Combat Conditions Research Articles

Алгоритмы обработки радиолокационной информации в специализированной системе автоматизированного проектирования

A brief description of the radar CAD software modules responsible for this functionality is given. The module of engineering calculations and simulations allows you to set the scenario of the interference-target situation and conduct a complete, close to reality, simulation of the behavior of the radar in combat conditions. The visual functional editor provides the ability to create a radar simulation model in the form of a graph of streaming calculations from interconnected parameterizable blocks. The library of parameterizable modeling blocks contains modeling blocks designed for calculations and modeling of structural and functional parts of developed radar stations, complexes, systems. Simulation model of an active single-position pulse-Doppler sector-observation radar with electronic beam scanning was created. The following algorithms are implemented in the model: the sum-difference monopulse direction finding algorithm, the MUSIC superresolution direction finding algorithm, and the projection adaptive spatial filtering algorithm. A simulation experiment was carried out with a radar model in three scenarios of an interference-target environment, which differ in the presence of interfering signals. Analysis of the results of the simulation experiment shows that the operation of the algorithms corresponds to the theoretical prediction. The abilities of radar CAD presented in this article can be used by specialists in radar and signal processing.

Determination of the need of the army in unmanned ground vehicles

The introduction of the latest technologies into the military sphere expands the capabilities of modern weapons systems and changes the nature of threats, forms and methods of warfare. The lack of resources for symmetrical opposition to Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine, on the one hand, and the real possibilities of using the latest technologies in the formation of an asymmetric countermeasure potential, on the other, determine the urgent need to develop unmanned ground vehicles for the needs of the Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article deals with problematic issues related to the conduct of military scientific research to determine the need and expediency in the development (purchase) of the latest models of unmanned ground vehicles. It is shown that the unresolved nature of these issues exacerbates the contradiction between the developers of unmanned ground vehicles and the Customer (Army). This contradiction is due to a misunderstanding of what kind of unmanned ground vehicles the Army need. Realizing that robotization is a global trend, the Army, as a rule, is skeptical about the capabilities of unmanned ground vehicles to effectively perform tasks in real combat conditions, and domestic manufacturers of unmanned ground vehicles, on their own initiative, are trying to prove to the Army that the samples they have proposed will increase the efficiency of the units Army. In order to improve the mechanism for determining the need for unmanned ground vehicles, an approach is proposed, the essence of which is to fulfill the principle of unity of three categories: the need, possibility and feasibility of creating the latest models of unmanned ground vehicles. The implementation of the proposed approach will make it possible to form operational and tactical requirements for unmanned ground vehicles "not divorced" from real needs, scientific, technical, production and economic capabilities.

Stopping bleeding from neck injuries in the first stage in military conditions

Annotation. Damage to blood vessels in the neck, which is accompanied by massive bleeding, occurs both in peacetime in ENT oncology practice and as a result of trauma during hostilities. The chances of survival depend on the time of onset of medical care and the methods used to fix the neck. The aim of the work is to consider ways to help with neck injuries, identify their shortcomings and publish the developed method of stopping bleeding in the neck in the first stage in the ENT oncology hospital, pointing out its advantages. The experience is based on the application of the proposed method in 20 men with laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer with regional metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck. The proposed procedure for self-care after a neck injury is to turn and tilt the head toward the wound and open the mouth to clamp and slow or stop the bleeding; if you need to increase the pressure on the wound in this position of the head, it is recommended to insert a tampon with hemostatic material. The proposed successful experience of stopping bleeding from the main vessels of the neck in the oncology department can be used for neck injuries in combat conditions in the first stage of medical care.

Вишкіл офіцерів запасу у Львівському медичному інституті (1944–1991)

Ukraine has been at war with Russia since 2014. Right now, in 2022 an estimated 100,000 Russian troops have been deployed near Ukraine. It is important that even medical units have been sent to the Ukrainian border. In these conditions military training of the students of higher medical educational institutions is clearly actual. After all, the specific of this profession is that future doctors must be able to perform their work in combat conditions, and in unstable times of emergencies and so on. During the Soviet period, despite frequent reforms and changes in the military education system, military training of medical students was taken as seriously as possible. That is why the aim of the study is to investigate the process of how reserve officers were trained at the military department of the Lviv State Medical Institute throughout the Soviet period. The study focuses on the process of theoretical and practical training of medical students. The military department of the Medical Institute worked continuously throughout the Soviet period (1944–1991). From 1944−1945 academic year students of the medical and pharmaceutical faculties, regardless of gender, studied here for 5 and 4 years respectively. Besides some general military courses: general military training, tactic and fire training, students took more specific disciplines: sanitary protection, pathology and therapy, organization and tactics of the sanitary service, military field surgery, organization of the stages of medical evacuation, organization of the medical points. From the mid-1960s, students of the medical, pediatric, dental, and pharmaceutical faculties studied at the military department. The training of male students of medical and pediatric faculties was stricter and stronger as they were preparing for the camp training, while students of the dental and pharmaceutical faculties, as well as female students of the medical and pediatric faculties did not pass camps. Military department had such cycles of training: organization and tactics of the medical service, weapons of mass destruction, medical supplies, and the course of Civil Defense. It is important to note, that according to the results of inspections in 1970–1980, military department of the Lviv Medical Institute was the flagship of the training of medical officers among the universities of Carpathian Military District and one of the best in the Ukrainian SSR.

Indicators of rheoencephalography in recurrent acutraumatic lesions in real combat conditions

Topicality: Recurrent acute trauma is common in patients who have received acutrauma in the combat zone. In such patients it is advisable to diagnose cerebral hemodynamic disorders for timely targeted medical care. Objectives of the study: The purpose of the work is to assess the quantitative and qualitative indicators of rheoencephalography in servicemen who received repeated acute trauma in real combat conditions. Materials and methods: We analysed the rheoencephalography of 52 patients with recurrent acute trauma and 15 healthy normal hearing subjects. Results: In the qualitative assessment of the rheograms of the examined patients, we found signs of cerebral circulatory disorders in both carotid (FM) and vertebrobasilar (OM) systems. In 28,3 % of the surveyed OOS fighters, we observed an increase in the tone of cerebral vessels with symptoms of angiospasm. Difficulty with venous outflow occurred in 72,1 % of cases in the carotid system and in 87,6 % - in the vertebrobasilar. Among the studied patients, we also often recorded a decrease in cerebral vascular tone (25,7 %) and cases of atonic curve (24,1 %). There was a significant proportion of patients with unstable vascular tone with a tendency to increase it 47,4 % or decrease 27,7 % in both cerebral circulatory systems. With regard to pulse blood supply, in patients with acutrauma were recorded (58,2 %) cases of its reduction in the carotid system and (89,7 %) in the vertebrobasilar basin. In the vertebrobasilar system, the asymmetry of REG curves (12,1 %) was also observed in real combat conditions. Analysis of quantitative indicators of REG in the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems in the subjects compared with the control group (K) revealed the following. In the examined patients there were changes in cerebral vascular tone and difficulty in venous outflow, as well as a decrease in pulse blood supply, as evidenced by significant changes in α, dichroic (DKI), diastolic (DSI) and rheographic (RI) indices of the REG curve. Thus, in the vertebrobasilar system, the value of Pi, which characterizes the pulse blood supply, was 0,57±0,04 (P<0,01) (at a rate of 1,19±0,03), and DKI was 59,63±1,18% (P<0,01) (at a rate of 51,2±1,4%). Thus, in patients with recurrent acute trauma there are severe disorders of cerebral circulation, especially in the vertebrobasilar basin. Conclusions: 1. According to rheoencephalography, fighters who received repeated acute trauma in the area of environmental protection have severe cerebrovascular disorders, with venous outflow difficulties, decreased pulse blood flow, tendency to decrease and unstable tone of cerebral vessels predominate. 2. Significant (P<0,05) deviations from the norm in the indicators of DKI, DSI and Ri, especially in the vertebrobasilar basin, take place in the examined fighters with repeated acute trauma. This indicates a pronounced violation of cerebral circulation, venous outflow and decreased pulse blood supply during repeated combat acutrauma. 3. In case of repeated combat acutrauma, there are pronounced extraural disorders of the cerebral circulation, which need to be taken into account when providing medical care to such patients.

APPROACHES IN RELATION TO SUPPORT THE DECISION TO PERFORM MEASURES TO RESTORE ARMAMENTS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF THE AIR FORCES OF THE ARMED FORCES FROM UKRAINE

In order to achieve high efficiency in the use of military units and individual units of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conditions of combat operations, it is necessary to constantly maintain weapons and military equipment in readiness for use. To solve this problem, there is a system of logistics support, where one of the main components is the provision of weapons and military equipment, maintaining it in readiness for combat use, restoration (repair). The article discusses approaches to support the decision to implement measures to restore weapons and military equipment in the logistics system of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during operations (combat actions), takes into account the experience of conducting combat operations during an anti- terrorist operation and performing tasks as part of a group of troops in the zone of the operation of the joint forces in the east of Ukraine. The main factors impacting the organization of the restoration of military equipment in combat conditions are given. The main provisions of the methods for assessing the condition of damaged weapons and military equipment, opportunities for its restoration, determining the composition of repair and restoration units and assessing the effectiveness of the system of restoration of weapons and military equipment in general. Ways to improve the equipment of repair and restoration units of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the main issues to be covered in the development of guidelines for the organization and implementation of the restoration of weapons and military equipment in combat. The process of support of decision is offered on implementation of measures in relation to proceeding in an armament and military equipment in the system of logistics providing of Aircrafts of Military Powers of Ukraine to divide into three mutually constrained stages: analysis of process of proceeding in an armament and military equipment, development of methodologies and development of recommendations (suggestions). It is suggested to work out Guidance from proceeding in an armament and military equipment of Aircrafts of Military Powers of Ukraine for establishing the general requirements to planning, order of organization and realization of repair-restoration works on an armament and military equipment in a special period (during the conduct of combat actions).

Comparative Analysis of Fixed-Wing, Rotary-Wing and Hybrid Mini Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) from the Applications Perspective

Mini Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) present distinct design challenges due to their man-portable, field-deployable profile. The implications of various unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design configurations for Mini UAS applications are discussed in this study. Fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and hybrid Mini UAS design configurations are analysed and compared based on performance parameters specified by various manufacturers to assess appropriateness for military and civil applications. Mini UAS designed for military applications can meet most requirements in the civil domain. However, the reverse is seldom feasible because of several restrictions imposed by combat conditions. Fixed-wing Mini UAS have significant limitations for military applications, primarily because of launch and recovery considerations. For civil applications, the fixed-wing configuration provides multiple advantages. The benefit of the rotary-wing configuration's compact size to overcome various battlespace restrictions for military applications does not translate to other performance parameters, and this is a serious limitation for its applications. The hybrid profile has significant design advantages that can be leveraged for both military and civil applications. The interrelation between design, end-use requirements and terrain restrictions presented in the paper provides an insight into the implications of the design configurations of Mini UAS for various applications.

ArtiFacts: LTC Buckenmaier III's Anesthesia Technique in Combat Conditions.

ArtiFacts: LTC Buckenmaier III's Anesthesia Technique in Combat Conditions.

Static calculation of the bearing capacity of a two-pole membrane-rod system taking into account the air-bearing effect using the numerical Euler-Cauchy procedure

Objective. The purpose of this study is to create a light, sufficiently rigid bearing coating, which can be strengthened by the air-supporting effect during overloads during force majeure. These structures can be erected in a very short time, both in combat conditions and during natural disasters. Method. The study was carried out in the software package "Program for calculating membrane-pneumatic structures by the step method using the numerical Euler-Cauchy procedure" according to the method of static calculation of membrane-pneumatic systems, taking into account non-linear factors. Result. A method for calculating air-supported double-belt membrane-rod systems for covering large spans by the iterative method of parameter increments using FEM and the Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure of the third order of accuracy has been developed. Conclusion. In design practice, the effect of strengthening the coating due to the air-supporting effect can approximately be taken equal to three. The use of the air-supported effect makes it possible to save significant funds, sometimes reaching up to 25% of the estimated cost of the structure due to the use of structural elements of a smaller section.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL RESILIENCE AS AN ADAPTIVE MECHANISM IN SERVICEMEN

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical approaches and psychological aspects of the study of mental resilience, as one of the factors that helps maintain and restore mental health of the individual and to explore mental resilience as an adaptive mechanism to respond to adverse factors of combat conditions for servicemen. In modern scientific research, resilience distinguishes two main approaches to its understanding: 1) resilience as an individual characteristic (ego-resiliency), a personality trait that protects against the ills of life and is manifested through such qualities as flexibility, agility, ingenuity and strength of character, and also the ability to adapt to functioning in different external conditions; 2) resilience as a dynamic process in which positive adaptation occurs in conditions of trouble. In this sense, resilience is conceptualized as a continuous, active process of emergence or development of new forces and resources of adaptation and recovery, which has uneven dynamics in the face of new risks. The question of whether resilience is a trait or a process is still debated, but there is a common understanding that this concept describes the activities of individuals, families and groups to function, adapt and cope successfully despite psychological, social, cultural and / or physical difficulties. Resilience (as a trait and process) is manifested in people during the continuation of their development.

THE PROGRAM OF DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF AIRBORNE ASSAULT FORCES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE TO ACTIVITIES IN BATTLES

The article reveals the main tasks, purpose, content and structure of the program for the development of psychological readiness of servicemen of the Airborne Assault Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to work in combat conditions "Born – to win" (hereinafter the program). The purpose of the program is not only to provide servicemen of Airborne Assault Forces with knowledge of psychological readiness, functioning of the body in extreme conditions and practical skills of self-regulation, but also to optimize the process of psychological readiness of paratroopers in combat. The main objectives of the program are: development of the motivational sphere, psychological readiness of servicemen for service and combat activities; acquaintance with the concepts of "psychological readiness", "psychological stability", "traumatic factors of modern combat", "preservation of mental health"; formation of a positive attitude to oneself, to the chosen profession, understanding and representation of servicemen's own actions on the battlefield, forecasting possible dangerous situations and making timely and correct decisions to overcome them; formation and development of skills and practical skills necessary for first aid, self-regulation and self-control of emotional state. Paratroopers enrich their professional experience, form and develop skills and abilities necessary to perform tasks on the battlefield in conditions of danger, uncertainty and suddenness, realize their own characteristics (know themselves), improve practical skills of first aid, self-regulation and self-control of emotional state. According to the results of the program is an effective tool for developing the psychological readiness of servicemen of the Airborne Assault Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Будівництво дрібних захисних фортифікаційних споруд – залізобетонних бліндажів циліндричної форми заводського виготовлення

Purpose. Design a dugout made in factory conditions for further implementation in the system of ensuring reliable protection of soldiers in combat conditions, taking into account quick installation and ease of use on the front line. Methods. Analysis and synthesis, generalisation, theory of probability, theory of decision-making. Results. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in the construction of fortifications, the construction of a cylindrical dugout made of reinforced concrete is presented, aimed at reducing the time of their deployment, increasing mobility and strength, ease of manufacture, and the possibility of multiple use in various places of hostilities. Scientific novelty. The structure of the dugout is a reinforced concrete pipe (barrel, container, bunker) with a diameter of 2.5÷3.0 m, a length of 4.0÷6.0 m and a wall thickness of 150÷200 mm with transverse walls at its edges that hold armoured doors . In the cavity of the pipe, a metal frame for fastening the shelves for rest is mounted, which can be turned in the pipe and fixed in the appropriate position using spacer screws. In a similar way, round armoured doors are turned and fixed in the transverse walls, around which 6÷8 holes with a diameter of 120-150 mm are provided for ventilation, lighting and observation. The further direction of the research is the formation of calculated combinations of forces for solving problems of dynamics in time, namely group D1 – calculation for emergency load, explosion, impact, failure of elements when calculating for progressive collapse with the help of LIRA-SAPR software. Practical significance. Implementation of the development results into the system of ensuring reliable protection of soldiers in combat conditions will allow to minimise losses among the military due to the use of reinforced concrete structures of cylindrical shape, manufactured in factory conditions.

EMERGENCY PRE-MEDICAL CARE ON THE BATTLEFIELD AS A CRITICAL POINT TO SAVING THE LIFE OF THE WOUNDED

Aim: To reveal the peculiarities of providing emergency pre-medical care to the wounded in combat conditions. Material and methods: Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and educational literature, data from the Internet; study and generalization of the experience of conducting military operations in Ukraine in 2014- 2022, the experience of the armies of the leading countries of the world and NATO in providing emergency pre-medical care to the wounded in combat conditions. Results: It has been found that up to 90 % of all the potentially possible causes of death on the battlefield can be avoided thanks to the timely and high-quality provision of pre-medical care to the wounded. The main peculiarities of providing emergency pre-medical care to the wounded during hostilities in the “red”, “yellow” and “green” zones have been revealed. The algorithm for providing emergency pre-medical care according to NATO standards has been presented. Conclusions: It has been proven that high-quality tactical and medical training of personnel significantly reduces the percentage of combat casualties, increases the combat capability of the unit and the effectiveness of the combat mission.

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЯКІСНОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ КАДРОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ – ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВІДБІР У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ

According to the analysis of recent domestic and foreign publications on the professional suitability of military personnel, the current state of the human resources policy implementation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires improvement, focusing on enhancing the efficiency of fulfilling duties corresponding to the military occupational speciality. Therefore, there is no doubt about the importance of improving approaches to the professional psychophysiological selection of military personnel at the moment. It is due to the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Labor Protection" states that "a person shall be admitted to perform high-risk works and works requiring a professional selection upon a conclusion of a psychophysiological expertise". The conclusion reflects "the person's compliance (non-compliance) with the requirements of specific activities in strenuous and (or) dangerous conditions in terms of professionally important psychophysiological qualities". It should also be mentioned that modern military operations where the personnel perform complex missions with considerable risk in conditions of extreme uncertainty and danger require the military personnel a high intensity of making adequate and prompt decisions characterized by a considerable level of readiness to perform the assigned missions and accompanied by a significant physical and emotional load. Therefore this personnel should undergo a thorough evaluation of professionally important qualities to determine their professional suitability to perform the assigned missions, including in combat conditions. In any high-risk profession, the professional activity is performed due to individuals possessing slightly different psychophysiological and psychological profiles of professionally important qualities. Such service personnel can successfully perform the job of a specific professional activity. Justifying this conclusion is of great importance for the further improvement of professional selection techniques. The authors conducted a study to analyze and justify the hypothesis that there are equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities among individuals with the same level of professional suitability and developed suggestions for improving the professional selection techniques accordingly. The outcome of the study is the justification and development of a new paradigm for the professional selection of military personnel whose work is associated with increased danger. A new element in this paradigm is the statement that there are many equipotential professional profiles providing the basis for the successful professional activity of service personnel with different categories of professional suitability. The authors have formulated and justified the hypothesis that in every profession burdened with hazardous work, there are objectively individuals with the same professional suitability category who have equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities. New technology for developing the criteria of professional suitability of persons whose work is associated with increased danger has been suggested thereby. Using such profiles will allow improving the quality of the professional selection.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА УКРАЇНИ ЩОДО ЗАХИСТУ АЕС ЯК ОБ'ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ У ВІЙСЬКОВИЙ ЧАС

Peculiarities of the legal regime of protection of nuclear power plants as objects of critical infrastructure in emergency situations, state of emergency and while martial law are studied. The actual transformation of nuclear power plants captured by the Russian Federation into a military base contradicts the ideological issue and worldview of security and thus can be defined as nuclear terrorism. Any nuclear installations are not designed for operation in combat conditions, and their damage can lead to serious consequences connected with radiation contamination of the surrounding territories not only at the level of countries, but also at the level of continents. It is stipulated that until now the concept of nuclear terrorism was defined as the illegal handling, manufacture, acquisition, storage and use of nuclear or other radioactive materials by persons who do not have legal rights to the specified actions, with the intention of causing harm to human life and health, property or environment. However, for the first time in world practice, the subject of the crime of seizing, disabling and destroying nuclear facilities is the state. And as it turns out, the international community still lacks effective mechanisms to prevent such actions and punish such entities. Until recently, the IAEA and other international organizations were actually limited to "deep concern" and only the real threat of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia NPP forced them to become somewhat more active, but drastic changes in their activities regarding the safety of the use of peaceful atoms are needed to protect the world from the global nuclear threat. This provoked incredible challenges and led to the need, in addition to the political solution of the mentioned issue, to review the existing Ukrainian and international legislation on ensuring nuclear and radiation safety. Based on the results of the research, the author's specification of the legislative definition of the concepts: "nuclear terrorism," "threat of nuclear terrorism," and "prevention of nuclear terrorism" were formulated. The necessity of introducing demilitarized zones around nuclear-dangerous objects and the development (on Ukraine's initiative) of the international Convention on ensuring the safety of their functioning in conditions of armed conflicts is substantiated in the paper. The research used the following methods: the general dialectical method, the method of scientific knowledge, the method of interpreting legal norms, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of systemic analysis.

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In the conditions of modern highly maneuverable combat operations and the enemy has powerful means of destruction, restoring the combat capability of units in the shortest possible time or maintaining them at a certain level will depend on clear organization and timely implementation of such technical component as timely restoration of weapons in combat. The increase in the transience and scale of modern hostilities puts forward requirements for the technical support system, which, according to the existing capabilities, does not fully meet these requirements, namely, the efficiency of the growing number of tasks. Thus, to increase the efficiency of repair and the recovery process in general, it is proposed to expand the range of repair complexity in repair and restoration units and equip weapons and military equipment with individual repair kits, which allows more complete coverage of equipment failure by 8-10%. The existing automobile equipment of the National Guard of Ukraine currently has a different nomenclature, which complicates its restoration, and in combat conditions, the efficiency of restoration does not meet the required time indicators. The problematic issue is the optimal processing of a large amount of information during the decision-making process on the organization of technical support of the National Guard of Ukraine, without loss of quality. Automation of the process of processing, storage, transmission of information circulating in the technical support system is still not resolved, which in turn reduces the efficiency of its application. In conditions of limited financial revenues, in peacetime and during hostilities, for the needs of technical support of the National Guard of Ukraine, the problem is the optimization of resources for the operation and restoration of armored vehicles of the National Guard of Ukraine.

Ways of ensuring the efficiency of the educational process in combat conditions

Ways of ensuring the efficiency of the educational process in combat conditions

ABOUT THE STRATEGY OF IMPRESSING ENEMY UAVS

The article emphasizes that Ukraine is currently faced with an acute problem of protecting its state system, in connection with which the Armed Forces of Ukraine have to repel attacks, in particular, by enemy aircraft, an essential part of which is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The necessity of training qualified UAV operators, which, together with their acquisition of skills in practical control of the device, should include the tasks of theoretical substantiation of the strategy and tactics of UAV use is indicated. This means that the future operator of drones must be able to formalize the practical task set before him, know rational algorithms for its solution, acquire the skills of quick and optimal solution. A statistical analysis of the types and purpose of enemy drones shot down recently by the Armed Forces of Ukraine was carried out. The specified types of combat operations, as elements of the strategy of impressing or damaging enemy UAVs. Namely, we are considering combat operations aimed at impressing enemy UAVs primarily with our UAVs directly or in combination with the described means of destroying drones. It is noted that in combat conditions there are often tasks of destroying the enemy, in which the effectiveness of the combat operation is determined not by one, but by several indicators at once, some of which should be made larger, others smaller. For example, it is necessary to plan a combat operation in such a way that as a result, a maximum of enemy drones are destroyed with the greatest possible damage to them, and at the same time, so that a minimum of our objects are hit with the least losses. Tasks in which several goals must be achieved at the same time are called multi-objective or multi-criteria tasks. In such problems, the goals are usually incompatible – a decision that maximizes one indicator usually does not minimize the other. The concept of a multi-objective problem is considered and the algorithm of one of the methods of its solution is formulated – the method of successive concessions in combination with the method of expert evaluations. At the same time, each of the methods can be considered as a separate way of solving certain strategic problems. An example of the application of these methods in planning the strategy of impressing enemy UAVs is presented and solved. Since the statistics of military operations are currently being accumulated, it is emphasized that the statistical material should be regularly analyzed in order to train highly qualified UAV operators. The prospect of further research in this direction is a similar analysis that will allow us to determine the dynamics and patterns of changes in military operations, and, ultimately, will allow us to increase the effectiveness of the use of UAVs by our military in combat operations.

The effect of the Russian criminal law regarding military crimes in space

The article analyzes the specifics of the application of special legal norms provided for in Articles 11 and 12 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: on the operation of the criminal law against persons who committed a crime on a military ship or military aircraft of the Russian Federation; on the operation of the criminal law against military personnel of military units of the Russian Federation stationed outside the Russian Federation. It is stated that full criminal jurisdiction extends to: warships or military aircraft of the Russian Federation, regardless of their location; troops in combat conditions, as well as on the territory of military units stationed in peacetime, if there is no bilateral international agreement or if this is directly determined by the relevant international treaty; military personnel during service as part of a special military contingent of international organizations (UN, CSTO, etc.). Limited criminal jurisdiction it is established by a bilateral international agreement. The issues of extradition of military personnel and jurisdiction of criminal responsibility of prisoners of war are considered. Based on the above, the relevant conclusions and proposals for improving the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are formulated.

Освітня діяльність закладів позашкільної освіти в умовах бойових дій

Освітня діяльність закладів позашкільної освіти в умовах бойових дій