Color Variants Research Articles

Genetic characterization and population structure of different coat colour variants of Badri cattle

The present study aimed to genetically characterize the Badri cattle and its three colour variants and assess their population structure using 24 microsatellite markers. Out of 96 animals analyzed, 32 each were collected from grey (GVBC), brown (BrVBC) and black (BVBC) colour variants of Badri cattle (BC). The genetic diversity parameters including allele frequencies, observed and effective number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity, PIC, Shannon's indices and F-statistics were estimated using POPGENE software. Bottleneck analysis was performed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total of 274 alleles (50 private and 224 shared) were scored for BC, GVBC, BrVBC and BVBC with mean number of 11.417, 9.083, 9.125 and 9.083 alleles, respectively. All populations exhibited average heterozygosity estimate > 0.5 indicating existence of substantial genetic variability, concurrent with revelations from Shannon's indices. Observed mean PIC estimates (> 0.74) were indicative of optimum informativeness of used microsatellite markers. The mean inbreeding estimates (F) in GVBC, BrVBC and BVBC were 0.041, - 0.024 and 0.016, respectively. The pair wise genetic (> 0.91) pointed towards similarity between different colour variant populations. STRUCTURE analysis also revealed clear admixture for the three Badri colour variants indicating absence of genetic differentiation. The present study revealed first-hand information that populations of Badri cattle with different phenotypes with respect to coat colour are genetically related and can be considered as a single breed. The comprehensive knowledge generated for Badri cattle will help in designing breeding plan for its genetic improvement and deciding the conservation priorities.

Genome analysis of American minks reveals link of mutations in Ras-related protein-38 gene to Moyle brown coat phenotype

Over 35 fur colours have been described in American mink (Neovison vison), only six of which have been previously linked to specific genes. Moyle fur colour belongs to a wide group of brownish colours that are highly similar to each other, which complicates selection and breeding procedures. We performed whole genome sequencing for two American minks with Moyle (m/m) and Violet (a/a m/m /p/p) phenotypes. We identified two frame-shift mutations in the gene encoding Ras-related protein-38 (RAB38), which regulates the trafficking of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to maturing melanosomes. The results highlight the role of RAB38 in the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanin and the genetic mechanism contributing to hair colour variety and intensity. These data are also useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programmes.

Vesp v 5 and glycosylated Vesp v 1 are relevant allergens in Vespa velutina nigrithorax anaphylaxis

Vespavelutina nigrithorax (VVN), commonly known as "the yellow-legged Asian wasp", is one of the 12 colour variants of Vespa velutina (Lepeletier 1836) [1]. Despite being originally from Asia, it has rapidly spread across France, reaching the Basque Country in the north of Spain and Galicia in the northwest of Spain in 2014 [as revised in 2]. The presence of VVN in Great Britain was first confirmed in September 2016 and a mathematical model has predicted an invasion through the Atlantic and northern Mediterranean coasts [3]. Vespa velutina stings can provoke allergic reactions. In fact, Vespa velutina is the most prevalent cause of anaphylaxis in our region at the moment and almost 80% of our patients with anaphylaxis due to Hymenoptera stings are related to VVN [2]. The majority of these patients did not recall previous stings from this insect; however, all reported previous stings by either Vespula spp or Apis mellifera.

Wasteful carotenoid coloration and its effects on territorial behavior in a cichlid fish

The famously diverse body coloration of cichlid fish serves communicative functions in mating and social interactions including competition for resources. Here, we examined the effects of a color pattern trait—the width of a yellow bar on a black body—on territorial competition in males and females of a color variant (“Ikola”) of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid Tropheus. First, measuring integumentary carotenoid concentrations in the yellow and black body regions, we established that wider yellow bars require more carotenoids allocated to body coloration. However, we also detected high carotenoid concentrations in the black body regions (> 100 µg/g fresh skin), raising questions about the function of non-displayed integumentary carotenoids. Behavioral experiments showed that fish with wider bars were quicker to explore an unfamiliar area of the tank. In experiments including presentations of fish dummies, the bar width of ‘territorial’ dummies had no effect on the latency time which test fish took to intrude into the dummies’ territories. However, male test fish performed fewer aggressive acts against wide-barred than against narrow-barred dummy competitors. Our results suggest that intimidation by wide bars as well as correlations between bar width and explorative behavior may contribute to mediating success in territorial Tropheus “Ikola”.

Development of Innovative Photoactive Admixtures for Concrete and Cement-Based Plaster Finishes, to Create Self-Cleaning Surfaces

This article presents research and development on innovative photoactive admixtures for concrete and cement-based plasters for the finishing of concrete surfaces. The goal is to provide the resulting surfaces of these newly developed materials with a self-cleaning ability stemming from photocatalytic reaction during exposure to UV radiation. This research and development is currently underway as part of a project supported by the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade, in the TRIO programme; and in cooperation with BETOSAN s.r.o., the Technical University of Liberec, the Institute of Inorganic chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The first type of material under development is a photocatalytically active admixture in powder form, allowing the preparation of concrete surfaces with photocatalytic properties. The second type of material under development is a photocatalytically active cement-based plaster, intended primarily for application to a concrete substrate. The preparation of two or more final versions is to be expected for both types of materials. In the case of the plaster this includes the preparation of two colour variants, specifically white and grey. For the powdered cement admixture we expect the preparation of various types based on their application. This could mean different types of admixtures mixed throughout the entire volume of the concrete or only in the surface layer of the concrete. We envisage exterior applications on the self-cleaning outer shell of buildings, as well as treatment of the surface layer of various structures such as bridges, noise barriers, traffic barriers and tunnels. The materials created could also be used in interiors under specific conditions, with anticipated uses in the health care and food processing industries.

Morphological, cytological, and pigment analysis of leaf color variants regenerated from long-term subcultured caladium callus

Cultivated caladiums (Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey) are popular ornamental plants. Although somaclonal variation occurs frequently in caladium during tissue culture, little research has been conducted on obtaining and detecting variants from long-term callus cultures. Herein, plants were regenerated from ‘Red Flash’ caladium calluses subcultured for approximately 40 mo, and 116 out of 520 established plants were grouped into 14 somaclonal variation types based on their morphological differences. Nuclear DNA content of six types (SVT1, SVT2, SVT4, SVT5, SVT8, and SVT10) varied from − 1.08% to 0.33% compared with the wild type, and these variants shared a similar chromosome number to the wild caladium (2n = 2x = 30). Three types (SVT3, SVT7, and SVT9) containing 2.82 to 5.42% less nuclear DNA content was the result of losing one or two chromosomes, and one type (SVT6) with significantly lower cellular DNA content was due to losing four chromosomes. Four types (SVT11–SVT14) contained 85.16 to 101.52% more DNA content and the SVT12 and the SVT13 had a double number of chromosomes (2n = 4x = 60), while the SVT11 and SVT14 had four more chromosomes and six less chromosomes as compared with a typical tetraploid, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that leaf thickness, leaf index, and stomatal characteristics could be used as indicators of plant ploidy in caladium. A wide variation of pigment content was found among the variation types, and the content of chlorophyll, flavonoid, and anthocyanin had a significant positive correlation with the color parameters a* and b*. Leaf color variants created by prolonged in vitro callus cultures might hold great promise for caladium breeding.

Color balancing and dehazing algorithm for colored haze removal

Images collected in fog can lose contrast and fidelity due to the scattering and absorption of light by the fog particles. In particular, unlike common white fog, colored fog exhibits varying degrees of light attenuation at different wavelengths, resulting in the simultaneous deviation of contrast and color. We present the failure of the traditional algorithm in the colored haze removal process. In order to eliminate the negative influence of colored fog on images, we introduce a hazy image restoration algorithm based on the modified color balance and variant of the dark-channel dehazing process. Our proposed technique corrects the color deviation, such that the transmission of each color channel is consistent, thus allowing for defogging via the dark-channel principle to improve the image quality. Moreover, we use the L0 gradient minimization algorithm to improve the dark-channel algorithm, thus optimizing the output of underwater image processing. Our proposed method is implemented for the restoration of several hazy underwater images, proving its ability to effectively eliminate the influence of different types of colored fog, overcoming the key limitation of the traditional dehazing approach.

Induction of novel inflorescence traits in Chrysanthemum through 60Co gamma irradiation

Purpose The novelty in flower color or inflorescence form is recognized as a valuable trait in Chrysanthemum – a potential commercial flower crop with significant worth in global cut flower trade. This study was conducted to irradiate white and orange flowered cultivars of Chrysanthemum with an objective to identify and isolate desirable types representing novelty in flower color and inflorescence form from the irradiated populations. The terminal rooted cuttings of Chrysanthemum exposed to γ-irradiation at 10 or 15 Gy doses were found effective for inducing novel flower color variants in cultivars Thiching Queen and Purnima. The mutant progeny evolved with novel inflorescence traits of these cultivars will enrich the existing germplasm of Chrysanthemum for further utilization in breeding programs. Materials and methods Two standard type Chrysanthemum cultivars, Thiching Queen and Purnima were exposed to varied doses of γ-rays (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) using Cobalt 60 (60Co) as irradiation source for treating rooted cuttings. The irradiated mutant population was evaluated for likely variation in various vegetative and flowering characters compared to non-irradiated (control) plants. Results In Chrysanthemum cultivars Thiching Queen, seven and ‘in Purnima’, two flower color variants were isolated from the irradiated populations that were reportedly novel in color and desirable for commercial aspect. The leaf abnormalities were observed in mutant populations exhibiting variation in flower color, shape, and size of leaves. Certain floral abnormalities were also observed in inflorescence that reportedly progressed with increase in dosage of γ-rays irradiation. Conclusions This study developed a gamma ray (60Co) induced mutagenesis protocol with potential application to develop novel and desirable mutants in Chrysanthemum.

Brown and white egg-layer strain differences in fearfulness and stress measures

Different genetic lines of laying hens may show varying levels of fearfulness in response to stressful events or situations. It is important to select appropriate genetic strains when keeping hens in alternative housing systems to minimize health and production issues caused by fear and stress. In this study, data were obtained from two strains of Rhode Island Red (RIR1-2), two strains of White Plymouth Rock (WPR1-2) and three strains of White Leghorn (WL1-3) breeds. One hundred hens from each strain were used to compare strain differences in fear and stress responses. Each hen was scored for fearfulness based on her responses to the following tests: novel object, physical restraint, pencil, human reaction, inversion, and tonic immobility (TI). Stress was assessed based on physical asymmetry (ASYM) of the metatarsal and middle toe, and on corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in blood plasma and egg albumen. Differences between brown (RIR; WPR) and white (WL) egg layers were observed for all measures: WL had more head movements and took more time to right themselves during TI (P < 0.001), but higher flapping intensity was observed in RIR and WPR (P < 0.001). Hens in the WL strains also scored lower than RIR and WPR on the struggle test (P < 0.001), and had lower ASYM scores (P = 0.002) and concentrations of albumen CORT (P = 0.0065) and plasma CORT (P = 0.002), but scored higher during the remaining fear tests (P < 0.001). Differences among WL strains were also observed for all measures: WL2 had the most head movements and took the longest to right during TI (P < 0.001). During inversion, WP2 and RIR2 had the highest flapping intensity (P < 0.001) whereas WL2 and WL3 had the lowest flapping intensity (P < 0.001). There was variation among strains in plasma CORT, albumen CORT, and scores for the struggle test and pencil test. Only the WPR2 strain showed significant differences in ASYM (P < 0.001). Genetic strains of laying hens show clear variation between brown and white shell color varieties regarding fear and stress responses. Brown hens tend to actively avoid perceived threats whereas white hens use passive avoidance. Using several methods to test fear and stress to better understand individual birds’ responses to stressors will help to design breeding strategies to maximize hens’ success in alternative housing systems.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) grains: A good source of phenolic compounds

The ingestion of bioactive compounds has revealed health benefits, namely in the prevention and/or treatment of several diseases. This work aims to characterize the phenolic profile of three colour varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. grains (black, red and white), and also evaluate their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. All varieties revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, namely, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. In this study, quinoa grains did not reveal any anti-proliferative capacity in tumour cell lines, and, as expected, they were devoid of any toxicity. All of the analysed extracts possessed antibacterial and antifungal activities (inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal) against the microbial strains considered, exhibiting promising values of minimum bactericidal concentrations (mean MBC 0.153–0.916 mg/mL) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (mean MFC 0.211–0.884 mg/mL). Quinoa varieties represent a good source of bioactive compounds, interfering beneficially in the organism, specifically as antimicrobial agents. Thus, these extracts could be used in the development of bioactive ingredients.

Uso de imágenes digitales para evaluar la respuesta colorimétrica de plantas de lisianthus, en soluciones nutritivas en sistemas hidropónicos

Lisianthus es una planta ornamental, que en los últimos años adquirió una gran importancia en el mercado nacional e internacional por su belleza y variedad de colores, este cultivo tradicionalmente se establece en suelo y hay poca información en relación con sus hábitos de crecimiento y desarrollo en sistemas hidropónicos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar por medio de imágenes digitales el cambio en el color de las hojas y de las flores en el cultivo de lisianthus en hidroponía con diferentes soluciones nutritivas. Las soluciones nutritivas (SN) ensayadas en el cultivo fueron cuatro, como testigo fue la solución Steiner (SN1) y el resto de los tratamientos fueron soluciones modificadas, en la (SN2) se utilizó el doble de la concentración de la solución Steiner, mientras que la (SN3) fue adicionada con una cantidad elevada de K y la SN4 con una mayor cantidad de calcio (18 mEq L-1), se evaluó altura y número de hojas obteniendo en ambos una diferencia significativa en la SN1 con respecto a la SN4, en cuanto a las características fenotípicas de la hoja y flor mediante los valores de RGB el color de la hoja no se vio afectada por los tratamientos a partir de las modificaciones que se le realizaron a la solución Steiner, la variable R solo presentó diferencia significativa en la SN1 con respecto a la SN4 con mayor cantidad de calcio, sin embargo no ocurrió lo mismo para las demás variables y solo este fenómeno se presentó en el día 61 DDT, en cuanto al efecto de la solución nutritiva sobre el color de las flores, se encontró una diferencia significativa en las variables R en la solución 1 (Steiner) G hubo diferencia en la solución con concentraciones altas de potasio lo mismo ocurrió para las variables artif iciales utilizadas.

Inhibition of FvMYB10 transcriptional activity promotes color loss in strawberry fruit

FvMYB10 protein has been proved to be a transcriptional switch for anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry. A single nucleotide mutation in R2 domain of FvMYB10, named as FvmMYB10, is found to be responsible for the white color in strawberry variety ‘Yellow Wonder’. However, the mechanism of FvmMYB10 suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry is largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcriptional level of FvMYB10 and key enzyme genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in ‘Yellow Wonder’ were lower than that in red color variety ‘Ruegen’, especially at turning to ripening stage. The low expression level of FvmMYB10 may due to his inability to bind to its promoter region and activate its own expression. We found FvMYB10-overexpressing, but not FvmMYB10-overexpressing, promote anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis and strawberry fruit despite of their similar expression levels. In addition, subcellular localization assay indicated that FvMYB10-YFP, but not FvmMYB10-YFP, localized to sub-nucleus foci (speckles) in the nucleus, implying the mutation of FvMYB10 might inhibit its transcription factor activity and eventually interfere with its function. Subsequently, we confirmed that FvMYB10 bind to the promoter region of some specific key enzyme genes, including FvCHS2 and FvDFR1 and activated their expression. While FvmMYB10 failed to binding and transcriptional activating these genes. Our findings provide insights into molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by MYB10 in strawberry fruits.

Systematics of Hyperolius mitchelli Loveridge, 1953 and Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus Schiøtz, 1975 (Anura: Hyperoliidae) and assignment of populations from northern Tanzania

ABSTRACT The taxonomic validity of the East African reed frogs Hyperolius mitchelli Loveridge, 1953 and Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus Schiøtz, 1975 has been questioned in the literature, with the latter having been recognised as a distinct lineage, but also synonymised as a colour variant of H. mitchelli. The recent description of a new closely related congener from Mozambique, Hyperolius stictus (Conradie et al., 2018), along with evidence of genetic differentiation within H. mitchelli has suggested that this widely distributed species might be a species complex. In this study, we reassess the relationships of these closely related species with new field sampling, molecular, morphological and bioacoustics analyses with the aim to assign the correct taxonomic identity to H. cf. mitchelli from northern Tanzania. Our results demonstrate that there are four distinct lineages within this group: H. stictus from Mozambique; H. rubrovermiculatus from southern Kenya; H. mitchelli sensu stricto from central and southern Tanzania and Malawi and H. cf. mitchelli from north-eastern Tanzania. Based on our combined analyses we assign H. cf. mitchelli as a new population of H. rubrovermiculatus with distinct colouration, extending the range of this species from Kenya into northern Tanzania. We also clarify the genetic, morphological and acoustic variation within and between all lineages to further knowledge of this group and provide direction for future study into this fragmented and variable lineage.

Antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics by dyeing with olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting

The study was focused on the usability of olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting in dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics for cleaner production. Valorizing these waste (olive tree leaves) obtained during harvesting and using them in textile treatment processes would ensure a cleaner and more sustainable production. For this aim, olive tree leaves were subjected to an extraction process before their use in dyeing as well as directly use without any previous extraction. Six mordanting agents were also tested. Dyeing was done at two different temperatures (80°C and 100°C), and the liquor ratio was 1:60. First, the treated samples were tested for fastness and color variety. It was observed that sufficient fastness and color variety can be produced by using olive tree leaves with or without mordanting agents. Antibacterial tests were also conducted for samples dyed without mordanting agents. The antibacterial effects of mordants were also tested. The samples were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that mordanting agents provide significant antibacterial efficiency against both tested bacteria and minimum of 90% bacterial reduction was observed. Using olive tree leaves without any mordants also demonstrated antibacterial efficiency and better bacterial reductions were observed for both bacterial species in dyeings at 80°C. The reason of antibacterial efficiency caused by the olive tree leaves were investigated by ICP-MS analysis. Addition to the oleuropein content of the extract, the elements detected by ICP-MS assumed as responsible for the bacterial reduction.

Design and analysis of multilayered hybrid structures with plasma-metals, dielectrics and contact cascaded gratings for freely resonance manipulation and flexibly filtering

A hybrid structure incorporating plasma-metals, dielectrics and contact cascaded subwavelength gratings, with capabilities of creating desired optically resonance and flexibly filtering behaviors for TE and TM polarizations, is proposed. Its novel capability of resonances of multi-polarizations in spectra, i.e., peak-resonance in reflection and valley-resonance in transmission, is discussed along with complementation in spectra for reflected and transmitted lights. Design principles of it are provided as well as unexpected optically resonance and freely filtering properties. Moreover, a device with functions of both blue-peak-resonance for TE lights and red-peak-resonance for TM lights is designed by it to uncover potentials of flexibly control of resonance for both polarizations. Its novel properties in resonance and filtering are discovered especially influences of its parameters on spectral resonances and color variations for two polarizations. Capabilities owned by the structure of freely manipulation of peak, valley and bandwidth of spectra for both polarizations make it feasible to create artificially structural colors with high quality, unusually dynamic effect and abundantly color variety. The structure together with its related properties has better values of practically application in fields of adornment, security, display, sensing, imaging and encoding, etc.

Expansion of the geographic range of the eucalypt pest Paropsisterna cloelia (Stål) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) through synonymy and invasion

AbstractThe accidental introduction of the eucalypt‐feeding paropsine beetle Paropsisterna cloelia (Paropsisterna variicollis) into New Zealand (NZ) in 2016 prompted investigation of the species complex to which the invasive species belongs. Two mitochondrial gene regions, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and Cytochrome b, were sequenced from field‐collected specimens superficially resembling P. cloelia collected in Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia (WA) and NZ. Four distinct Paropsisterna species groups were found, and representatives from each clade were identified with named species using morphology. P. cloelia was confirmed via sequencing and morphology to occur in all sampled geographic regions. The WA and NZ populations showed no diversity at the gene regions studied and hence represent invasive populations. The invasive WA haplotype was shared with both Tasmania and Victoria, whereas the NZ haplotype was unique, but most similar to one shared between WA, Tasmania and Victoria. The melanistic colour variant of P. cloelia was only found in eastern mainland Australian populations and was absent from Tasmania and invasive populations. Implications for pest management, including biological control, are discussed.

Petrological and Geochemical Properties of Greek Carbonate Stones, Associated with Their Physico-Mechanical and Aesthetic Characteristics

Greece is considered amongst the world’s top marble producers in the global carbonate ornamental stone market. Selected Greek carbonate ornamental stones considered in our study suite are characterized by their distinctive and in some cases unique appearance, having a significant impact on their commercial value. Their wide range of colour varieties and their physico-mechanical properties are closely related to their mineral assemblage, chemical constitution, petrographic properties, structural defects, which in turn depend highly upon their metamorphic/diagenetic grade and in some cases hydrothermal processes that affected them. This study endeavors to feature the petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical properties of the main Greek carbonate ornamental stones from selected localities and their by-product waste material used as aggregates. The documented data aims to serve a better understanding of the dynamic Greek marble industry by relating their mineral and chemical properties with their physico-mechanical and aesthetic characteristics.

Data on First Record of Brown Morph Banded Langur (Presbytis femoralis), Leucistic Dusky Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Malaysia and Review of Morph Diversity in Langur (Colobinae).

Morphism refer to polymorphic species, in which multiple colour variants coexist within a population. Morphism in primates is common and langurs also exhibit certain characteristics of morphism, such as conspicuous natal coats. Banded langurs (Presbytis femoralis) and dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) exhibits the same characteristics of conspicuous natal coats, but these coats are only limited to infants and changed when they reached adulthood. This article reports the first discovery of rare brown morph of two adult male banded langurs and one leucistic adult female dusky leaf monkey in Malaysia. We also conducted a systematic literature search to review the diversity of morphism in leaf monkey globally.

Blue blood, red blood. How does the color of an emotional scene affect visual attention and pupil size?

The function of color in the processing of emotional scenes is not entirely clear. While there are studies showing that color matters in terms of the capture of covert attention by emotional stimuli, the impact of color on fixation patterns, reflecting overt attention, is unresolved. Studies on the role of color in evoking emotional response have also produced mixed results. Here, we aimed to explore how image color and content influence pupillary response and the engagement of overt visual attention. In the first experiment, we examined the pupillary reaction to neutral images (intact and phase scrambled) in three color variants (natural, abnormal, and grayscale). In the second experiment, we investigated the pupillary changes and fixation pattern in response to images of different valence (neutral, positive, and negative), again in three color versions. The results showed that pupillary responses were influenced by both content and the color of the images. The pupillary response to phase-scrambled images did not differ between the color versions. Intact neutral and positive images, but not negative ones, evoked smaller pupil responses if they were presented in abnormal colors rather than natural ones. The initial capture of attention by emotional content depended on the color version, whereas holding of attention was affected solely by the emotional valence. Thus, color changes the physiological response to images, particularly low-arousing ones, and modulates the initial engagement of attention by image content.

Assessment of mycelial growth, characteristics and spore morphological characteristics of different species of Pleurotus

Oyster mushrooms namely Pleurotus species are described as 'food delicacies' because of their characteristic biting texture and flavour. They may have the most color variety of all edible mushrooms: White, Yellow, Purple, Gray, Brown, and Black oyster mushrooms are common and popular. The distinct flavor of oyster mushrooms makes them a delightful accompaniment to seafood and shellfish. The impact of media on different spp. of Pleurotus (oyster mushroom) were assessed in in vitro condition and morphological characters of spores of different species of Pleurotus, where studied an observation for spore size, shape, color and spore print color was observed. Mycelial growth was differed significantly on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) with each other. The significantly maximum mycelial growth 90 mm with White thick mycelial growth with regular margin was recorded simultaneously in four species viz., PL-17-01, PL-17-02, PL-17-03 and PL-17-05, however PL-17-08 gave significantly lowest (52.5mm) growth with white mycelial growth with two concentric rings and irregular margins. Maximum length (4.0mm) and width (1.85mm) was recorded in PL-17-11 and PL-17-02 respectively while PL-17-12 and PL-17-10 gave minimum length (2.25mm) and width (0.97mm). Oval to cylindrical shape basidiospores where observed in all the studied species of Pleurotus spp. and color of basidiospores was hyaline in all the species. White color spore print was observed in PL-17-01, PL-17-03, PL-17-05, PL-17-06, PL-17-07 and PL-17-08 and grayish color was recorded in four species of Pleurotus (PL-17-02, PL-17-04, PL-17-09 and PL-17-11). Light yellow and cream color was observed in PL-17-10 and PL-17-12 respectively.