ and dual‐task working memory performance (serial one or seven subtractions, semantic fluency) and spatio‐temporal gait characteristics.ResultsAt baseline, participants with hearing loss had slower gait speed and higher step time variability while concurrently completing the semantic fluency task, compared to participants with normal hearing. Participants with hearing loss also had higher accuracy on the semantic fluency and serial seven subtractions tasks while dual‐tasking, compared to participants with normal hearing. Single‐ and dual‐task gait speed increased significantly following combined exercise and cognitive training, with greater improvements observed in participants with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. However, older adults with hearing loss showed a significant decrease in dual‐task serial seven subtractions and semantic fluency following combined exercise and cognitive training.ConclusionThese findings help clarify the relationship between hearing loss, cognition, and mobility in old age and inform training recommendations for persons with MCI based on hearing ability. Combined exercise and cognitive training appears to have increased attentional and physical resources, allowing participants with hearing loss to shift postural prioritization strategies while dual‐tasking from a posture‐second strategy to a posture‐first strategy. Thus, combined exercise and cognitive training may be particularly beneficial for older adults with both MCI and hearing loss, in order to improve safe walking behaviours while multi‐tasking and mitigate further decline.

Abstract A024: Mind Your BEAT: A culturally adapted intervention to increase physical activity and reduce psychosocial distress among rural breast cancer survivors

Abstract Purpose: Rural cancer survivors are less likely to meet physical activity recommendations than urban cancer survivors, contributing to physical inactivity-related cancer health disparities. Evidence-based interventions to reduce psychosocial distress and increase physical activity in cancer survivors were developed in urban or clinical settings and often fail when implemented in rural community settings. The purpose of this study was to use a community-engaged approach to develop and evaluate an intervention to reduce psychosocial stress and increase physical activity in rural breast cancer survivors in Northeast Texas. Method: We conducted interviews with community partners and rural breast cancer survivors to adapt an evidence-based program for rural cancer survivors and for implementation in a rural community setting. The Mind Your BEAT (MYB) intervention combined aerobic exercise, group education, and mind-body strategies to increase physical activity and reduce psychosocial distress in rural breast cancer survivors. Participants were recruited through FitSteps for Life, an existing evidence-based exercise program, and randomized to participate in MYB or FitSteps as usual (control group). Self-reported weekly leisure time physical activity (WLA) was assessed using the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, and psychosocial distress was assessed using the NCCN distress thermometer. All measures were completed at baseline and following the 3-month intervention. Participants were categorized as meeting physical activity recommendations or not (WLA score ≥24 or &amp;lt;24) and reporting high or low psychosocial distress (NCCN score ≥4 or &amp;lt;4). Results: To date, 29 rural breast cancer survivors (M age=65.8±10.3 years) have enrolled in the study, and 24 (83%) were retained at post-intervention. Most participants completed a bachelor degree or more (62%), reported an annual household income &amp;gt;$40,000 (80%), reported their cancer stage at diagnosis was 0-II (95.9%), and were over 5 years post-treatment (M=5.9±8.4 years). In the MYB intervention, the percent of rural breast cancer survivors who met physical activity recommendations increased from 53.3 to 90.9% compared to the control group, which decreased from 64.3 to 50%. The percent of rural cancer survivors who reported high psychosocial distress decreased from 66.7 to 27.3% in the MYB group and from 57.1 to 41.7% in the control group. Conclusions: MYB integrates physical and psychological health and wellbeing and is feasible among rural breast cancer survivors who are insufficiently active. Furthermore, MYB improved physical activity and reduced psychosocial distress among rural cancer survivors who experience poorer cancer survivorship outcomes and are at greater risk of recurrence, comorbidity and death. Findings from this study fill a critical gap in the literature on the translation of evidence-based interventions into sustained practice in rural community settings. Citation Format: Scherezade K. Mama, Lily Ju, Brandy Friendly, Ian Leavitt, Laura Q. Rogers, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Lorna H. McNeill. Mind Your BEAT: A culturally adapted intervention to increase physical activity and reduce psychosocial distress among rural breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A024.

Mažo intensyvumo aerobinių pratimų ir aerobinių bei pasipriešinimo pratimų veiksmingumas slaugomų pacientų skausmui, kvėpavimo funkcijai, nuovargiui ir gyvenimo kokybei

Background. In older people with multiple comorbidities, quality of life declines due to physical deterioration, which may also contribute to psychological deterioration (Nóbrega et al., 2009; Subramaniam et al., 2019). In such cases, it is important to ensure adequate physical activity, as it can improve their physical and psychological condition (Bricca et al., 2020). Physical activity including aerobic exercises, resistance exercises, and stretching exercises can improve the quality of life in elderly (López-Torres, 2019), but it remains unclear which physical exercises are more effective.&#x0D; The aim. To determine which of the physiotherapy programs - low-intensity aerobic exercises or combined aerobic and resistance exercises - are more effective in reducing pain and fatigue of nursing patients, improving respiratory indicators and quality of life.&#x0D; Methods. 20 patients 74.85±5.4 years of age participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: MIAP group - applied low-intensity aerobic exercise, APP group - aerobic and resistance exercise. Perceived pain was assessed using numerical pain scale (SAS). Respiratory function indicators were evaluated by spirometry. The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20L) assessed general, physical and mental fatigue, decreased activity and motivation. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.&#x0D; Results. Applying the MIAP and APP programs was significantly reduced pain, physical fatigue, improved quality of life related to physical and mental health, and respiratory indicators (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. A low-intensity aerobic exercise program was more effective in reducing fatigue, while an aerobic and resistance exercise program was more effective in improving respiratory function. Both programs were effective in improving mental and physical health-related quality of life and reducing pain.&#x0D; Keywords: physiotherapy, quality of life, pain, respiratory function, fatigue.

Effect of exercise interventions on sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: a comprehensive review

Purpose: This study examined the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and measurements of sarcopenic obesity and identified effective exercise interventions that improve cardiometabolic outcomes in middle-aged and older adults, in whom the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing. Methods: This comprehensive review followed the principles of literature search, data extraction, and review, as described in the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. Results: The 11 articles included in this study presented different concepts of sarcopenic obesity. Exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity varied in their effects. Resistance exercise improved muscle mass and physical function, while aerobic exercise primarily impacted obesity and cardiometabolic indicators. Combined exercise had mixed results across indicators.Conclusion: This study addressed a pressing public health concern in the context of an aging population, acknowledged the unique challenges of sarcopenic obesity, and attempted to clarify definitions and assessment methods, while identifying effective exercise interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Sarcopenic obesity is a multifaceted condition with varying definitions and diagnostic criteria. Its association with cardiometabolic risk underscores the need for comprehensive assessments considering both muscle and obesity indicators. While exercise interventions hold promise for managing sarcopenic obesity, further research is required to establish effective strategies.

복합운동과 저염식 교육이 여성노인의 대사증후군 위험인자, 맥파속도 및 영양소 섭취 상태에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of combined exercise program and low-sodium diet education on metabolic syndrome risk factors, pulse wave velocity and nutrient intakes status in the elderly women for 12 weeks. The subjects were conducted twice a week and each time for 60 minutes of exercise time for elderly women consisting. combined exercise program low-sodium diet education group (n=8), combined exercise program group (n=8), low-sodium diet education group (n=8), control group (n=8). Data processing calculated the average value(M) and standard deviation(SD) for each measurement item, and paired t-test was performed in each group, and using one-way ANOVA and the post-verification Duncan were set to .05. As a result, metabolic syndrome risk factors, pulse wave velocity all showed positive effects in the combined exercise program low-sodium diet education group. In the low-sodium diet education group, SBP, DBP(p&lt;.05) were significantly reduced, and HDL-C(p&lt;.05) was significantly increased. Therefore, aerobic exercise and bare-handed muscle resistance exercise, have been shown to affect metabolic syndrome and pulse wave velocity through regular physical activity and changes in eating habits through low-sodium diet education, and are expected to help prevent various diseases including cardiovascular disease.

Maternal exercise during pregnancy modulates genotoxicity caused by high fructose consumption in mice offspring.

Pregnancy is a period that is characterized by several metabolic and physiological changes and requires special attention, especially with regard to the relationship between feeding and foetal development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the practice of voluntary physical exercise (VPE) in combination with chronic consumption of fructose (FRU) from the beginning of life and/or until the gestational period causes genotoxic changes in pregnant females and in their offspring. Seventy Swiss female mice received FRU in the hydration bottle and/or practiced VPE for 8 weeks (prepregnancy/pregnancy). After the lactation period, the offspring groups were separated by sex. It was observed that the consumption of FRU affected the food consumption, serum concentration of FRU, and glycemic profile in the mothers and that the VPE decreases these parameters. In addition, FRU was genotoxic in the mothers' peripheral tissues and VPE had a preventive effect on these parameters. The offspring showed changes in food consumption, serum FRU concentration, and body weight, in addition to an increase in the adiposity index in male offspring in the FRU (FRU) group and a decrease in the FRU + VPE group. FRU leads to hepatic steatosis in the offspring and VPE was able to decrease the area of steatosis. In addition, FRU led to genotoxicity in the offspring and VPE was able to modulate this effect, reducing damages. In conclusion, we observed that all interventions with VPE had nutritional, genetic, and biochemical benefits of the mother and her offspring.

Acute changes in the metabolome following resistance exercise combined with intake of different protein sources (cricket, pea, whey).

Separately, both exercise and protein ingestion have been shown to alter the blood and urine metabolome. This study goes a step further and examines changes in the metabolome derived from blood, urine and muscle tissue extracts in response to resistance exercise combined with ingestion of three different protein sources. In an acute parallel study, 52 young males performed one-legged resistance exercise (leg extension, 4 × 10 repetitions at 10 repetition maximum) followed by ingestion of either cricket (insect), pea or whey protein (0.25g protein/kg fat free mass). Blood and muscle tissue were collected at baseline and three hours after protein ingestion. Urine was collected at baseline and four hours after protein ingestion. Mixed-effects analyses were applied to examine the effect of the time (baseline vs. post), protein (cricket, pea, whey), and time x protein interaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics resulted in the annotation and quantification of 25 metabolites in blood, 35 in urine and 21 in muscle tissue. Changes in the muscle metabolome after combined exercise and protein intake indicated effects related to the protein source ingested. Muscle concentrations of leucine, methionine, glutamate and myo-inositol were higher after intake of whey protein compared to both cricket and pea protein. The blood metabolome revealed changes in a more ketogenic direction three hours after exercise reflecting that the trial was conducted after overnight fasting. Urinary concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide was significantly higher after ingestion of cricket than pea and whey protein. The blood, urine and muscle metabolome showed different and supplementary responses to exercise and ingestion of the different protein sources, and in synergy the summarized results provided a more complete picture of the metabolic state of the body.