Colossal Scale Research Articles

Geography, Infrastructure and Architecture: From the Immaterial Scenes of the Arts to the Physical Space of the American City

The aim of this paper is to propose a design answer to the United States issue of public space through the use of art, using the city of Dallas as an example. A pragmatic way to interpret space is the grid. The first analysis are aimed toward one of the most ancient systems of formulating “urban” conglomerates, the roman grid. In the USA, it is the Continental Congress’s Land Ordinance of 1785 to prescribe the usage of the Continental grid. Ideally the two grids have the same role, the significant difference is their scale. This grid can only be compared to a colossal scale, here space is subordinated to time. This mutation is in line with the urban development processes of the city of Dallas. This is why, the University Crossing Trail Public Improvement Distric, along with the Southern Methodist University of Dallas, have developed a collaboration to promote and regenerate an old trail of the city into an art corridor. Even if not constructed using the Jeffersonian grid, the apparent orderliness of its blocks accentuates the complete supremacy of circulation, while the shapes and turns of the infrastructure collaborate to a new idea of beauty within the landscape of the city. The proposed solution is to intervene with three different urban art projects that have been placed along the main and different types of infrastructures of the city. The intention is to invert the subordination of space that returns protagonist where the urban art projects have been inserted, without ever negating the principal condition of circulation and speed. Because this apparent contradiction requires a specific and cautious sensitivity, it is the responsibility of art and architecture to mediate between audacious locations, functional solutions and the world of visual representation.

A British Military Engineer, the Ganga and the Spectre of Control in Colonial Northern India (1839–1854)

Much has been written about environmental and agrarian history in South Asia. These documented histories provide a fascinating overview of structural changes brought about through infrastructural development and modes of colonial governance. However, specific and advanced forms of intervention were introduced in the nineteenth century, which was defined by the accelerated scale of exploitation of the environment. This article offers an account of the Ganga Canal, constructed in mid-nineteenth century colonial India, under British engineer Proby Cautley, by drawing water from the river Ganga. The paper revisits his motivations and challenges and the scope of his plan to make two arguments. First, it argues that the engineering model of Cautley reflects his deeper entanglement with the ideals of colonial modernity, such as controlling the natural world. Second, the colossal scale of hydrological experimentation through the processes of canal construction, in turn, transformed the imagination of the river into an object.

ViT-SmartAgri: Vision Transformer and Smartphone-Based Plant Disease Detection for Smart Agriculture

Invading pests and diseases always degrade the quality and quantity of plants. Early and accurate identification of plant diseases is critical for plant health and growth. This work proposes a smartphone-based solution using a Vision Transformer (ViT) model for identifying healthy plants and unhealthy plants with diseases. The collected dataset of tomato leaves was used to collectively train Vision Transformer and Inception V3-based deep learning (DL) models to differentiate healthy and diseased plants. These models detected 10 different tomato disease classes from the dataset containing 10,010 images. The performance of the two DL models was compared. This work also presents a smartphone-based application (Android App) using a ViT-based model, which works on the basis of the self-attention mechanism and yielded a better performance (90.99% testing) than Inception V3 in our experimentation. The proposed ViT-SmartAgri is promising and can be implemented on a colossal scale for smart agriculture, thus inspiring future work in this area.

Very Big Art: Follies, the Public and Multispace

AbstractVery Big Art uses a variety of both virtual and real media to create a nexus where architecture, the public realm, urban design, performance, ephemerality and art meet at an often colossal scale – a 21st‐century reworking of the notion of the architectural ‘folly’. Architectural designer and educator Andrew Kovacs describes a brief history of some of the early exponents of arch‐art, and leads us through some recent examples, including the output of his own practice.

Team Collaboration Vs Team Competition: Pandavas Vs Kauravas - A Literature Evidence from Kurukshetra (Mahabharata) War

Purpose: Mahabharata is an epic war described in poetic form, an integral part of Indian mythology. While a full-blown war of such a colossal scale in an ancient time of around 3000 B.C. is intriguing for the civilizations today, the first war involving almost every contemporary major economy of the world whose horrors survived for generations, giving ramifications to date is in itself a “lesson learnt hard way”. The main purpose of this paper is to reflect on the management lessons based on Indian traditions. In this paper, the researchers discuss team collaboration vs. team competition between two cousins of Mahabharta the Pandavas and the Kauravas and to bring literature evidence of why the Kauravas lost the Mahabharata war despite having the best-in-class warriors and a larger army. Objective: The researchers have set the following main objectives and the present study investigates 3 wide-ranging research questions: (1) To recognize team collaboration and team competition characters from the Mahabharata War. (2) To assess the reasons why Kauravas, lose the Mahabharata War. (3) To evaluate which team effectiveness model is best for collaboration & and competition. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data and available shreds of evidence. The hypotheses have been stated for the selected variables and were investigated to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Results: The researchers draw lessons from the epic story and highlight the great war of Mahabharata is no doubt an epic war, described perfectly which gives numerous lessons on every nook and corner. In the complex scenario, when the Kauravas were in crisis, they often tended to rush into decisions without proper reflection and demonstrated an inability to decide based on subtle, intangible, and often very vital elements like emotion, intuition, and spiritual discernment. At the same time, the Pandavas team's effectiveness and setting the stage for great performance are very much needed in teams to work together successfully. In the end, researchers consider these factors, to have an edge in Mahabharata War. Research Limitations/Implications: Further the fact that the battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas was already battled, the decision had been made and concluded before it even began, as revealed by Shri Krishna in his Visvarupa to Arjuna, the reason that Kauravas lost was basically due to an act of deceptive stupidity which can be traced back to one crucial event. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Thus, it can be aforesaid that if we apply the finest practices of the Mahabharata War to the finest practices of Management, we might have renewed associate and can function better in the coming years and make the organization & team glance and perform better in the years to come. Paper Type: The study is based on secondary data and available shreds of evidence.

Colossus at the Crossroads: Reexamining a Hellenistic Cult Statue of Herakles from Kleonai

The small, second-century BCE temple of Herakles at Kleonai has long been a landmark in the southern Corinthia, visited by early travelers in Greece and thoroughly studied and published. Less attention, however, has been paid to the in situ fragmentary colossal cult statue of Herakles, and questions concerning its date, artist, and sculptural “type” remain unresolved. The fragmentary nature, colossal scale, and significant context of the fragment have made these interrelated issues difficult to study using traditional means of documentation. This article presents a novel reexamination of the cult statue in its architectural and archaeological contexts, employing methods drawn from both traditional sculptural study and recent innovations in digital object documentation. In September 2020, the authors undertook a complete restudy of the Kleonai torso, collecting detailed measurements and photographs. This data set was used to create a scaled 3D photogrammetric model that illuminates previously undocumented traces of facture and offers new evidence for the display context of the complete statue. These results resituate this fragmentary sculpture as one of the most notable examples of a Hellenistic sculptural type, the Herakles Epitrapezios, popular across the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean.1

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT AND THE MODERN STATE OF CORRUPTION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC THE LEGISLATION IN THE CORRUPTION FIELD (ACCORDING TO KYRGYZ REPUBLIC MATERIALS)

Corruption is a social phenomenon that prevalence represents a colossal scale and has negative consequences such as economic and political instability. It destructs the normal regulation in healthcare, education, and justice. Corruption is one of the negative manifestations in society and affects both the Kyrgyz Republic and many countries of the world. In order to successfully combat corruption, national legislation, as well as international regulatory legal acts, are improved every year. In this article, the author considers the relevance of the study of corruption, analyzes it in a historical aspect (in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods). Retrospective analysis helps to reveal the current state and the problem's causes. The normative legal acts adopted in the Kyrgyz Republic on combating corruption are given, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption is also mentioned. In conclusion, the author proposes the improvement of legal work in the field of combating corruption.

Современный статус балобана в России и в Казахстане

Современный статус балобана в России и в Казахстане

The Path of Integrated Development between Digital Economy and Real Economy

With the continuous advancement of digital technology, the colossal scale effects and immeasurable digital dividends brought about by the digital economy are undeniable. Simultaneously, the real economy remains the lifeline of our country's economic growth. The integrated development of the digital economy and the real economy is an indispensable direction as our country strides towards a modern industrial system. This integrated development is the essential path to enhance the national comprehensive strength in the current era. Although the prospects are promising, there are still numerous problems and challenges. Therefore, it is imperative that we ground ourselves in reality and contemplate the possibilities of integrated development from multiple dimensions, thus achieving horizontal integration and vertical deep integration between the two.

Socialist Realism in the Language of Ḍād: A Literary Identity for Syria, a Test-Case for World Literature

Socialist Realism in the Language of Ḍād:A Literary Identity for Syria, a Test-Case for World Literature Daniel Behar (bio) As of late, two studies by Yoav Di Capua and Alexa Firat have thrown light on the reception of Socialist Realism in the Arab world with an emphasis on Syrian literature. Both use literary and intellectual history to place Socialist Realist thinking in a varied landscape of Arab meta-literary discourse in the 20th century. Building on their work, this article takes a comparative literary approach by setting the theoretical positions against Arabic literary texts classified as Socialist Realist and providing an overview of the dilemmas arising from reading Socialist Realism as World Literature. By World Literature, I heuristically mean texts that circulate outside their context of origin and that may gain or lose in translation (Damrosch). For this panoramic perspective, I rely on the work of Katerina Clark who has limned the outlines of a Kremlin-centered idea of internationalist World literature. The article is divided in three parts. The overview discusses the emergence of Arab Socialist Realism in the framework of a Second-World universal of literature. It elaborates on the interaction between meta-literary discourse and actual compositional models employed in Socialist Realism's cross-national transit. The first part investigates the first stage of development as manifested in the Syrian literary field. This period of literary history is defined by the Syrian critic Ḥannā ʿAbbūd as "the golden age of [End Page 379] socialist realism" (Firat, "Cultural Battles" 158). In this stage I posit a fruitful tension between the theoretical level where a desire for identity with the Soviet model is expressed and the grounds of writing where an urgency is felt to lend aesthetic dignity to local realities and enhance the professional role of the Syrian creative writer as autonomous. The second part addresses a second iteration of Socialist Realism characterized by a more seasoned ability to duplicate the Soviet model. This ability is explained by changing political circumstances and specific cultural institutions that introduced isomorphic resemblances between Syria and the Soviet state. On the cultural side, it is ascribed to a sharpened global awareness of Leninism, Maoism, and Marxist aesthetics, but also to a gained sense of territorial identity within Syria. Under these conditions, a unique corpus of Euphrates literature emerged that included the first genuine production novel in Arabic: Fāris Zarzūr's Āna lahu an yanṣāʿa (Time for Him to Yield, 1980). I set this novel against rival fictional accounts of the Euphrates Dam construction and suggest why the mutual imbrication of socialism and the Baʿthist state heightened the stakes of the genre. The tracks of Socialist Realism in Syria are partially covered because prominent features associated with its poetics have blended indistinguishably with the discourse of iltizām, a polyvalent literary idea laden with a wide range of meanings. Essentially a transculturation of Jean Paul Sartre's notion of engagement, it is an ethos of writerly commitment to the national liberation cause as envisioned by a group of prominent Arab writers.1 It gained currency in the decolonizing period for blending the ascendant Pan-Arab nationalism with existentialist individualism inspired by Sartre's post-war writings. The most powerful utopian strain in the Arab twentieth century was, as Robyn Creswell has suggested, that of political unification of the Arabs under one rule (75–6). Various Arab polities were engaged in fervent contest to become the standard bearer of Arabism; and the utopian tendencies of Socialist Realism got caught up in the mix of the dominant nationalist utopias. This produced some unintended consequences for both Socialist Realism and triumphalist discourses of Arabness, which persisted all throughout the second half of the twentieth century. The difficulty of tracking the vagaries of iltizām is that while the term continued to circulate well into the 1980s and 1990s, its meanings have [End Page 380] shifted over time. In the 1950s, it boosted cultural authenticity under threat of assimilation into internationalist socialist literature, on the one hand, and pure artistic autonomy on the other. In these beginnings, the colossal scale of literary ideas originating in Moscow appeared daunting and enhanced...

Towards More Efficient Data Valuation in Healthcare Federated Learning using Ensembling.

Federated Learning (FL) wherein multiple institutions collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing data is becoming popular. Participating institutions might not contribute equally - some contribute more data, some better quality data or some more diverse data. To fairly rank the contribution of different institutions, Shapley value (SV) has emerged as the method of choice. Exact SV computation is impossibly expensive, especially when there are hundreds of contributors. Existing SV computation techniques use approximations. However, in healthcare where the number of contributing institutions are likely not of a colossal scale, computing exact SVs is still exorbitantly expensive, but not impossible. For such settings, we propose an efficient SV computation technique called SaFE (Shapley Value for Federated Learning using Ensembling). We empirically show that SaFE computes values that are close to exact SVs, and that it performs better than current SV approximations. This is particularly relevant in medical imaging setting where widespread heterogeneity across institutions is rampant and fast accurate data valuation is required to determine the contribution of each participant in multi-institutional collaborative learning.

Is Adopting Mass Customization a Path to Environmentally Sustainable Fashion?

Problem definition: In high-product-variety businesses like fashion, mass production (MP) systems create environmental waste in the form of overproduction on a colossal scale. Mass customization (MC) has been proposed—without solid evidence—as a solution. In this paper, we analyze whether MC can indeed offer a win-win solution that helps both the bottom line and the environment. We also study the impact of three real policy options: promoting MC, charging a disposal fee for overproduction, and recycling. Academic/practical relevance: There is increasing interest in mass-customizing fashion goods, not only because consumers value customization, but also because MC is perceived to be environmentally friendly. Our paper puts this advocacy for MC to the test. We contribute to the literature, which has been largely silent on the issue, by uncovering when MC offers a win-win and relating such market outcomes to policy ideas. Methodology: We develop an analytical model of an MP firm adopting MC (going hybrid). The firm’s profit-maximizing variety, price, and inventory decisions then form the basis of our understanding the environmental impact of adopting MC and assessing various policy options. Results: Adopting MC can be a win-win, but it can also increase overproduction and hurt the environment. Our policy analyses reveal two kinds of insights. The first kind is about whether a policy expands win-win outcomes—encouraging sustainable adoption of MC. Among the policy ideas we explore, only promoting MC so as to increase consumers’ tolerance for waiting for mass-customized products can do that unambiguously. The second kind of insight is about whether a policy reduces the hybrid firm’s environmental impact. Only a disposal fee and costly recycling programs can do that unambiguously. Managerial implications: For MC adoption to be a win-win, policy makers must (1) work on convincing consumers to wait for bespoke fashion; (2) target MP firms with low cost of variety (high product-mix flexibility) with disposal fees or costly recycling programs; and (3) encourage those with relatively higher cost of variety to develop/acquire technology that would make recycling profitable. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1088 .

Plant Leaves Disease Detection System Using Machine Learning

Plants and crops are one of the major human needs in day to day life. And detection of plant disease is also essential through some automatic disease detection technique. It will reduce a lot of work of monitoring crops in big farms and at early stage disease gets detected through the symptoms on leaves. The earlier disease detection may lead to longer survival of crops and plants. Data sets will be created for identifying diseased and healthy plants. The created datasets of diseased and healthy leaves will be trained to classify both types of images collectively. Overall using machine learning to train the large data sets available publicly gives us a clear way to detect the disease present in plants in a colossal scale.

К проблеме противодействия латентной преступности

The article is devoted to one of the necessary conditions for countering latent crime, predetermined by the colossal scale of latent crime to be countered. Taking into account this circumstance, theauthorsconsider it necessary to conduct a kind of revision of criminal legislation in order to exclude fromit everythingthat could be regulated by the norms of administrative legislation no less effectively than it is currentlythecase.The author's opinion is stated, according to which another solution to the problemcould be the attributionofthesecrimes (mainly of minor gravity) to the number of criminal offenses, if the inclusion of this categoryof offensesincriminal legislation receives the approval of the legislator. In this case, it is impossible to dowithout changingtheexisting categorization of crimes. It is emphasized that with all the peculiarities of the legal regulationofcrimesand offenses in terms of countering their latency, law enforcement officers should conduct anoffensivefightagainst crime and offenses, ensure consistent implementation of the inevitability of legal responsibilityfortheircommission.

Shipbuilding 4.0: modern technologies and perspectives of the concept

Together with the fourth industrial revolution Industry 4.0 in the field of shipbuilding came the concept of Shipbuilding 4.0. Despite its separation from Industry 4.0, the concept also implies the automation of production and implementation of the most advanced technologies. Such technologies include cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, augmented reality and blockchain. Today, all these technologies are heard and familiar to a huge number of people. They continue to be actively developed and implemented in various industries and areas of human life. Heavy industry, namely shipbuilding, was no exception. This article examines the concept of Shipbuilding 4.0 and information technology, it characterizes. Examples of the implementation of the above technologies in the shipbuilding industry are given: at shipyards, in design. Applications in logistics and shipping have also been studied. This work considers such a problem of the Russian shipbuilding industry as poorly developed digitalization. With a high probability, these technologies will soon be actively consolidated in this area and will start everywhere, including at Russian shipyards. The use of innovative developments will improve competitiveness and strengthen positions in the state and market economy. Maritime activity is a very responsible field, where the slightest mistake can lead to bad consequences on a colossal scale. Therefore, the advanced technologies considered in the work have yet to be brought to perfection. However, they already have the potential and direction of development.

Delving into the ‘Stressful’ Work of Scientific Translators in South América

Who are those who form part of the scarce breed called scientific translators? In former times bilingual scientists used to translate texts from within their field, and this was beneficial to their own research. However, as science has grown in size and in power on a colossal scale since the twentieth century, the need for scientific translators has become imperative. Scientific translation is a type of translation that seems to be in increasing demand compared to other types of translation in the world. Parallel to the growth in the demand of scientific translations, there has been a considerable increase in the need for scientific translators particularly in South América. The purpose of this work is to refresh a set of conclusions derived from an itinerant lecture, the first of which was held in 2004 and was purposedly reiterated to disseminate and make known the characteristics of the nature and context of the work of the scientific translator in Spanish-speaking communities, particularly in South América and mainly in Argentina. Although both linguistic and extralinguistic variables must be interwoven to be successfully operative in the work of the scientific translator in such a vast territory, for reasons of space economy, the focus of attention in this work centers on the linguistic assistance that must be provided to the scientific translator in South América. In particular, concepts on genre and register and issues proposed by Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) will be considered as essential tools for the work of the scientific translator.

Dams, moats, and cities: climate and societies in late-Holocene China

Whilst the late-Holocene climate was becoming drier with an increasing number of climatic anomalies, with notably more frequent fluctuations in summer rainfall on an annual or decadal scale, many walled sites or cities emerged and became regional centres that witnessed population agglomeration and technological flowering. To feed their growing populations and their increasing demands on land, water, food, and other resources, these �cities� were drawn closer physically to riverine environments and wetlands. By diversifying and intensifying their subsistence strategies, and constructing infrastructure on a colossal scale, these late-Holocene walled towns or cities also fundamentally transformed their local landscapes. Examining key sites from the Huai river and the Yangtze Delta, this paper will compare the dynamic interactions between society, landscape, and the environment under different socio-economic conditions across different regions of late-Holocene China and investigate how these factors influenced and led to the emergence of complex societies or early states.

Is Adopting Mass Customization a Path to Environmentally Sustainable Fashion?

Problem definition: In high-product-variety businesses like fashion, mass production (MP) systems create environmental waste in the form of overproduction on a colossal scale. Mass customization (MC) has been proposed -- without solid evidence -- as a solution. In this paper, we analyze whether MC can indeed offer a win-win solution that helps both the bottom line and the environment. We also study the impact of three real policy options: promoting MC, charging a disposal fee for overproduction, and recycling. Academic/practical relevance: There is increasing interest in mass-customizing fashion goods, not only because consumers value customization, but also because MC is perceived to be environmentally friendly. Our paper puts this advocacy for MC to test. We contribute to the literature, which has been largely silent on the issue, by uncovering when MC offers a win-win and relating such market outcomes to policy ideas. Methodology: We develop an analytical model of an MP firm adopting MC (going hybrid). The firm’s profit-maximizing variety, price and inventory decisions then form the basis of our understanding the environmental impact of adopting MC and assessing various policy options. Results: Adopting MC can be a win-win, but it can also increase overproduction and hurt the environment. Our policy analyses reveal two kinds of insights. First kind is about whether a policy expands win-win outcomes -- encouraging sustainable adoption of MC. Among the policy ideas we explore, only promoting MC so as to increase consumers' tolerance for waiting for mass-customized products can do that unambiguously. Second kind of insight is about whether a policy reduces the hybrid firm's environmental impact. Only disposal fee and costly recycling programs can do that unambiguously. Managerial implications: For MC adoption to be a win-win, policy makers must (1) work on convincing consumers to wait for bespoke fashion, (2) target MP firms with low cost of variety (high product mix flexibility) with disposal fees or costly recycling programs, and (3) encourage those with relatively higher cost of variety to develop/acquire technology that would make recycling profitable.

Low cost Covid-19 preliminary diagnosis utilizing cough samples and keenly intellective deep learning approaches

Covid19 an ecumenical pandemic perpetuates to take lakhs of lives and consistently taking its shape as major threat. Skeptically and turmoil in divergent perspectives perpetuate to grow. The most prominent contributing factor to all this is the lack of methodologies to test Covid samples at a more immensely colossal scale. Highly scalable, cost efficacious and flexible diagnosis methodology can contribute greatly towards handling this arduous situation in a more controlled manner. Working towards this the major symptom found among the covid patients is cough. With the avail of Deep learning approaches, this cough is processed to understand the distinctions between the conventional and covid cough. One of the major arduousness to address this quandary is the right amplitude of data to build a deep learning model that can authentically take decisions about the cough recordings. We have extracted some of the recordings from the public platforms and performed deep learning predicated analysis. This gave us the prognostication precision of 94% thus authoritatively mandating a better cough dataset to further carry out the research at a more immensely colossal scale. This paper accommodates as a baseline to cerebrate beyond the customary clinical diagnosis and identify the disease at least in the preliminary in fraction of seconds thus requiring the buildup of covid cough data.

A Colossal Cult Statue Group from Dobër, Albania: Visual Narratives of East and West in the Countryside of Butrint

A group of three fragmentary marble statues of colossal scale came to light in 1913 on a low hill known as Dober in the countryside of Butrint, Albania. A fourth statue fragment, a veiled female head dated stylistically to the late fourth or third century BCE, now in Ioannina, Greece, was said to have been found in the same area, but new archival research casts doubt on that assertion. In this study, we reassess the technical and iconographic features of these statues. We argue that the group from Dober, which presumably stood inside a temple there, depicts the enthroned Mother of the Gods joined by two standing companions: Attis or a figure from the Trojan saga, such as Askanios, and a fragmentary and unidentifiable male figure. We propose that the group is a visual representation of the well-known literary links between the coast of Butrint and the land of Troy, and further, that it provides testimony for the privileged position that the region had with Rome during the periods of both the Macedonian Wars and the Augustan colonization. As these statues demonstrate, the area of Butrint was a crucial point of encounter between East and West and of cultural mediation for both Greeks and Romans.