Color Patches Research Articles

The Mastcam‐Z Radiometric Calibration Targets on NASA's Perseverance Rover: Derived Irradiance Time‐Series, Dust Deposition, and Performance Over the First 350 Sols on Mars

AbstractThe Mastcam‐Z radiometric calibration targets mounted on the NASA's Perseverance rover proved to be effective in the calibration of Mastcam‐Z images to reflectance (I/F) over the first 350 sols on Mars. Mastcam‐Z imaged the calibration targets regularly to perform reflectance calibration on multispectral image sets of targets on the Martian surface. For each calibration target image, mean radiance values were extracted for 41 distinct regions of the targets, including patches of color and grayscale materials. Eight strong permanent magnets, placed under the primary target, attracted magnetic dust and repelled it from central surfaces, allowing the extraction of radiance values from eight regions relatively clean from dust. These radiances were combined with reflectances obtained from laboratory measurements, a one‐term linear fit model was applied, and the slopes of the fits were retrieved as estimates of the solar irradiance and used to convert Mastcam‐Z images from radiance to reflectance. Derived irradiance time series are smoothly varying in line with expectations based on the changing Mars‐Sun distance, being only perturbed by a few significant dust events. The deposition of dust on the calibration targets was largely concentrated on the magnets, ensuring a minimal influence of dust on the calibration process. The fraction of sunlight directly hitting the calibration targets was negatively correlated with the atmospheric optical depth, as expected. Further investigation will aim at explaining the origin of a small offset observed in the fit model employed for calibration, and the causes of a yellowing effect affecting one of the calibration targets materials.

Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard.

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model, because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects, it can also increase the risk of injury. We hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual competition. Some of these infections, in turn, may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic trade-offs. We staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts, Sceloporus occidentalis. We also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because (1) color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents, and (2) contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression, where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's behavior. The results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ticks. Moreover, some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer pushups. Interestingly, lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were greater. The results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of S. occidentalis as a sexual armament, because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent lizards. We revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic behavior. We encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral tests with lizards.

Relationships between the Visual Quality and Color Patterns: Study in Peri-Urban Forests Dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in Autumn in Beijing, China

The spatial pattern of color patches plays a crucial role in affecting the visual quality of peri-urban forests dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in autumn. The impact mechanism has been studied to facilitate algorithm-based automatic visual quality estimation. The color patterns of 120 photographs were calculated after color quantization and automatic color substitution. The scenic beauty of the forest was estimated by 698 respondents. Multiple correlations between visual quality and color pattern metrics were explored with stepwise regression. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also employed to investigate the impact mechanism of color patterns on visual quality. Number of patches (NP), largest patch index (LPI), mean patch area (AREA_MN), patch size standard deviation (AREA_SD), and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI) were the main factors affecting the visual quality of the Cotinus coggygria forest. AREA_MN correlated positively with visual quality, while NP, LPI, AREA_SD, and SHEI correlated negatively. Moreover, AREA_SD had the most significant impact on the visual quality of the landscape, while SHEI, LPI, and AREA_MN had the second-highest impact. The evenness and the size of color patches significantly affected the visual quality of the forest landscapes. Balancing the diversity and evenness of color patches plays a decisive role in creating a forest landscape with high visual quality.

Silk fibroin-based colorimetric microneedle patch for rapid detection of spoilage in packaged salmon samples

Spoiled salmon can cause foodborne diseases and severely affects human health. Herein, we report a pH-responsive colorimetric microneedle (MN) patch fabricated from bromothymol blue (BTB) and silk fibroin meth acryloyl (SilMA) (BTB/SilMA@MN patch) for sensing salmon spoilage. The needle tips of MN could penetrate food cling film and insert into fish to extract tissue fluids directly and transport the extracted fluids to the backing layer for color displaying. The color change of BTB/SilMA@MN patches depended on the pH variation resulting from the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen in salmon during storage. The color of MN patches changed from yellow to yellowish green and to final green, indicating salmon changed from fresh to medium fresh and then to putrefied, respectively. Salmon spoilage can be rapidly determined via naked eye recognition and also analyzed on a smartphone in a nondestructive way, allowing consumers to estimate food quality easily and reliably.

Hue-specific Color Correction for Raw-RGB Images

Some natural scenes show a reduced set of colors. These scenes are often encountered in space imaging, for instance for ocean observation which deals with hues of blue and for Mars exploration which deals with hues of “yellowish-brown”. In this context the interest of performing hue-specific (or scene-specific) color corrections for the reconstruction of these images is tested. The study is performed on the Next Generation Target (Avian Rochester, LLC - 130 color patches) for both the color correction matrix computation and efficiency testing. The results show that such hue-specific corrections are efficient on the hues of interest, and evaluate the impact on subsidiary hues.

Research on cognitive evaluation of forest color based on visual behavior experiments and landscape preference.

Forest colors are important elements for public enjoying the scenery. So increasing attention has been acquired on forest color cognition. However researches on relationship between forest colors and public response are still insufficient, which cannot provide sufficient theoretical basis for the regulation of forest landscape in color. Therefore, We seek to examine the relationship between forest color and visual behavior based on eye tracking technology, and further interpret the visual indicators through the value of scenic beauty. This study researched Jiaozi Mountain in China by selecting 29 sampling points, counting up 116 photographs in 4 seasons by a mountainous region. On this basis, Matlab was performed to quantitatively extract color elements, while ArcGIS and Fragstats were applied to extract the spatial index of color patches. A total of 10 indicators were obtained to explain the color characteristics of each forest image. Through both visual behavior experiment and landscape preference evaluation, the results showed that people tend to have different visual behaviors and preference cognition when observing forest colors of different seasonal types. Based on the study of forest landscape color in all seasons, the subjects tend to judge the image in comparison to other seasonal forest landscape color photos to identify it more easily. For a single-season forest colors, diversified color information and abundant visual attention are important factors influencing the correlation between visual behavior, landscape preference, and forest color characteristics. This study aims to further reveal people's perceptions and psychological preference to forest colors, contribute to the establishment of a more quantitative and scientific scenery evaluation system, and provide a scientific basis for forest color planning and design.

Phenotypic Correlates of Pelvic Spine Coloration in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Implications for Function and Evolution.

Animal color patches may be static or plastic in expression and concealable or continuously visible, yet the evolution and function of these aspects of coloration have seldom been studied together. We investigated such color pattern elements using the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Despite a rich history of study of stickleback nuptial color pattern evolution, disagreement persists regarding selection pressures and function and only limited research has addressed the role of pelvic spine coloration, a potentially important, and substantially concealable, color pattern element. We investigated (i) whether male pelvic spine (along with throat and body) coloration is relatively static or plastic across the reproductive cycle, (ii) when pelvic spines are raised versus concealed across behavioral contexts, and (iii) associations between color patches and behavior in males. We found no significant variation in spine color across reproductive stages whereas body color was more plastic and intensely red during courtship and egg/fry care. Conspicuousness of pelvic spine coloration instead varied behaviorally, through increased erection frequency during social interactions and in response to a model predator. Spine erection frequency was positively associated with behaviors that enhance spine color visibility, i.e. flees and leads to nest. These findings suggest that stickleback use pelvic spines to display an intensely red color patch facultatively, either as a complement to similar body coloration or possibly as a substitute.

Sex-specific effects of inbreeding on body colouration and physiological colour change in the cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus

BackgroundColour expression is highly variable in animals. In fishes, rapid colour change, i.e. physiological colour change, can be observed in multiple contexts, e.g. in camouflage or communication, and is affected by various factors, such as stress. Pelvicachromis taeniatus is a cichlid fish from West Africa with sexual dichromatism and both sexes being brightly coloured and flexible in ornament expression. In the present study, inbred and outbred P. taeniatus were photographed before and after a stress situation to investigate the stress response regarding colour expression in both sexes.ResultsThe chromaticity and the colour patch size (relative coloured area at the abdomen) were determined at both timepoints and the changes were analysed. Additionally, the coefficients of variation within family groups for the chromaticity (CVchromaticity) and colour patch size (CVarea) were calculated. Chromaticity as well as the extent of colouration increased significantly following handling stress. The change in chromaticity was not significantly different between in- and outbred individuals in females and males. Inbred males showed more intense yellow colouration than outbred males. Independent from inbreeding, the CVchromaticity decreased following the handling stress. The change in CVarea of females and males differed between in- and outbred individuals. In females, the decrease was significantly stronger in inbred individuals and in males the decrease was stronger in the outbred group.ConclusionThe results show that short-term stress can increase colouration, potentially advertising individual’s stress tolerance. Furthermore, this study shows positive inbreeding effects on a sexually selected trait.

Accurate 3D models in both geometry and texture: An archaeological application

There are two main ways of building 3D models of archaeological objects. The first way is to use photogrammetry by means of image-based modelling systems. The second way is the use of 3D scanners. Both methods have advantages and problems. In this work, we propose a simple way to merge both methods to preserve the best of each method and obtain 3D models with high accuracy and excellent resolution and texture fidelity. Building on the work of other proposals offering an alternative solution, we demonstrate a model with absolute units, where the colour of the texture is calibrated to assure a very good photo finish. Fidelity results produced by RMS estimation of the deviations of the colour patches offer better results for the photo camera than for the cameras in the scanners used. The final model maintains the metric properties of the scanned model, which was our metric reference.

Graphemic and Semantic Pathways of Number-Color Synesthesia: A Dissociation of Conceptual Synesthesia Mechanisms.

Number–color synesthesia is a condition in which synesthetes perceive numbers with concurrent experience of specific, corresponding colors. It has been proposed that synesthetic association exists primarily between representations of Arabic digit graphemes and colors, and a secondary, semantic connection between numerosity and colors is built via repeated co-activation. However, this distinction between the graphemic and semantic pathways of synesthetic number–color connection has not been empirically tested. The current study aims to dissociate graphemic and semantic aspects of color activations in number–color synesthesia by comparing their time courses. We adopted a synesthetic priming paradigm with varied stimuli onset asynchronies (SOAs). A number (2–6, prime) was presented in one of three notations: digit, dice, or non-canonical dot pattern, and a color patch (target) appeared with an SOA of 0, 100, 300, 400, or 800 ms. Participants reported the color as quickly as possible. Using the congruency effect (i.e., shorter reaction time when target color matched the synesthetic color of number prime) as an index of synesthetic color activation level, we revealed that the effect from the graphemic pathway is quick and relatively persistent, while the effect from the semantic pathway unfolds at a later stage and is more transient. The dissociation between the graphemic and semantic pathways of synesthesia implies further functional distinction within “conceptual synesthesia”, which has been originally discussed as a unitary phenomenon. This distinction has been demonstrated by the differential time courses of synesthetic color activations, and suggested that a presumed, single type of synesthesia could involve multiple mechanisms.

Proximity to metal mining is related to aspects of feather coloration but not fluctuating asymmetry in the Russet‐crowned Motmot (Momotus mexicanus) in south‐central Mexico

Mining is present in all major biomes worldwide and overlaps strongly with areas of importance for bird conservation. Mining causes multiple types of environmental disturbance, including habitat alteration, increased human presence and persistent heavy metal pollution. Feather coloration and fluctuating asymmetry (random deviation from perfect symmetry between the two sides of the body), especially of elaborate or ornamental characters, have been proposed as potentially useful biomarkers of anthropogenic stress in birds. However, there has been virtually no research on their responses to mining disturbance. Here, we use colour and morphometric measurements and collection location data from museum specimens of the Russet‐crowned MotmotMomotus mexicanusto evaluate how their proximity to mining concessions in south‐central Mexico (Morelos, Guerrero and Oaxaca states) relates to: (1) structural and melanin‐based plumage coloration, and (2) size and fluctuating asymmetry of their distinctive racket‐shaped tail. As a resident, philopatric bird that has been observed nesting directly in contaminated mining waste, motmots may be particularly well suited for addressing this question. In birds collected closer to metal mines, the violet under‐eye spot had decreased UV‐blue chroma and the black eye streak was paler, and there was weaker colour contrast between these adjacent conspicuous facial plumage patches. Body, tail and crown colour and tail length and asymmetry were unaffected by metal mine distance, and no variable was affected by distance to mines extracting non‐metals. Overall, our findings show that aspects of motmot coloration are affected by mining disturbance, probably more from heavy metal contamination rather than other aspects of mine‐related anthropization. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects are due to direct toxicity or to ecological effects such as decreased food availability and to discern whether altered colour of conspicuous patches affects social processes such as mate choice and territorial interactions in populations exposed to mining.

Human sensory neurons modulate melanocytes through secretion of RGMB.

Melanocytes are surrounded by diverse cells, including sensory neurons in our skin, but their interaction and functional importance have been poorly investigated. In this study, we find that melanocytes and nociceptive neurons contact more in human skin color patch tissue than control. Co-culture with human iPSC-derived sensory neurons significantly induces morphogenesis and pigmentation of human melanocytes. To reveal melanocyte-stimulating factors secreted from neurons, we perform proteomic analyses and identify RGMB in the sensory neuron-conditioned medium. RGMB protein induces morphogenesis and melanin production of melanocytes, demonstrating that RGMB is a melanocyte-stimulating factor released from sensory neurons. Transcriptome analysis suggests that the melanosome transport machinery can be controlled by RGMB, leading us to identify the vesicle production response of melanocytes upon RGMB treatment. This study discovers a role of sensory neurons in modulating multiple aspects of human melanocytes through secretion of a key factor: RGMB.

Reducing the number of measuring points of the LED-based colorimetric probe

In this paper, reducing the number of necessary measuring points for estimating a reflected electromagnetic spectrum of a printed color patch is presented. In our previous work, a machine learning-based method was proven to be superior to Cubic Hermite interpolation in estimating spectrum based on six measured values provided by measuring reflection of six LED sources (400 nm, 457 nm, 517 nm, 572 nm, 632 nm, and 700 nm). Now, the new hypothesis is that the number of measuring points LEDs could be decreased without the significant loss of the spectrum estimation. The ECI2002 test chart was used to create the dataset, which was further divided into training and test subset. For all the colors on the test chart, the measurements were performed on printed patches with the device proposed in our previous work, as well as with the commercial spectrophotometer X-Rite i1 Publish Pro2, which were then used as the ground truth, or reference values. The Artificial Neural Networks were trained to estimate spectrums based on measurements acquired with our device. The results proved satisfactory even when the number of measuring points is reduced from six to three RGB LEDs (457 nm, 517 nm, and 632 nm).

Color‐nutrient associations: Implications for product design of dietary supplements

AbstractDietary supplements are prevalent and represent a huge (and still growing) global market. Such products are intended to enhance health and wellness as well as to supplement diets. Compared to the large amount of dietary supplements research on nutrition, dietetics, and medicine, far less research has been conducted in the realm of sensory and consumer science. Product design is undoubtedly an important element of any brand's success, no matter what the category, and can be used to convey various symbolic meanings to the consumer. Drawing on research on color psychology and product design, the present research aimed to clarify the associations (or expectations) that consumers have with the particular product design of dietary supplements. Across four studies, two of which were preregistered, participants were asked to choose a color that they felt best matched each of the named nutrients. The results consistently demonstrate that people associate nutrients with particular colors (i.e., color patches; Study 1) and to capsule/container color; Studies 2–4. Vitamins supplements in general, as well as vitamins C and D, in particular, were frequently matched with the colors yellow and orange. Dietary fiber supplement was often matched with green. Although mineral supplements were frequently matched with blue, each kind of mineral appeared to have its own unique association with specific colors (magnesium/iron with gray, calcium with white). Protein supplements (protein, amino acid) are frequently matched with the colors orange and red. Taken together, these findings demonstrate how people associate nutrients with specific visual design features and thus contribute practical knowledge concerning the design of dietary supplements.Practical ApplicationsOur findings provide practical implications for effective communication strategies for nutrition with the consumer. Color is an important design element, and the design of nutritional supplements and their packaging is no exception in this regard. Designers and marketers can use our findings to help create better visual designs for dietary supplements and their packaging to help meet consumers' expectations. Moreover, our findings might also be fruitfully applied to marketing communications for functional foods (e.g., vitamin‐enriched foods, mineral‐enriched foods). Marketers may be able to capitalize on our findings concerning color‐nutrition associations in order to effectively promote functional foods.

How does the use of simultaneous contrast illusion on product-background color combination nudge consumer behavior? A behavioral and event-related potential study.

Color, as one of the most critical visual factors influencing consumer decisions, has been widely used in e-commerce marketing. However, the effects of product-background saturation combination on consumers’ willingness to purchase products with different heaviness attributes (e.g., heaviness-positive products or heaviness-negative products) have not been conclusively determined. The current study demonstrated the effects of product-background saturation combination on product heaviness perception and its downstream consequences. Based on behavioral method, study 1 showed that a patch of color placed in a pale background (the saturation of the background is lower than the saturation of the color patch) was perceived as visually heavier than that in a colorful background (the saturation of the background is higher than the saturation of the color patch). Study 2 applied event-related potentials (ERPs) method to explore the underlying neural mechanisms of how the interactions between the presentation modes and the product types affect consumer decisions. Behaviorally, compared to the colorful background, the pale background would lead to a higher purchase rate for the heaviness-positive products, whereas the opposite results were found for the heaviness-negative products. Furthermore, for both the heaviness-positive and heaviness-negative products, a shorter reaction time would be observed in the pale background condition than in the colorful background condition. Neurophysiologically, the pale background would result in smaller N2 component and larger P3 component compared to the colorful background for the heaviness-positive products, while the reverse held for the heaviness-negative products. Smaller N2 component implies decreased perceptual conflicts and larger P3 component implies increased decision confidence, suggesting that e-retailers should present heaviness-positive products with pale backgrounds and heaviness-negative products with colorful backgrounds.

Impact of being physically active on the brain electrocortical activity, brain volumetry and performance in the Stroop color and word test in women with fibromyalgia

Physical exercise is one of the treatment approaches with the most robust evidence against fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the impact of being physically active on the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) performance as well as to investigate and compare the brain electrocortical activity during SCWT. A total of 31 women completed the SCWT while EEG was recorded. People with FM were divided into two groups (physically and non-physically active) according to the WHO guidelines. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging was acquired and health-related quality of life, the impact of the disease, and the six-minute walking test were administered. Physically active group showed better performance in the SCWT, exhibiting less error in name different color patches condition (C), more correct responses in named color-word condition (CW) and higher interference score than non-physically active group. Moreover, a significantly higher theta power spectrum in the Fp1 during the condition C in the SCWT and a higher volume in the right rostral middle frontal gyrus have been found in the physically active group. Furthermore, physically active women with FM showed positively correlations between correct responses in names of colors printed in black condition (W) in the SCWT and theta power in the F3, Fz, Fp2 and F4 scalp positions. Regarding non-physically active women with FM, errors in condition CW negatively correlated with the volume of left superior frontal gyrus, left rostral middle frontal gyrus, right rostral middle frontal gyrus, left caudal middle frontal gyrus and right caudal middle frontal gyrus. Furthermore, physically active group showed increased performance in the 6 min walking test and lower disease impact. Fulfil the physical activity recommendation seems to protect brain health since better SCWT performance, greater frontal theta power and higher volume in the right rostral middle frontal gyrus have been found in physically active women with FM.

Validation of two clinical color measuring instruments for use in dental research

ObjectiveThere are several shade matching instruments developed for clinical use, but the validity of their use in dental research has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using two clinical color measuring instruments, VitaEasyshade and Spectroshade, against a referent laboratory color measuring instrument (Spectroradiometer PR670). Methods and materialsThe validity and repeatability of the referent laboratory color measuring instrument was assessed using standard color patches with certified CIE L*a*b* values. 10% of the 240 color patches were randomly selected and measured ten times in a random order to test for repeatability. 16 metal ceramic specimens, fabricated from base metal alloy veneered with porcelain of different Vita Classic shades, were measured for L*a*b* values using the PR670, Vita EasyShade and the Spectroshade. The CIE L*a*b* values obtained from the three color measuring instruments were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc using the Bonferroni test. The color difference, CIEDE2000 (∆E00), between the gold standard (PR670) and the two color measuring instruments were also determined and compared against the known perceptible color difference. ResultsL*a*b* values varied significantly between the three instruments. When comparing the mean ΔE00, the differences in values between PR670 and Spectroshade were not clinically significantly. However, the mean ΔE00 values between PR670 and Vita Easyshade were both clinically and statistically significant. ConclusionThe lack of clinical significance in values obtained from the SpectroShade when compared to those obtained by the PR670 suggests that the SpectroShade may be recommended for use in dental color research. Clinical significanceThe SpectroShade instrument and PR670 spectroradiometer provided values that lacked clinical significance, suggesting that its use may be highly beneficial for clinical shade matching as well as color research.

Wing scale patterns of Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Hypolimnas bolina (L), exhibit a stunningly bright and lustrous colour wing patches. The present study is focused on the variety of pigmented scales that cover the wings of H. bolina. A total of 128 different types of scales (white, brown, blue as well as black scales) were investigated, which includes 63 morphologically different types of scales on the dorsal part and 65 scales from ventral side. For the analysis the scales are taken from the black and violet portion of dorsal part and brown and white colored patches in ventral region. Micrometry of scales on the dorsal side showed a length range of about 86.6 to 102.4? and width range of 63 to 78.8?. Dimension analysis of ventral region range from 86.6 to 106.3? in length and width of 66.8 to 86.6?. The shape and distribution of scale depends on their exact location on the wing which are responsible for boggling pattern and brilliant visual appearance.

Successful self-healing of vitiligo condition and overcoming psychosocial stresses of a female patient using Yoga Prana Vidya protocols with persistence and determination: an in-depth case study

<p class="abstract">Vitiligo is a skin condition with patches of white color occurring on any area of the human body and several treatment approaches are recommended in main stream medicine as well as alternative modes of treatments. Patients suffer psychosocial stress due to social rejection and consequent loss of self-esteem and self-confidence. This paper presented an in-depth case study of a 29-year-old female vitiligo patient, who used and practiced Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) protocols for self-healing. Case series method is used examining full case papers and narration of major events by the patient on what worked well for her using YPV system intervention. The patient persistently healed herself with 2 to 4 sessions a day and within a time span of 1½ months her all the vitiligo patches had healed almost by 50%. After a year of continuing the YPV intervention, the recovery was sustained and further recovery of 30% was seen as she continued with her practices of YPV techniques. As a result, she regained self-esteem and self-confidence overcoming the accumulated psychosocial stress. During this period, she was not taking any medications, but only doing self-healing using YPV protocols. The overall improvement over a period of one year and three months was nearly 80% and a complete life changing experience with self-acceptance after a prolonged traumatic phase in life. YPV system is proving to be a versatile approach to resolving a variety of health issues, as is evident from the published literature.</p>

A predictive intelligence approach for low-light enhancement

Images captured in low-light scenes often suffer from poor contrast, severe loss of details and a lot of noise. These issues mentioned above can degrade the performance of some computer vision tasks such as object detection and recognition. The Retinex theory, which decomposes low-light images into reflection and illumination components, is an effective tool for predicting high-light images. Most Retinex-based methods cannot deal with noise reduction and over-smoothing simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a predictive intelligence approach of a multi-task framework to enhance the low-light image. The framework is composed of four coarse recovery sub-networks and three cross refinement sub-networks. Firstly, we use the LIME method to pre-process the low-light image and input the results to the coarse recovery sub-networks as priori knowledges along with the original low-light image. The residual connection and mixed-domain attention module are embedded in each coarse recovery sub-network so that the feature map processed by the attention mechanism is merged with the feature map from the main branch to improve the ability of predicting local bright color patches and effectively control the number of noises. The refinement sub-networks take the output of the coarse sub-networks as input and feed them into U-Net architectures in cross manner. The refinement sub-networks establish a multi-task framework with a cross-task distillation module that can significantly improve the predictive ability of the whole network. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves 4.1 in MOS, 19.82 in PSNR, 0.8470 in SSIM, 3.0271 in NIQE, and improves by more than 5% in both subjective metrics and objective metrics compared to state-of-the-art alternatives.