Color Groups Research Articles

Five loop minimal MOM scheme field and quark mass anomalous dimensions in QCD

We determine the anomalous dimensions of the gluon, Faddeev–Popov ghost and quark in the minimal momentum subtraction scheme to five loops for a general colour group when quantum chromodynamics is fixed in a linear covariant gauge. The quark mass anomalous dimension is also constructed in the same scheme.

Image Analysis System for Early Detection of Cardiothoracic Surgery Wound Alterations Based on Artificial Intelligence Models

Cardiothoracic surgery patients have the risk of developing surgical site infections which cause hospital readmissions, increase healthcare costs, and may lead to mortality. This work aims to tackle the problem of surgical site infections by predicting the existence of worrying alterations in wound images with a wound image analysis system based on artificial intelligence. The developed system comprises a deep learning segmentation model (MobileNet-Unet), which detects the wound region area and categorizes the wound type (chest, drain, and leg), and a machine learning classification model, which predicts the occurrence of wound alterations (random forest, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors for chest, drain, and leg, respectively). The deep learning model segments the image and assigns the wound type. Then, the machine learning models classify the images from a group of color and textural features extracted from the output region of interest to feed one of the three wound-type classifiers that reach the final binary decision of wound alteration. The segmentation model achieved a mean Intersection over Union of 89.9% and a mean average precision of 90.1%. Separating the final classification into different classifiers was more effective than a single classifier for all the wound types. The leg wound classifier exhibited the best results with an 87.6% recall and 52.6% precision.

Towards highly economical and accurate wastewater sensors by reduced parts of the LED-visible spectrum

Interest is growing in simple, fast and inexpensive systems to analyze urban wastewater quality in real time. In this research project, a methodology is presented for the characterization of COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, and TP of wastewater samples, without the need to alter the samples or use chemical reagents, from a few wavelengths, belonging to the different color groups that compose the visible spectrum in isolation: (380-700 nm): violet (380-427 nm), blue (427-476 nm), cyan (476-497 nm), green (497-570 nm), yellow (570-581 nm), orange (581-618 nm), and red (618-700 nm). In this study, about 650 raw and treated urban wastewater samples from over 43 WWTPs and a total of 36 estimation models based on genetic algorithms have been calculated. Seven models were calculated for each pollutant parameter; one model for each color group of the visible spectrum, except for TN, which includes an additional model combining the wavelengths of the violet and red region of the spectrum. All the calculated models showed high accuracy, with an R2 between 80 and 85 % for COD, BOD5 and TSS, and 66–74 % for TN and TP. The tests carried out have shown the accuracy of the models of the different color groups to be very close to each other. However, it is noted that the models making use of the wavelengths between 497 and 570 nm (green) were the ones that showed the best performance in all the parameters under study. This research work lays the foundations for the development of cheaper, faster, and simpler wastewater monitoring and characterization equipment.

A Review of Cytotoxic Effects of Azo Dyes on Brain-subregion

: Azo dyes, as a major group of the synthetic colorants, are added to food products not only to make them aesthetic but also to preserve their appearance. However, the use of azo dyes in food has been banned worldwide due to side effects on human health. The search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Europe PMC beta, Science Direct, and Springer database considering all articles published up to 9 July 2021. The inclusion criteria were double-blind, randomized, cohort studies, placebo-controlled trials, case reports, non-controlled trials, and case series. Several studies suggest that azo dyes induce oxidative stress, which subsequently increases the concentration of malondialdehyde and reduces superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration in brain tissue. Also, results showed the adverse effects of azo dyes on the brain parts such as the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and cerebrum which, are accompanied by changes in brain function. It can be concluded that azo dyes with an increase in oxidative stress affect the most important parts of the brain and cause brain dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the food additive azo dyes on brain tissues.

Determination of Total Carotene and Vitamin C in Chili Powder (Capsicum annuum L.) Non-destructively Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important source of total carotene and vitamin C. Both substances are widely used in food processing materials, supporting a healthy immune system and medicine. However, destructive testing often obtains information about the substances, which damages the tested material and requires a relatively long analysis. Therefore, this research aims to develop calibration models of total carotene and vitamin C in chili powder for non-destructive testing using near-infrared spectroscopy. The samples consist of four groups of color, i.e., light green, dark green, red tinge, and red, with a total of 84 samples. Seventy percent of the sample was used for calibration, while the rest of the sample was used for validation. Spectra were measured using the NIRFlex N-500 instrument at a wavelength of 1000 nm to 2500 nm and analyzed with the partial least square (PLS) method using three spectral pre-treatments, which are multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), first derivative savitzky-golay, and de-trending. The accuracy and model reliability was determined by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The best calibration models were successfully obtained when the spectrum was processed using the first derivative savitzky-golay pre-treatment with 6 and 5 PLS factors for vitamin C and total carotene, respectively. Both models were accurate and can be potentially used for determining the total carotene and vitamin C in chili powder samples non-destructively.

Two new Stenaelurillus species (Araneae, Salticidae, Aelurillina) from Western Ghats, India

Two new species – Stenaelurillus megamalaisp. nov. (♂♀) from the colorful group and Stenaelurillus neyyarsp. nov. (♂♀) from the black and white group – are described from the southern Western Ghats of India. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, as well as the distribution maps are provided. New distributional data for three other species, Stenaelurillus albus Sebastian, Sankaran, Malamel & Joseph, 2015, S. arambagensis (Biswas & Biswas, 1992) and S. wandae Logunov, 2020 are also provided.

DNA Phenotyping of Remains from Elite Burials of the Khazar Period of Southern Russia

Ancient DNA analyses help to solve the problems related to the genogeographic origin and migration patterns of populations. The Khazar Khaganate is a subject of controversy among researchers. Its complex historical development, lack of a sufficient number of artistic and written sources, the disappearance of representatives of Khazar culture leaves open the question of the appearance of the Khazars. DNA phenotyping of bone remains from elite burials of the Khazar period of Southern Russia was carried out with respect to eye color, hair color, skin color, and AB0 blood groups. Eight out of 10 individuals had brown eyes, dark hair (to varying degrees), and a predominantly dark skin during their lifetime. Individuals from two burials had gray-blue eyes, and one individual had blond hair. The most probable AB0 blood group was identified in eight people, of which five blood group 0 (I) group, four had blood group A (II), and one had blood group B (III). The allele frequency distribution was assessed for ten population-specific autosomal markers and suggested high heterogeneity for the ethnogeographic origin of the Khazars examined. The results are evidence for ethnocultural, genetic, and phenotypic diversity of the Khazar Khaganate.

Wood Colour Variations of Quercus Species in Romania

Wood colour metrics are increasingly being used in wood technology and ecology studies. Researchers usually determine the colours of the wood after treatment or in different habitats. There is very little research dedicated to the problem of colour variations among one specific species harvested in different forests or regions. The main purpose of the current research is to reveal and estimate the colour variability of oak species. For this study, a total of 89 samples were taken from the heartwood of seven oak species (Quercus robur L., Quercus cerris L., Quercus rubra L., Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., and Quercus palustris Muenchh.). The CIELAB system was used for the assessment of the colour differences. To determine the colour groups and variations, K-means clustering was used. The results show that colour variations do exist. According to the cluster analysis, at least five types of oak wood can be distinguished (because in some clusters, very few samples were present) in the investigated forests. The differences are mainly observed in terms of the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Redness is not a feature by which oak wood differs, but the wood can be brighter or more yellow in some of the samples. The density of the Romanian oaks in the sample does not influence the colour coordinates. The only coordinate affected is a*, but with a very small probability.

The Malting Barley Blues

Malting barley is an economically important crop, with strict quality standards. In some sectors of the industry, there is a bias against malting barley with blue aleurone. The rationale behind this bias is not clear. We therefore investigated the relationships between barley color and malting quality using a panel of fall-planted doubled haploid lines from the Oregon State University barley breeding program. The panel was assessed for malting and aleurone color traits using grain from the 2021 harvest and for aleurone color with grain from the 2022 harvest. The white and blue aleurone groups were found to be different for some malting traits across the entire panel of lines, but this was a result of selection history. When a biparental subset of the panel segregating for aleurone color was considered, differences between the color groups were minimal. A genome wide association study showed that the major QTL contributing to aleurone color (on the long arm of chromosome 4H) was independent of the malt quality QTL. It is concluded that there is no basis for a bias against blue aleurone: identifying new malting barley varieties should be based on their malting performance, not their color.

The acceptor-donor pair recombination of beryllium-treated sapphires

Recently, the concept of Fe3+-Ti4+ mixed acceptor states in the energy band gap of sapphire has been proposed as the cause of blue coloration. The blue color in sapphire is faded and turns yellow by beryllium heat treatment. It has been revealed as the color center in Be-treated yellow sapphires. In this work, the mechanism of such phenomena was explained and discussed. The experiment was set by preparing sapphire samples from Songea, Tanzania, into four color groups (purplish blue, light blue, light yellow with dark zone, and light green). One sample from each group, altogether four, has been heat-treated with beryllium. The colors of Be-treated samples show fading of blue coloration and adding the yellow component to the samples. The analyses and spectroscopic testing were conducted on both the untreated and treated samples, in each group which consisted of one natural and one Be-treated sample. The content of color-related trace elements such as Be, Mg, Ti, Fe, and Cr was measured by the LA-ICP-MS. The oxidation state of Fe [III] was confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Each color group showed quite similar UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectra for the natural and the Be-treated ones, regardless of differences in their color and treatment. However, their UV–Vis–NIR polychromatic excitation spectra were different, leading to the possible detection of blue color suppression due to the recombination of Fe3+-Ti4+ mixed-acceptor states by the Fe3+-Be2+ mixed donor states for Be-treated samples. Hence, the acceptor-donor pair recombination has been proposed for the blue color fading in beryllium-treated sapphire samples.

Экспресс-анализ коррозионной стойкости сплавов системы Ni-Cr-Mo (Ni-Cr, Ni-Mo) согласно установленного количества тона в спектральной группе отраженного света

This article proposes a method for evaluating the corrosion resistance of single-phase nickel alloys of the Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr, Ni-Mo systems having a solid solution structure. The initial data for evaluating the corrosion resistance are the data obtained as a result of the analysis of the tone components of the reflected visible light by calculating the wavelength of the reflected light. The proposed method evaluates the amount of tone in the participating color groups, where tone is a hue or mixture of pure colors to which pure gray is added (equal amounts of black and white). The received information is processed using the developed software that performs the analysis of tone components. The method consists in receiving and fixing reflected visible light from a fragment of material. Next, it is evaluated by wavelength, making a histogram of the normalized amount of tone in the participating color groups that are in a certain wavelength range of reflected light. Further, the calculated amount of tone in the color group is related to the set number of pixels of the image of the fragment, determining, respectively, the specific amount of tone in the color group. In the case of several color groups in reflected light, the predominant color group is determined, where the normalized amount of tone is calculated. Next, the normalized amount of tone in the group is related to the total number of pixels in the fragment. A larger tone value determined for the fragment pixels characterizes the best corrosion resistance of the compared alloy samples. Images of fragments for evaluation are offered in digital format.

Association of pre-diagnosis specific color groups of fruit and vegetable intake with ovarian cancer survival: results from the ovarian cancer follow-up study (OOPS).

Background: The colors of fruits and vegetables (FV) reflect the presence of pigmented bioactive compounds. The evidence of pre-diagnosis specific FV color group intake contributing to ovarian cancer (OC) survival is limited and inconsistent. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2015 and 2020 with 700 newly diagnosed OC patients. Pre-diagnosis dietary information was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. We classified FV into five groups based on the color of their edible parts (e.g., green, red/purple, orange/yellow, white, and uncategorized groups). Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of specific color groups of FV before diagnosis with OC survival. Potential multiplicative and additive interactions were assessed. Results: 130 patients died during a median follow-up of 37.57 (interquartile: 24.77-50.20) months. We observed the improved survival with a higher pre-diagnosis intake of total FV (HRtertile 3 vs. tertile 1 = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.40-0.99), total vegetables (HRtertile 3 vs. tertile 1 = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.36-0.90), and red/purple FV (HRtertile 3 vs. tertile 1 = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.33-0.82). In addition, we observed significant dose-response relationships for per standard deviation increment between total vegetable intake (HR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65-0.96) and red/purple group intake (HR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.60-0.99) before diagnosis with OC survival. Additionally, pre-diagnosis green FV intake was borderline associated with better OC survival (HRper standard deviation increment = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.69-1.00). In contrast, we did not observe significant associations between pre-diagnosis intake of total fruits, orange/yellow, white, and uncategorized groups and OC survival. Conclusion: Pre-diagnosis FV intake from various color groups, especially the green and red/purple ones, may improve OC survival. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.

Color as a Trigger: the Effect of Chromatic Characteristics of Touch Buttons on the Motivation

The object of the study is modern smartphone users, the subject is the influence of chromatic characteristics of touch buttons on the motivation. The purpose of the study was to experimentally test the hypothesis that various chromatic characteristics of buttons that a person sees on a touch screen (their brightness, tone, saturation) can act as visual triggers and have a noticeable effect on the motivation to touch them. The experiment involved 48 people with normal color vision (24 men and 24 women) aged 19 to 21 years. The color stimuli of the experiment were developed on the basis of the PCCS color system (Practical Color Coordinate System) and included 52 shades. The analysis evaluated the frequency of occurrence of (1) individual colors; (2) groups of colors; (3) colors of a certain tone; (4) the probability of choosing a certain color out of two. The frequency of occurrence was assessed using procedures and methods of visual statistics. To estimate the probability of choosing a certain shade from two, the method of associative rules was used. The analysis showed that the most motivating are the shades with high saturation of four tones – bright blue and yellow, green and red colors. Women are more motivated by red and red-purple shades, men – by yellow, orange, green and green-blue. At the same time, the strategy of choosing one shade out of two in a pair is more predictable for women than for men. The obtained data have a wide application potential. They can be used in the design of websites, web applications, interactive educational materials, as well as training programs for users with different socio-demographic characteristics.

WEL Offers Leadership Development, Better Health for Women M.D.s

WEL Offers Leadership Development, Better Health for Women M.D.s

Evaluation of color and translucency of colored and pre-colored monolithic zirconia ceramics

Aim:The presentin vitrostudy evaluated the Color and Translucency of Colored and Pre-colored MonolithicZirconia ceramics. Materials and methods:Twenty disks of Monolithic Zirconia with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of1.5 mm were milled from White and Pre-colored Blanks. The disks milled from the White blanks were subjectedto immersion in Coloring liquid. The disks were divided into Group I Colored Zirconia and Group II Pre-coloredZirconia. Twenty Co-Cr disks of diameter of 10◦mm and thickness of 2.5◦mm with a superficial hollow spacer of8◦mm diameter and 0.1◦mm thickness were used in this study to serve as metallic substrates for the Zirconiadisks. Using a Color Spectrophotometer, Color coordinates were observed. Color difference (AE) was measuredover a white backdrop, metal substrate before, and metal substrate after cementation. The Translucency Parameter(TP) was measured over a white and black backdrop. Independent ‘t-test and Mann WhitneyUtest were used toanalyze the Color difference and Translucency Parameter data, respectively. Results:The Mean Color difference between Colored Zirconia and Pre-colored Zirconia against a white backdropand metal substrate before cementation was 12.32 and 10.37, respectively. The Mean Color difference betweenColored Zirconia and Pre-colored Zirconia against a white- backdrop and metal substrate after cementation was2.48 and 3.41, respectively. The mean color difference between Colored and Pre-colored Zirconia against metalsubstrate before and after cementation was 8.37 and 9.13, respectively. Pre-colored Zirconia showed a statisticallysignificantly higher color difference than Colored Zirconia (P◦<◦0.05). The mean Translucency parameter forColored Zirconia and Pre-colored Zirconia was 7.73 and 8.83, respectively. The mean Translucency parameterfor Colored Zirconia and Pre-colored Zirconia over metal substrate was 0.52 and 0.57, respectively. Conclusion:On comparison of Colored and Pre-colored Zirconia from a white background to the metal substratebefore and after cementation, the Colored Zirconia showed lower color difference than the Pre-colored Zirconia,which suggests that Colored Zirconia has better masking ability than Pre-colored Zirconia. However, comparingthese two materials for Translucency, the Pre-colored Zirconia material demonstrated higher translucency than theColored Zirconia material before and after cementation over the metal substrate.

A qualitative study of women of color group psychotherapists: The wellspring of collective healing.

Understanding the psychological health of women of color (WOC) in a racialized and gendered society requires accessing, validating, and processing the lived experiences and emotions that stem from interlocking systems of oppression. Despite the importance of responding to the psychological health needs of this population, the group therapy literature on how to design and facilitate group therapy for women of color remains limited. For this reason, the present research aims to identify group therapy-oriented experiences based on data provided by ten women of color group psychotherapists practicing in the United States. Findings from the consensual qualitative research (Hill, 2012) revealed six domains: (a) group development, (b) personal and professional significance, (c) group facilitation behaviors, (d) perceived healing factors, (e) challenges, and (f) advice. Suggestions for future research and recommendations for women of color groups positioned as a wellspring of empowerment, liberation, and psychological health are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A Case Study on Green Areas Change-Detection in Baghdad Using Artificial Intelligence

As our cities expand and more people migrate into already crowded regions, green areas in cities minimize the effects of pollution and help reduce the urban heat island effect. Adhamiya in Baghdad is one of these urban fabrics that are suffering nowadays from crowded urban fabric with a shortage of green lungs; therefore, in response to these rapid changes and the need to keep an eye on them. This research presented a study based on artificial intelligence, which took advantage of HSV spectrum by restricting it to a group of colors that represent the colors of the green areas, as well as the generation of masks and use of them in the design of the study, as these technologies might provide speedy findings and contribute to the formulation of real-time judgments to examine examples of tissue changes and their influencing elements. Changes in the Green areas of urban fabric were analyzed using artificial intelligence has made considerable progress in exploring and deducing real-time changes and monitoring the environment. The results revealed a drop in the ratio of green areas from 22.45% to 5.46%. This serious indicator necessitates intervention by decision leaders to rectify the situation due to an important correlation between the decline in green areas and the increase in temperature in the region.

IMPACT OF EGG SHELL AND SPOTS COLOUR ON THE QUALITY OF HATCHING EGGS DERIVED FROM THREE LINES OF LOCAL QUAIL

This study was carried out to analyze the impact of lines, egg shell colour and intraction between (Line ⁎ eggshell colours) on egg quality characteristics and hatching parameters assess the correlation between these traits in three local quail eggs (desert, brown and white). A total of 409 eggs were collected from female quails during 16 weeks divided into five groups on the basis of eggshell colour and spot colour for each line. The results revealed that there were significant (P≤0.05) variances among lines for quality characteristics of the whole egg (weight, length, width, Egg volume, Haugh unit), albumen (weight, height, diameter), yolk (weight, height, index, Yolk/albumen) and shell (weight, thickness, egg surface area, unit surface). The desert line resulted in the best quality. The results demonstrated that internal and external egg quality characters were differed significantly among egg shell colour. Whereas, yolk parameters such as: yolk weight, yolk height, Yolk diameter and Yolk percentage revealed no significance differences among these groups. Phenotypic correlation appeared that there were significant correlation coefficients among the internal and external egg quality traits. The incubation characteristics, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of set eggs and Chick hatching weight were significantly differences among eggshell colour groups within lines.

The Composition of Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Influenced the Flower Color Heredity in Asiatic Hybrid Lilies

Flower color, including color hues and spot patterns, is an extremely important trait in Asiatic hybrid lilies. Investigating flower color variation across different cross combinations may help us select breeding parents efficiently. Thus, three hybridizations with different compositions of anthocyanins and carotenoids were performed, and 65, 289 and 125 offspring were obtained, respectively. For the parents and progenies, flower color hues were quantified by the CIELAB system, and the total number of raised spots on tepals was counted. Then, a cluster analysis and a statistical analysis were used to explore the inheritance patterns of flower color. The results showed that an orange flower color with high levels of carotenoids was highly heritable and that the progenies were less segregated, showing orange, orange-red, and yellow flowers. Parents showing red and purple-red flowers with differing levels of carotenoids and anthocyanins produced offspring with extensive segregation, including pink-white, pink, orange-pink, orange-red, yellow, and orange flowers. Meanwhile, different contents of anthocyanins and carotenoids resulted in variable proportions in color groups. Additionally, for F1 generation, the number of raised spots was continuously separated, demonstrating distinct quantitative genetic characteristics. For parents with few or intermediate spots, the hybrid plants showed both prominent negative and positive heterosis. For parents with many spots that covered almost the full tepals, the hybrid seedlings all exhibited raised spots.

Demographic and Psychosocial Characteristics, Air Pollution Exposure, and Housing Mobility of Mexican Immigrant Families.

People of color and lower socioeconomic status groups in the USA, including those of Mexican origin, are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Associations were examined between neighborhood air pollution levels and the psychosocial and demographic characteristics of linguistically isolated Mexican-origin immigrant families. Housing mobility and changes in air pollution levels due to changes in residence were also examined. A sample of 604 linguistically isolated Mexican-origin families in central TX provided data on demographic and psychosocial experiences. Outdoor air pollution concentrations at participants' home addresses were based on high-resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents. Movers were identified as families whose residential addresses changed during the study period; these participants were further grouped and compared based on the change in their residential PM2.5 concentration from before to after their move. Lower PM2.5 concentrations were associated with reports of more ethnic discriminatory experiences, higher socioeconomic status, and higher perceived neighborhood safety. Among the 23% of families who changed residences, PM2.5 concentrations were generally lower at the new family address. Families with mothers reporting a greater sense of neighborhood safety or acculturation levels tended to move from one area low in air pollutants to another, and mothers reporting the lowest levels of neighborhood safety or acculturation tended to move from one area high in air pollutants to another. There are limits to assimilation for Mexican immigrant families. Living in more advantaged neighborhoods is associated with experiencing better air quality, but this advantage may come at the cost of experiencing more ethnic discrimination.