Color Planning Research Articles

The Context of Color: A Study on the Visual Color of the City—Taking Chengdu as an Example

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, China’s urban color planning has begun to receive attention, but there are still many problems in the use of urban colors. In order to further clarify the color positioning of the city, the color history of the city and the application of contemporary urban color can be investigated, and then the color range with urban characteristics can be summarized through analysis and comparison, so as to scientifically guide the color planning of the future city. Taking Chengdu as an example, this paper examines the origin and context of the use of colors in Chengdu, and at the same time investigates the current status of the use of environmental colors in Chengdu. The two confirm each other and summarize several representative colors in Chengdu. It provides a basis for the application of future urban color, and also provides a certain reference value for future urban color images and other related research.

경상북도 영천시 농촌 중심지 활성화를 위한 경관색채가이드라인 연구

It is intended to present examples of improvement of urban landscape design through the landscape color strategy of Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, a city centered on rural areas. This study would like to propose improvements to the underdeveloped urban facilities and the old street scenery, which are common problems of rural cities. It is hoped that the image brought by the change in color will give vitality to the region, and that the lives of residents will be greatly improved in quality. First of all, prior to the study, a survey and analysis of the color status of Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were preceded. In addition, a opinion survey was conducted on the unique color of Yeongcheon-si, and through it, i tried to understand how the city image was formed. In earnest, the color strategy was formed and the representative colors of the landscape reflecting the regional characteristics of Yeongcheon were extracted. Then, keynote colors and guidelines for color display were presented and regional concepts and processes were constructed. This study also attempted to consider color planning, color management, and subsequent management, including systems for each element. It is expected that urban landscape colors reflecting citizens’ emotions on the basis of the humanities environment will be able to more effectively represent regional characteristics. In particular, color images suitable for spatial characteristics were applied to each region, such as the northern Bohyeon Forest area, the eastern Nakdongjeongmaek area, the central urban area, and the western Palgongjimaek area. While forming such a unique color space, it is expected that a unified image of Yeongcheon-si can be obtained by giving continuity to the basic colors. It is expected that more beautiful urban regeneration will be possible by setting detailed guidelines to create an attractive street by giving Yeongcheon-si a pleasant urban image. Through this study, I hope that the appropriate use of urban landscape colors reflecting regional characteristics will be achieved along with the understanding of humanities and natural environments, not indiscriminate application of urban landscape.

Architectural colour planning strategy and planning implementation evaluation of historical and cultural cities based on different urban zones in Xuzhou (China)

AbstractThis research examined the colour planning of the city of Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province, China to empirically study the colour planning of historical and cultural cities. Based on considerable investigations, we identified Xuzhou's main hue, which spans from yellowish grayish‐white to yellowish‐gray (XZ11 ~ XZ29). Moreover, we formulated special colour planning schemes according to the attributes of different urban zones. To verify a plan's implementation impact, we used the analytical hierarchy process to construct an evaluation index system for the execution of urban colour planning. The system includes five secondary and 14 tertiary indicators. We employed the Delphi method to evaluate the established index system and to ascertain the weight of each index. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was also used. We assessed the implementation of Xuzhou's main colours in six zones. The results suggest that the impact of colour planning is quite different in various urban zones, and that the colour planning influence of historical blocks is better than that of other urban zones. However, the coordination between colour planning in some areas is not adequate. Based on the above analysis, we evaluate specific problems in the implementation effect of Xuzhou's urban colour planning, as reflected in the secondary evaluation index results, and discuss measures of urban colour harmony planning and design in Xuzhou. We propose a comprehensive planning strategy that can be combined with different scales of urban colour landscapes in the future, which could provide a new optimization direction for Xuzhou's urban colour planning.

Color preference and contributing factors of urban architecture based on the selection of color samples—Case study: Shanghai

AbstractThe research on citizens' color preference is an important prerequisite for the scientific formulation of urban color planning. Color preferences are normally identified over the Internet or through questionnaire surveys and adjective descriptions. But the analysis has its limitations due to the uncertainty of color descriptions. Based on the quantitative analysis of the three attributes of hue, blackness, and chromaticness, this article obtains the inherent law of color preference of citizens, and compares it with the results of color adjective preference done by our research group before, which can supplement the accuracy of adjective description, so as to provide a reference for the color positioning of urban color planning. This article obtains the three attributes of color samples chosen by the public in the form of questionnaires as well as color sample selections. Among which 36 representative sites in Shanghai were selected according to the six types of land use. Adopting a more detailed method of dividing nine color series, viz. yellow (Y), red‐yellow (YR), red (R), red‐blue (RB), blue (B), blue‐green (BG), green (G), green‐yellow (GY), and the neutrals (WS). Moreover, chi‐square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the color preference factors and explore the relationship between citizen attributes and the three attributes of color sample selection. Research findings are as follows: (a) The citizens' favorite colors of urban architecture center round red, high whiteness, and mid‐low chromaticness. (b) The main factors that influence citizens' hue preference include gender, age, and monthly income; the main factors that influence citizens' blackness preference include: questionnaire distribution points, the frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether to go abroad; gender and age are the main factors that affect citizens' chromaticness preference. (c) Compared with the previous studies on adjective selection among citizens, it is found that the effect of gender, age, monthly income, and educational background on color preference is similar; differences are in the occupational types, frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether travels abroad.

Development of a City-Scale Approach for Façade Color Measurement with Building Functional Classification Using Deep Learning and Street View Images

Precise measuring of urban façade color is necessary for urban color planning. The existing manual methods of measuring building façade color are limited by time and labor costs and hardly carried out on a city scale. These methods also make it challenging to identify the role of the building function in controlling and guiding urban color planning. This paper explores a city-scale approach to façade color measurement with building functional classification using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques and street view images. Firstly, we used semantic segmentation to extract building façades and conducted the color calibration of the photos for pre-processing the collected street view images. Then, we proposed a color chart-based façade color measurement method and a multi-label deep learning-based building classification method. Next, the field survey data were used as the ground truth to verify the accuracy of the façade color measurement and building function classification. Finally, we applied our approach to generate façade color distribution maps with the building classification for three metropolises in China, and the results proved the transferability and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed approach can provide city managers with an overall perception of urban façade color and building function across city-scale areas in a cost-efficient way, contributing to data-driven decision making for urban analytics and planning.

Colour Planning in Town, a non profit colour project

Colour is much more than decoration. This medium definitely influences human beings –consciously and unconsciously.
 The IACC Chapter Europe, was invited in 2017 to create a new colour pallet for a City in Sothern Italy, maintaining the character and identity of the town.
 Eleven buildings of the centre were selected to be worked on. The collected 53 old colour samples were the base for the very careful analysis and the strong reduction to 21 nuances of the new pallet.
 Finally various colour collages were produced to show the community and the public of the city the change of impression - using just colour.
 Colour is definitely an absolute necessity for a balanced environment, indoors as well as outdoors.
 A medical statement says that more than 75% of all illnesses derive from stress: In this connection the stress diminishing property of colour is THE MOST EFFECTIVE one to take care of.
 
 El color es mucho más que decoración. Este medio influye definitivamente en los seres humanos -consciente e inconscientemente.
 El capítulo europeo de la IACC, fue invitado en 2017 a crear una nueva paleta de colores para una ciudad del sur de Italia, manteniendo el carácter y la identidad de la ciudad.
 Se seleccionaron once edificios del centro para trabajar en ellos. Las 53 muestras de color antiguas recogidas fueron la base para el análisis muy cuidadoso y la fuerte reducción a 21 matices de la nueva paleta.
 Por último, se elaboraron varios collages de colores para mostrar a la comunidad y al público de la ciudad el cambio de impresión, utilizando sólo el color.
 El color es definitivamente una necesidad absoluta para un entorno equilibrado, tanto en el interior como en el exterior.
 Una declaración médica dice que más del 75% de las enfermedades se derivan del estrés: En este sentido, la propiedad del color de reducir el estrés es la más eficaz.

Colour Planning in Town, a non profit colour project

Colour is much more than decoration. This medium definitely influences human beings –consciously and unconsciously.
 The IACC Chapter Europe, was invited in 2017 to create a new colour pallet for a City in Sothern Italy, maintaining the character and identity of the town.
 Eleven buildings of the centre were selected to be worked on. The collected 53 old colour samples were the base for the very careful analysis and the strong reduction to 21 nuances of the new pallet.
 Finally various colour collages were produced to show the community and the public of the city the change of impression - using just colour.
 Colour is definitely an absolute necessity for a balanced environment, indoors as well as outdoors.
 A medical statement says that more than 75% of all illnesses derive from stress: In this connection the stress diminishing property of colour is THE MOST EFFECTIVE one to take care of.

공공도서관의 실내공간 색채 특성에 관한 연구 - 서울시 공공도서관 현장 측색 조사를 중심으로 -

In order to provide an environment that enhances the psychological support of users, it is required to introduce an appropriate space-specific color environment as a visual medium according to the newly changed functions of each space in public libraries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the color characteristics and status of the interior space of the public library under investigation in Seoul and analyze differences from prior research theory to secure the basic data to need for color planning of public libraries. The color measurement range is a general data reading room representing educational functions, a children reading room, a multimedia room representing information functions, and a cultural classroom representing cultural functions. It was limited to three areas: floors, walls and furniture, with the exception of the ceiling, which had less visual impact. Based on the area ratio of each area, 1 main color, and 1 secondary color, and accent color were set and extracted, and in the case of furniture, colorimetric colors were measured focusing on the bookshelf, desk, chair, and information desk. As a result of the analysis, it can be seen that the overall color composition is monotonous except for the children

키즈 카페의 공간 색채 분석

As the focus on “Gold Kids,” raising one child preciously, and increasing interest in child education, the consumption pattern of the kids industry increased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of spatial color use through color analysis applied to kids cafes, and to suggest problems and improvements. As a research method, we visited the kids cafe and analyzed the spatial color characteristics. The most commonly used colors were Y series, R series, and B series, but it was confirmed that the hues were mixed. As a result, it was found that the current status of the space color use of kids cafes has colors for each kids cafe concept, but there is no reference point for color tone. Therefore, in order to use spatial colors for children, it is necessary to clarify the reference point of hue and make a color plan that reflects the preferred colors of the main users, children.

City-Scale Mapping of Urban Façade Color Using Street-View Imagery

Precise urban façade color is the foundation of urban color planning. Nevertheless, existing research on urban colors usually relies on manual sampling due to technical limitations, which brings challenges for evaluating urban façade color with the co-existence of city-scale and fine-grained resolution. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach for mapping the urban façade color using street-view imagery. The dominant color of the urban façade (DCUF) is adopted as an indicator to describe the urban façade color. A case study in Shenzhen was conducted to measure the urban façade color using Baidu Street View (BSV) panoramas, with city-scale mapping of the urban façade color in both irregular geographical units and regular grids. Shenzhen’s urban façade color has a gray tone with low chroma. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high level of accuracy for the extraction of the urban façade color. In short, this study contributes to the development of urban color planning by efficiently analyzing the urban façade color with higher levels of validity across city-scale areas. Insights into the mapping of the urban façade color from the humanistic perspective could facilitate higher quality urban space planning and design.

사용자 참여디자인을 적용한 서울 신서중학교의 색채계획 연구

사용자 참여디자인을 적용한 서울 신서중학교의 색채계획 연구

중점경관관리구역의 색채관리 방안 - 경관계획 사례를 중심으로

Landscape management is vast in quantity and requires efforts to be invested for a prolonged period of time in quality. As an alternative to that, it is necessary to establish the measures that can facilitate concentration on certain area or proactive response. The colors that correspond to the planar configuration in landscapes represent the means that can be easily applied without constraint of costs and time at the designing stage. Thus, this study was intended to discuss the issues associated with preservation, formation, and management of more effective intensive landscape management zones. First, the establishment of landscape policies and landscape planning in Korea were considered. Second, the color guidelines were examined through landscape design guidelines. Third, the color management plan was presented by comparing and analyzing landscape plans established for each region. The results of study showed that the landscape plans was likely to primarily entail the establishment of color plans applicable to whole land of the country. The intensive landscape management zones, which tend to form the surface of more intensive unit area, can serve a key medium that revitalize concerned landscape area vividly. Therefore, it is expected that institutional maintenance and guidelines, etc., will be established to ensure systemization of the landscape colors conducive to efficient preservation, management, and formation of landscape of national land.

The Color Planning Concept of Sichuan New Rural Residential Architecture Based on The Munsell Color System

This paper analyzes the color problems of local residential buildings by conducting field research on the color of new rural residential buildings in Sichuan, analyzes and refines the traditional architectural color, natural color and folk culture color of new rural residential buildings in Sichuan by using Munsell color system, and summarizes the principles, methods and standards for planning the color system of new rural residential buildings in Sichuan, hoping to find out the real suitable color for new rural residential buildings in Sichuan. We hope to discover the scientific color ideas for the new rural residential buildings in Sichuan and contribute to constructing new rural residential buildings in Sichuan.

고령자 시각 인지성 향상을 위한 공공사인 배색 평가

Recently, in the spread of the importance of color universal design, it is also growing up the importance of public sign considering the visually handicapped and the aged. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the public sign color based on the aged"s view, and in particular, the recognition of sign color has required an improvement in a subway station and a public space. This study"s purpose is to grasp the characteristics of recognition on public sign color considering the aged. In particular, based on the evaluation of subjects of the aged and the non-aged, this study aims to identify the trend of color differences in the picture color and background color and suggest ways to improve the color of a public sign. The research method was followed. 1) identifies the characteristics of public sign color considering the aged through existing research analysis, 2) conducts color recognition experiments and research on the status of use of public signs for the aged and non-aged people, 3) summarizes the results of the survey to identify the agedly"s highly sensitive colors and suggest ways to improve the public sign color. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the highly recognizable color of the aged and the non-aged were identified, and it was arranged that a sign color plan considering the characteristics of hue, value, and chroma was essential to improve the cognition of the public signs for the aged.

증축된 병원 연결통로사인 색채 개선 방향 제안 - 부산 백병원을 중심으로 -

현대 의료기관은 다양한 사용자 계층을 위해 편리한 사인시스템을 적용할 필요성이 있으며 그 중, 병원 내에서 사용자가 원하는 목적지로 올바르게 이동할 수 있게 도와주는 길찾기(wayfinding)는 정보를 전달하는 매개체로서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 국내 대학병원 연결통로사인 실태에 대한 현장조사를 실시하였고, 이를 바탕으로 부산 백병원의 연결통로 색채계획을 제안하고자 한다. 연구의 대상이 되는 증축된 건물 4곳의 연결통로를 중심으로 병원 디자이너에게 자문을 받아 각각 다른 색채를 적용한 연결통로 디자인 샘플을 제작하였다. 본 연구는 부산 백병원의 길찾기(wayfinding) 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 색채 가이드라인의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Research on Urban Architectural Color Planning and Design Based on Historical and Cultural Background

The subject of city image has been the main research direction of urban building planning at home and abroad. With the emergence of the new intelligent era, the problem of urban image planning and design is also found. In fact, the content of urban image is very complex[1]. At present, it includes urban planning, color, landscape design and environmental design. In the process of studying the image of the city, the topic of urban architectural color planning and design based on historical culture is proposed by researchers. At present, it has become the main research goal of the color planning of urban buildings.

Recovering figure‐ground perception in Tehran's color plan

AbstractTehran's color plan was carried out during 1990s with the primary purpose of restoring color consistency particularly to the historic center of the city. In fact, it attempted to bring unity and avoid color pollution to the cityscape. However, it seems to have been neglectful of many other factors, including orientation, legibility, and the mental image of the city. Further analysis shows that it fails to address figure‐ground perception, as a sign of hierarchy and order, on the urban scale. Hence, this article aims to recover figure‐ground perception with respect to Brandi's theory of restoration as well as the constituent elements of the image of the city. The study makes a contribution to the field of urban design/planning, as it offers important insights into a critical aspect of city color plan and cityscape.

Research on Color Space Perceptions and Restorative Effects of Blue Space Based on Color Psychology: Examination of the Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as an Example.

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that blue space can promote the recovery of the human body, as does green space. However, the influence of blue space on the color space has been studied much less. Based on research on color psychology and healthy cities, the current study takes Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as the research object. Logistic regression models and the semantic differential method was used to explore residents’ perceptions of color space and their restorative ratings of blue space. This study describes the characteristics of the people visiting blue space, investigates whether the benefits brought about by blue space are related to the color space, and studies whether the surrounding colors in the blue space have a positive effect in promoting residents’ perceptions of pleasure. Based on residents’ choices of environmental pictures containing various colors, a color tendency map was constructed. The results revealed strong correlations between residents’ perceived pleasure and color space color collocation. Socio-demographic factors were found to affect the frequency of visiting blue space. Reasonable color planning is necessary for human health. Based on the study findings, relevant planning suggestions are proposed as a reference basis for waterfront space color planning.

Research on color planning of campus buildings in Shenyang Jianzhu University

This paper is based on the perspective of regional architectural color planning and selecting campus buildings in cold regions as an example, taking architectural color as the research object, making a multi-viewpoint research on the use of color and its influencing factors. This article conducts actual investigation on the color of exterior facades of buildings in different areas of Shenyang Jianzhu University Campus, systematic evaluation and suggestion on architectural color of Shenyang Jianzhu University on the basis of Munsell color solid system.

종합병원 응급실의 공간별 색채 환경 분석

In modern society, the range of emergency patients is gradually expanding due to the increase of traffic accidents, suicide, aging of elderly patients, the increase of adult diseases, disasters or disasters, and the increase of the number of non-emergency patients who visit emergency rooms during the night or on holidays. For this reason, the general hospital emergency room accommodates more than one patient per second and performs emergency care in an overcrowded state, and as a result, the emergency room should be a place for original healing and recovery, but patients with internal medicine are in a contradictory situation where they feel negative emotions such as fear, fear, boredom, and anger. In addition, the emergency room is a place used by protectors, doctors, and nurses in addition to patients, and is divided into users to provide patient recovery or waiting and resting functions, and is functionally planned as an efficient workplace for medical staff. Color is one means of meeting these needs effectively. The emergency room of the general hospital determines the focus of the color plan by considering the main users and functions of each space, and shows a tendency to use different colors in different spaces.