Determination of Total Carotene and Vitamin C in Chili Powder (Capsicum annuum L.) Non-destructively Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important source of total carotene and vitamin C. Both substances are widely used in food processing materials, supporting a healthy immune system and medicine. However, destructive testing often obtains information about the substances, which damages the tested material and requires a relatively long analysis. Therefore, this research aims to develop calibration models of total carotene and vitamin C in chili powder for non-destructive testing using near-infrared spectroscopy. The samples consist of four groups of color, i.e., light green, dark green, red tinge, and red, with a total of 84 samples. Seventy percent of the sample was used for calibration, while the rest of the sample was used for validation. Spectra were measured using the NIRFlex N-500 instrument at a wavelength of 1000 nm to 2500 nm and analyzed with the partial least square (PLS) method using three spectral pre-treatments, which are multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), first derivative savitzky-golay, and de-trending. The accuracy and model reliability was determined by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The best calibration models were successfully obtained when the spectrum was processed using the first derivative savitzky-golay pre-treatment with 6 and 5 PLS factors for vitamin C and total carotene, respectively. Both models were accurate and can be potentially used for determining the total carotene and vitamin C in chili powder samples non-destructively.