Color Pictures Research Articles

Processing and Optical Properties of Eu-Doped Chloroborate Glass-Ceramic

An europium doped BaO–B2O3–BaCl2 chloroborate glass-ceramic containing a BaCl2 nanocrystalline phase was produced by melt-quenching followed by glass crystallization during annealing. Structural and morphological investigations using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have shown fvBaCl2 nanocrystals of about tens of nm size accompanied by a smaller amount of the BaB2O4 crystalline phase. Photoluminescence spectra have indicated the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ during processing in air or a reducing atmosphere. The spectra analysis showed the presence of Eu3+ ions in the borate glass matrix, while the Eu2+ were incorporated in both the BaCl2 nanocrystals and glass matrix. Thermoluminescence properties were due to the recombination of F(Cl) centers and Eu2+ related hole centers produced by irradiation within the BaCl2 nanocrystals. The color impression of the samples and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency were influenced by the glass processing.

고령자 시각 인지성 향상을 위한 공공사인 배색 평가

Recently, in the spread of the importance of color universal design, it is also growing up the importance of public sign considering the visually handicapped and the aged. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the public sign color based on the aged"s view, and in particular, the recognition of sign color has required an improvement in a subway station and a public space. This study"s purpose is to grasp the characteristics of recognition on public sign color considering the aged. In particular, based on the evaluation of subjects of the aged and the non-aged, this study aims to identify the trend of color differences in the picture color and background color and suggest ways to improve the color of a public sign. The research method was followed. 1) identifies the characteristics of public sign color considering the aged through existing research analysis, 2) conducts color recognition experiments and research on the status of use of public signs for the aged and non-aged people, 3) summarizes the results of the survey to identify the agedly"s highly sensitive colors and suggest ways to improve the public sign color. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the highly recognizable color of the aged and the non-aged were identified, and it was arranged that a sign color plan considering the characteristics of hue, value, and chroma was essential to improve the cognition of the public signs for the aged.

Is disgust in obsessive-compulsive disorder mediated by fear of pathogens?

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to report higher levels of disgust, but not much is known about factors that might underlie this relationship. The present study was motivated by the behavioral immune theory, which suggests that disgust has evolved as a protective reaction to potential presence of disease agents in the immediate environment. We examined the relationships between the intensity of experienced physical disgust, perceived vulnerability to disease, and OCD symptoms. The intensity of experienced disgust was assessed with a recent procedure whereby participants rate how disgusted they feel in response to color versus black-and-white pictures that evoke physical disgust. In addition to this procedure, participants (N = 403) completed measures of perceived vulnerability to disease, OCD symptoms, depression and anxiety. OCD symptoms were positively related to the physical disgust evoked by the pictures, and this relationship was mediated by reported emotional discomfort in contexts that connote a potential for pathogen transmission. Replicating previous findings, color pictures were rated as more disgusting than black-and-white pictures overall, and this effect was especially pronounced among people with higher OCD tendencies. These results suggest that, consistent with behavioral immune theory, disgust in OCD is a basic, concrete emotion that is at least partly mediated by fear of pathogens.

Outstanding Pinkish Brown-Spored Neotropical Boletes: Austroboletus subflavidus and Fistulinella gloeocarpa (Boletaceae, Boletales) from the Dominican Republic

The occurrence of Austroboletus subflavidus and Fistulinella gloeocarpa is documented from the Dominican Republic. The latter species is reported for the first time outside its original locality in Martinique, extending the geographic range for this uncommon pinkish-spored bolete. A detailed morphological description is provided for each species and accompanied by color pictures of fresh basidiomes in habitat and line drawings of the main anatomical features. Both species represent independent lineages within their respective genera based on phylogenetic inference. In addition, A. subflavidus clusters in a sister lineage to the core Austroboletus clade (Austroboletus clade I) here named as Austroboletus clade II. In order to confirm the accuracy of species identification, their identity and relationships were subjected to multilocus phylogenetic analyses of three gene markers (ITS, nrLSU, RPB2) including genetic material already available in public databases. Austroboletus subflavidus is a widely distributed species in North and Central America, whereas F. gloeocarpa is apparently highly localized and seems to appear sparingly in the Dominican Republic, Martinque, and southern Florida. Comparisons with morphologically similar and molecularly inferred allied species are also presented and discussed.

On the Translation Memetics for Archeology Text: A Case Study of the Archaeological Excavations at Royal Cemetery of Haihunhou State in Han Dynasty

Memetics, based on Darwin’s evolutionism, explains the process of cultural evolution from cultural perspective whose core content is the imitation and replication of the form and meaning of memes under the different contexts. Coupled with colorful pictures, The Archaeological Excavations at the Royal Cemetery of Haihunhou State in the Han Dynasty records the most famous archaeological excavations in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China in recent years. This paper studies the dissemination ways in archeology translation in the book and finds out the respective characteristics of genotypic translation and phenotypic translation, so as to examine and explain the translation phenomena from the perspective of translation memetics, aiming to provide a new theoretical direction for the study of archeology text translation.

Elderhood by Louise Aronson: A Big Picture of Aging in America

Elderhood by Louise Aronson: A Big Picture of Aging in America

Monocular vision and calculation of regular three-dimensional target pose based on Otsu and Haar-feature AdaBoost classifier

Using machine vision to identify and sort scattered regular targets is an urgent problem to be solved in automated production lines. This study proposed a three-dimensional (3D) recognition method combining monocular vision and machine learning algorithms. According to the color characteristics of the targets, to convert the original color picture into YCbCr mode and use the 2D Otsu algorithm to perform gray level image segmentation on the Cb channel. Then the Haar-feature training was carried out. The comparison of feature training and Haar method for Hough transform showed that the recognized time of Haar-feature AdaBoost trainer reached 31.00 ms, while its false recognized rate was 3.91%. The strong classifier was formed by weight combination, and the Hough contour transformation algorithm was set to correct the normal vector between plane coordinate and camera coordinate system. The monocular vision system ensured that the field of camera view had not obstructed while the dots were being struck. It was measured and calculated angles between targets and the horizontal plane which coordinate points of the identified plane feature. The testing results were compared with the Otsu and AdaBoost trainer where the prediction and training set have an error of no more than 0.25 mm. Its correct rate can reach 95%. It shows that the Otsu and Haar-feature based on AdaBoost algorithm is feasible within a certain error ranges and meet the engineering requirements for solving the poses of automated regular three-dimensional targets. Keywords: Otsu, Haar-feature, AdaBoost, 3D position, target pose, monocular vision, error analysis DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201305.5013 Citation: Li Y H, Wang H J, Zhou W L, Xue Z H. Monocular vision and calculation of regular three-dimensional target pose based on Otsu and Haar-feature AdaBoost classifier. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 171–180.

Dichromatobolus, a new genus of spirobolidan millipedes from Madagascar (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)

A new genus, Dichromatobolus gen. nov., belonging to the genus-rich mainly southern hemisphere family Pachybolidae of the order Spirobolida, is described based on D. elephantulus gen. et sp. nov., illustrated with color pictures, line drawings, and scanning electron micrographs. The species is recorded from the spiny bush of southwestern Madagascar. Dichromatobolus elephantulus gen. et sp. nov. shows an unusual color pattern, sexual dichromatism with males being red with black legs and females being grey. Males seem to be more surface active, as mainly males were collected with pitfall traps. Females mainly come from the pet trade. The body of this species is short and very wide, being only 8 times longer than wide in the males. Live observations show the species is a very slow mover, digging in loose soil almost as fast as walking on the surface. The posterior gonopods of Dichromatobolus gen. nov. are unusually simple and well-rounded, displaying some similarities to the genera Corallobolus Wesener, 2009 and Granitobolus Wesener, 2009, from which the new genus differs in numerous other characters, e.g., size, anterior gonopods and habitus. Despite several attempts with fresh tissue samples and different primers, molecular barcoding did not work for Dichromatobolus gen. nov. Any relationships to the other 15 genera of Pachybolidae indigenous to Madagascar remain unknown.

Color Design: Stage Research of Rail Car Virtual Simulation Project

For a long time, the display mode of color design is mostly two-dimensional pictures, which is relatively single, and there is still a certain gap between the effect and the reality. Based on the technology of virtual reality, this paper aims to change the traditional way of color perception of picture, through the three-dimensional color display mode of virtual simulation, to realize the real feeling of car body color design, and to facilitate the revision and improvement of color design. Analyze the color proportion and various RGB values in the existing color pictures, design the color of the rail car according to the relevant values, and carry on the virtual simulation display.

Characterization and efficacy of a composite coating containing chitosan and lemongrass essential oil on postharvest quality of guava

This study characterized chemical and physical properties of chitosan (Chi) coatings with or without Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. (CCEO) essential oil (0.6 μL/mL). The effects of Chi-CCEO coating on postharvest quality of guava during storage (15 days, 12 ± 1 °C) were assessed. CCEO improved thermal resistance and surface properties of Chi-coating. Chi-CCEO coating had low water solubility and aw, high thermal resistance, smooth and low-roughness surface. Chi-CCEO coating delayed weight and firmness losses, changes in soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, color and phenolics in guava during storage. Chi-CCEO coating decreased polyphenol-oxidase and pectin-methylesterase activity, while increased peroxidase activity after 5 days. Coated guava had lower fructose content and higher citric and succinic acid content than uncoated guava after 10 days. Coated guava had higher scores for texture, color and overall impression but lower scores for odor. Chi-CCEO coating were effective to maintain guava postharvest quality during a 10 day-cold storage. Industrial relevanceThe addition of CCEO in an active concentration to inhibit fungal spoilage in guavas into Chi-coating positively affected its physico-chemical properties, resulting in a flat, smooth and low roughness composite coating. Chi-CCEO coating delayed undesirable postharvest changes caused by physiological processes in guava, maintaining the fruit quality during cold storage. Chi-CCEO coating should be a feasible technology for guava preservation and decrease synthetic fungicide use in this fruit.

MULTIMAP: Multilingual picture naming test for mapping eloquent areas during awake surgeries

Picture naming tasks are currently the gold standard for identifying and preserving language-related areas during awake brain surgery. With multilingual populations increasing worldwide, patients frequently need to be tested in more than one language. There is still no reliable testing instrument, as the available batteries have been developed for specific languages. Heterogeneity in the selection criteria for stimuli leads to differences, for example, in the size, color, image quality, and even names associated with pictures, making direct cross-linguistic comparisons difficult. Here we present MULTIMAP, a new multilingual picture naming test for mapping eloquent areas during awake brain surgery. Recognizing that the distinction between nouns and verbs is necessary for detailed and precise language mapping, MULTIMAP consists of a database of 218 standardized color pictures representing both objects and actions. These images have been tested for name agreement with speakers of Spanish, Basque, Catalan, Italian, French, English, German, Mandarin Chinese, and Arabic, and have been controlled for relevant linguistic features in cross-language combinations. The MULTIMAP test for objects and verbs represents an alternative to the Oral Denomination 80 (DO 80) monolingual pictorial set currently used in language mapping, providing an open-source, standardized set of up-to-date pictures, where relevant linguistic variables across several languages have been taken into account in picture creation and selection.

Comparative Analysis of Position and Pose Estimation Methods of RGB-D Camera

RGB-D camera can not only collect colour pictures, but also collect the distance between each pixel and the camera, so it can be used as a sensor of visual slam to solve the problem of precise positioning without GPS signal, reduce the calculation of camera pose estimation algorithm, and improve the real-time and accuracy of camera pose algorithm. Based on the vision slam theory of RGB-D camera, three methods of pose estimation based on feature points are implemented, which are the pole constraint method, the PnP method and the ICP method. Based on the experimental results, the polar constraint method, the PnP method and the ICP method are compared and analysed from two aspects of accuracy and real-time, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summed up, which is helpful for the selection of algorithm in the camera positioning process under different conditions to optimize the positioning effect.

Rethinking the historical trajectory of ECE: From the “original sin” in democratization to redemocratization

Abstract This paper treats East-Central Europe as a region and investigates its common historical trajectory in the last decades. After 30 years of systemic change and 15 years of EU membership, it is high time for the re-evaluation and reconceptualization of the Europeanization and Democratization process in ECE. It is the key to understand the false start as the original sin in democratization and the reasons of ECE divergence from mainstream EU developments in order to prepare the redemocratization process. The progress of the Europeanization and Democratization process in ECE has been widely described in official documents, but for a balanced and complete picture it is necessary to present also the De-Europeanization and De-Democratization process from the very beginning. Basically, after the collapse of the bipolar world order in 1989, the Eastern enlargement was an economic and political necessity as a substantial part of the EU deepening and widening policy. The EU needed the extension of its economic space and political system that had also been pre-programmed in the mission statement of the Rome Treaty. At the same time, the new member states (NMS) needed the “Return to Europe” for their reintegration into the Western world. However, the capacity for this extension was actually missing on both sides, and it has remained so during the last 30 years of systemic change or the 15 years of EU membership. Altogether, this controversial process has produced a colorful picture of successes and failures in all NMS that will be analyzed in an ECE context.

Effect of Different Method of Drying of Five Varieties Grapes (Vitis vinifera, L.) on the Bunch Stem on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Quality.

The influence of the drying technique on certain quality attributes of dried grapes was analysed. Five varieties of grape were used in this study (Bezsemenné, Perlette, Vrboska, Beauty seedless, and Jakubské). All the varieties were dried using four methods: drying at 40 °C, combined drying (70, 65, and 60 °C), drying at 70 °C, and lyophilisation. The quality attributes such as total soluble solids, water activity, content of vitamin C, the colour parameters (L*, a*, b*), and microbiological (colony forming units, moulds, yeasts) and sensory (smoothness, gloss, colour, odour, chewability, juiciness, flavour, and overall impression) analysis were determined, depending on the method of drying. Lyophilised grapes from the Jakubské variety had the highest vitamin C content. They contained 0.58 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of dried grapes. However, no significant differences between varieties in vitamin C content were found. This confirmed concerns about the negative impact on the nutritional quality of dried grapes with increasing temperature. The lowest total count of microorganisms (CFU), moulds, and yeasts were determined after using highest drying temperature (70 °C). Higher CFU values were determined in lyophilised grapes, and then followed by grapes dried at 40 °C. Lyophilised grapes and grapes dried at 40 °C achieved the best sensory rating in general. The final product was intended to have a unique appearance while maintaining the evaluated quality parameters.

Eat This! How Fast-Food Marketing Gets You to Buy Junk (and How to Fight Back) by A. Curtis

Curtis, Andrea. Eat This! How Fast-Food Marketing Gets You to Buy Junk (and How to Fight Back). Illustrated by Peggy Collins. Red Deer Press, 2018.
 Andrea Curtis’s first children’s book was What’s for Lunch? What school children Eat around the World, and her latest book Eat This!: How fast Food marketing gets you to buy junk (and how to fight back) is written for the modern family. It talks about product placement, ads on the internet, the all-natural myth of orange juice and more. Even though this book is word-heavy (there is a glossary) there are bright colourful pictures, by Peggy Collins, accompanying almost every page. However, they cannot show the advertising of the actual products they want to talk about. So a box of frosted flakes becomes sugar rings with a tiger mascot, and any clown can represent McDonald's. 
 Intermittently, it has real-world examples of people fighting fast-food marketing around the world. For example, the Game Changer campaign in Australia, which focuses on the ads in cricket for junk food, alcohol, and gambling. At the end of the book, there is a list of things to try to challenge fast food and marketing strategies. Their goal is to get the reader engaged with what they have just read, offering examples such as potlucks that celebrate diversity, or observing your favourite show for product placement.
 There are also multiple facts sprinkled into the book like how part of Philadelphia's soda tax is used for improving parks, or how Peru has banned junk food in schools. Overall the book discusses an important topic that is all too relevant in the age of the internet. Better yet, its goal is getting children to engage with advertising in a critical way. Children will benefit from the book, as it explains how advertisers don’t always have our best interests at heart and can help open a dialogue with adults on the subject.
 Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars
 Reviewer: Kaia MacLeod
 Kaia MacLeod, a member of the James Smith Cree Nation, is an MLIS candidate at the University of Alberta. Her bachelor’s degree was in Film Studies, which she sometimes likes to call a degree in “movie watching,” she enjoys exploring how folklore is represented on film and in online content.

47‐2: Solid State Projection Display Based on Angular Color Projection and MicroLED

A novel projection light engine structure based on Angular Color Projection (ACP) technology and MicroLED is proposed. This system uses three monochrome RGB MicroLED panels or sub panels to display information in spatially separated color zones. Patented projection optics based on ACP is utilized to merge the RGB zones into a full color picture. Preliminary design and evaluation show that compact, high‐resolution, low‐cost and highly efficient micro projectors are achievable by eliminating the transferring of mass amounts of color pixels needed in a conventional MicroLED display. All optical components can be glued together by automation onto the MicroLED face plate. Therefore, a Full Solid State Projection Display without discrete optical components is achievable. This technology enables a projection light engine with similar size of a CMOS camera used in a modern smart phone. It could greatly increase the applications of projection and Near to Eye (NTE) displays in smart phones and AR/VR glasses.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ СО СЛОВОМ «ЧЁРНЫЙ» В РУССКОМ И МАРИЙСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

The color picture of the world, in our opinion, is included in the cultural and conceptual picture of the world. The distribution of a particular color in the culture, household items, costumes, and works of art of a people depended on their customs, traditions, religious beliefs, and aesthetic norms. The linguistic color worldview is realized in the form of color meanings in separate lexemes, phrases, idiomatic expressions and other verbal means.it is organically included in the lexical system of the language worldview. The article discusses the use of features chloronema black in phraseology of Russian and Mari languages. Based on the analysis of the estimated values of phraseological units with the black component, a conclusion is made about the General negative attitude to this color in the axiological picture of the world of speakers of the studied languages.

Relationship between vascular densities of choriocapillaris and the whole choroid using OCTA.

To study the vascular density (VD) of choriocapillaris and the whole choroid using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA). Cross-sectional study enrolling healthy individuals between 18 and 35years old and with an axial length (AL) lower than 26mm, who were examined with swept-source OCTA Triton DRI (Topcon). Color pictures of both VD were obtained from a fovea-centered 6 × 6mm macular exam, which were divided into 900 squares and codified into numbers. A total of 50 patients (100 eyes) with a mean age of 27.29 ± 3.90years and a mean AL of 23.67 ± 0.74mm were analyzed. The highest choroidal VD was found in juxtapapillary macula, being followed by the most temporal macula and fovea. The lowest was found in superior and inferior perifoveal areas. The highest VD in choriocapillaris was in the fovea. VD in this layer was uniform, with a decrease from temporal toward nasal. Both VD differed and but correlated, especially in the fovea and in inferior-temporal macula. VD of choriocapillaris and the whole choroid are not similar. The former is maximal in the fovea, and the latter is maximal in the juxtapapillary macula. In general lines, choroidal VD is higher than that of choriocapillaris. Both VD are directly correlated.

Development of an accurate and direct method for the green food colorants detection

Color impression represents between 60 and 90% of the final acceptance/rejection choice made by consumers. Consequently, color additives are attribute standards for our daily life in any market and any culture. Currently, authorized natural green food colorants comprise several copper-chelated chlorophyll derivatives. Both the raw materials and the manufacturing processes for the acquisition of these green food colorants are numerous and diverse. Hence, each producer applies its own know-how to obtain ‘signature’ green colorant products. Indeed, the chlorophyll profile of these products is partially known and may substantially differ among batches, while their identification just by HPLC-UV–Vis is not complete. Native chlorophylls do not chelate copper. Therefore, we propose a fast and specific method for copper chlorophyll detection, as indicative (except in a few fermented foods) of probable green food colorant addition or “re-greening” with copper salts. The new method is based on the characteristic isotopic pattern of the copper chlorophyll derivatives and does not require the precise characterization of the corresponding chlorophyll structure. This accurate methodology, based on a specific HPLC-ESI/APCI-HRMS method assisted with powerful post-processing software, is versatile as it can be used for other metallo-chlorophyll complexes also applied to improve the green coloration of food products.

Experimental investigation on ignition, combustion and micro-explosion of RP-3, biodiesel and ethanol blended droplets

Based on an infusion set, measuring cylinder and different types of micro needles, a method for measuring the volume of micro-droplet was established. The same volume of aviation fuel (RP-3), biodiesel and ethanol mixed droplets were sent to a heatable experimental device to study the combustion characteristics. Through a movable slide rail with adjustable speed, the mixed droplets suspended on the high-temperature resistant wire were transported to a distance of about 2 mm from the preheating plug for heating. The ingle-lens-reflex (SLR) camera and a high-speed camera were used to capture the ignition characteristics and instantaneous combustion characteristics of mixed droplets during heating, respectively. The burning mixed droplets video captured by the SLR camera was processed into color pictures by Adobe Premiere Pro CC software. Through the processing and analysis of these images, the ignition, combustion and micro-explosion characteristics of mixed droplets during combustion were studied. The equation for calculating the micro-explosion intensity was established, the micro-explosion intensity of binary mixed droplets and ternary mixed droplets was calculated and analyzed.