Color Detection Research Articles

Introducing Colorimetric Analysis with Document Scanner for High School Students

Spectrophotometer is modern analytical instrument for analysis the amount of substance based on the color change. However, for high school laboratory practice, only few schools had this instrument for chemical analysis. There are many studies reported the use of daily life electronic for colorimetric analysis such as smartphone, scanner and digital camera. This work demonstrated the used of document scanner for colorimetric glucose determination for easy learn the daily life instrument as analytical device. The color detection was based on the reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase enzyme to produce H2O2. The H2O2 was then reacted with TiOSO4 to produce yellow color. The color formation was captured with a document scanner and the digital image was analyzed using ImageJ software. The result of the used of document scanner showed Horwitz Ratio of 0.40, recovery of 98.4%, linear responses from 0.5 mM to 3.0 mM (r = 0,9989), limit of detection of 0.15 mM and limit of quantification of 0.40 mM.

Quantum efficiency of plasmonic-coupled quantum dot infrared photodetectors for single- color detection: the upper limit of plasmonic enhancement

We report a measurement of the quantum efficiency for a surface plasma wave (SPW)-coupled InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs dots-in-a-well (Dwell) quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) having a single-color response at ∼10 µm. A gold film perforated with a square array of complex, non-circular apertures is employed to manipulate the near-fields of the fundamental SPW. The quantum efficiency is quantitatively divided into absorption efficiency strongly enhanced by the SPW, and collection efficiency mostly independent of it. In the absorption efficiency, the evanescent near-fields of the fundamental SPW critically enhances QDIP performance but undergoes the attenuation by the absorption in the Dwell that ultimately limits the quantum efficiency. For the highest quantum efficiency available with plasmonic coupling, an optimal overlap between Dwell and SPW near-fields is required. Based on experiment and simulation, the upper limit of the plasmonic enhancement in quantum efficiency for the present device is addressed.

In Situ Formed Gradient Bandgap-Tunable Perovskite for Ultrahigh-Speed Color/Spectrum-Sensitive Photodetectors via Electron-Donor Control.

Integration of various photodetectors with different light-sensitive materials and detection capacity is an inevitable way to achieve entire color/spectrum detection. However, the uneven capacity of each photodetector would drag the overall performance behind, especially the response speed. A response time down to nanosecond level has not previously been reported for a filter-free color/spectrum-sensitive photodetector, as far as is known. Here, a self-powered filterless color-sensitive photodetection array based on an in situ formed gradient perovskite absorber film with continuously tunable bandgap is demonstrated. Ultrahigh-speed response at nanosecond level is achieved in all the ingredient photodetectors. The junction capacitance being influenced by carrier concentration in the absorber is identified to be responsible for the detection speed. Without any optic or mechanical supporting system, the designed color detector exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 94% and a high spectral resolution of around 80 nm for the whole visible spectrum. This work offers a guidance to achieve fast response of perovskite-based photodetectors from the point of view of carrier-donor control and demonstrates a new avenue to establish color-sensitive photodetectors/spectrometers.

Using Mobile– iPhone as New Visible Colour Detector for Determination of Pharmaceutical (Potassium Permanganate)

In this work the use of a mobile phone as a spectrophotometer using camera resolution by installing the software (application store AAP) on the phone (i Phone 6), which analyzes the colour images (RGB) in results with a colour length where it was possible to calculate the colour value of each image representing a specific concentration of the solution under study. A calibration curve with a range of (1 × 10-3 - 6.25 × 10-4) mmole.L-1 using optical image analysis with the concentration of the preparation of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). A calibration curve for statistical correlation range of 0.993 (R2) was found.

Low-cost and real-time color detector developments for glucose biosensor

One of the analytical methods widely developed is a biosensor, which has several advantages. We reported the development of a real-time colorimetric detector for glucose biosensor using low-cost electrical components of LDR, TCS230 and webcam. The detection was based on the color recognition from the devices resulted in RGB color intensity of the yellow color of hydrogen peroxide and titanium oxysulfate reaction. The comparison of three developed low-cost methods showed that the detector based on TCS230 had the best sensitivity. The real-time colorimetric glucose biosensor using TCS230 showed a good linearity, in the glucose detection of 0.1 to 2.5 mM with the regression equation of y = 27.89x + 35.31 (R2 = 0.993). Furthermore, the calculated limit of detection of 0.14 mM and calculated limit of quantification of 0.58 mM. The glucose biosensor was also showed high selectivity to detect glucose in the blood sample with good agreement compare to commercial glucose biosensor.

Portable ratiometric probe based on the use of europium(III) coordination polymers doped with carbon dots for visual fluorometric determination of oxytetracycline.

A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC) was developed. The method is based on the use ofadenosine monophosphate/Eu(III) nanoscale coordination polymersdoped withcarbon dots (CDs) (CD@AMP/Eu NCPs). These were fabricated by self-assembly of Eu3+ and AMP on the surface of CDs containing large amounts of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Under the excitation at 310nm wavelength, the dopedNCPs display strong pinkemission of Eu3+ at 615nm and blue emission of theCDs at 430nm on exposure to OTC. The ratio offluorescence intensity (F615/F430) of such NCPs displays excellent linear relationship with OTC concentration ranging from 0.2 to 60μM and the limit of detection (LOD) is 25nM (3σ). The doped NCPs were evenly immobilized on common filter paper to prepare avisual ratiometric probe for the determination of OTC. Assisted by a digital camera with an APP color detector, the paper-based test strip was applied for the quantitative determination of OTC with a LOD of 0.5μM and a wide linear scope of 1-100μM. The method was applied to the determination of OTC in milk samples. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the principle for oxytetracycline (OTC) determination using carbon dots (CD)@adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/Europium (Eu3+) paper-based ratiometic probe.

A novel trimodal system on a paper-based microfluidic device for on-site detection of the date rape drug “ketamine”

Paper-based microfluidic device was designed with wax-printing to combine potentiometric, fluorimetric and colorimetric detection zones. This newly developed trimodal paper chip has been used for on-site determination of ketamine hydrochloride (KET) as a date rape drug in beverages. The device employed polyaniline nano-dispersion as conducting polymer in ion sensing paper electrodes designed to fit USB plug connector. Carbon dots-gold nanoparticles and cobalt thiocyanate were used in fluorescence and color detection zones, respectively. Cellular phone’s camera facilitated the on-site fluorimetric and color detection. The implemented trimodal detection system exhibited specificity for KET detection in the presence of several other beverage interferences i.e., biogenic amines. This innovative sensor brings together analytical figures of merit for effective KET detection in single aliquot of spiked beverages. The proposed paper-based chip also fulfils WHO criteria for point-of-care devices posing the proposed trimodal paper device as an active part for rapid, on-site drug diagnostics and to be applied further for other similar drugs.

Design of testing Method of Fuels Filling Measurement Instrument

In this paper we have proposed a technique as a testing method for the instrument of measuring the amount of fuel filled in motorbike fuel tank. The instrument used a fluid flow meter that can be used easily by consumers to check the accuracy of gas station filler gauge. The study aims to develop a prototype of fluid flow measurement devices and a digital reporting system through IoT. The research phase consists of designing a fluid flow equipment, designing a color detection device, and designing a reporting system with IoT. Reporting application uses the smartphone system as a display of measurement results from flow meters and color detectors. Testing the function of the accuracy of the flow sensor on the tool is done by using a calibration factor. The output of measurements are fuel volume discharge, type of fluid and the result are shown on smartphone which connected to the internet for its reporting system.

Implementation of Programmable Logic Controller in multi machine operations with product sorting and packaging based on colour detection

Automation is widely used in various industries to increase the speed, accuracy and effectiveness of production and reduce the risk of hazards. In general, the manufacturing industry has a product packaging and sorting process based on size, weight, shape, height and color. Currently, the sorting process in the industry is still mostly done manually which causes human error problems, so the development of industrial automation that is low cost, easy to maintain, efficient, user friendly and more accurate needs to be done. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is one of the most widely used for automation equipment in the industry and can be programmed to control machine operations. In this paper, the Mitsubishi Melsec PLC with ladder diagram programming using GX work2 has been developed to control multi-machine operation by product sorting and packaging based on product color. Multi-machine operation consists of three DC motors used for conveyors, two single solenoids, proximity sensors, inductive sensors and limit switches. The proximity sensors are used to detect the products based on color. The system is equipped with an emergency button and alarm system to facilitate the implementation of troubleshooting. To facilitate communication with operators and user-friendly systems, the human machine interface (HMI) is used as an interface for system monitoring and controlling. HMI uses Pro-face from Schneider which is programmed using GP-Pro EX4.0. The ladder diagram has been implemented in the PLC and tested on hardware to simulate the system. Based on test results, MELSEC PLC can communicate with HMI and control multi-operation machines with product sorting and packaging. The machine can separate and package metal products by colour and the packaging system can be monitored and controlled remotely automatically with HMI.

ВОКАЛЬНА ПЕДАГОГІКА ПАВЛА ГОЛУБЄВА В СУЧАСНОЇ МИСТЕЦЬКОЇ ОСВІТІ

Introduction. The modern vocal pedagogy is based on the methodological principles of domestic and foreign vocal pedagogy, thorough study of the musical traditions of the Ukrainian people. The issue of preserving the traditions of Ukrainian vocal art and the use of innovative ideas in further development is extremely important. The comprehensive analysis of P.V.Holubev’s artistic and pedagogical activities allows to significantly expand the idea of the the artist' work an at the same time realize its importance for the Ukrainian musical art. The artist left great achievements in the history of the national vocal school, contributing to the process of its formation and development. The purpose of the article is highlighting of vocal pedagogy of the outstanding Ukrainian artist, Professor P.V. Holubev. The methods of analysis of musical and pedagogical activity of Kharkiv singer, teacher, Professor P. Holubev. Results. Pavlo Holubev’s vocal pedagogy has distinctive features. Under his guidance, students learned not only solo, but also ensemble and choral singing. The individual lessons with students had as their main goal the achievement of equality of voice sound and the detection of unique timbre color of the sound and the gradual expansion of the range of voice in the descending and ascending directions starting from the development of the middle register; formation of a diverse palette of sound filled with overtones; performing interpretation of vocal music. It is revealed that in P. Holubev’s vocal pedagogy the following main content lines are traced: development of vocal skills, abilities; the need to introduce them into the system of teaching vocal methodology, which is based on the scientific study of national and world experience of vocal pedagogy; synthesis and constant updating of vocal methods, which takes into account the student’s individual characteristics of the voice and creative talent. Originality. After analyzing the artistic and pedagogical activity of Professor P. Holubev we can define certain scientific approaches to educational process, namely: 1) axiological approach; 2) personality-oriented approach; 3) creative and activity approach. Conclusions. Thus, analyzing the musical and pedagogical activities of the outstanding singer, teacher, Professor P.V. Holubev, we can conclude that the features of his vocal pedagogy played an important role in the Kharkiv vocal school. Scientific study of the musical and pedagogical experience of P.V. Holubev became the basis of national and world vocal pedagogy.

Computer Vision System: A Better Tool for Assessing Pork and Beef Colour than a Standard Colourimeter

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the use of computer vision system (CVS) to calculate CIE colour coordinates of beef and pork, as compared to a traditional Minolta colourimeter. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences of the colour parameters (L*a*b*, hue angle and chroma) using these two different techniques for colour detection. The CVS methodology produced colours highly similar to the visual assessment tests, but the Minolta colourimeter did not. The CVS-obtained colours were similar to the colours of both pork and beef samples visualized by trained panellists on the monitor, but colourimeter-obtained colours differed. The frequency of similarity for CVS-obtained colours and the actual meat colours as seen by the trained panellists was 100%. These results indicate that the CVS could be a superior alternative over the conventional Minolta colourimeter by offering improved representativeness and accuracy. In addition to providing objective colour measurement, it offers other possibilities that can be of benefit in further quality control or research within the meat industry.

Human Ear Print Detection Algorithm

In this paper, proposed detection algorithm for human ear print images, the algorithm consist of three-stage. the first stage The detection algorithm using HSV color space, canny algorithm and contrast enhancement for grayscale. This step aims to determine skin area in-ear image by first HSV color space converting RGB to HSV color space and applying certain rules to determine the skin area. the second stage applies skin ear segmentation for the split of the skin and non-skin areas where ear skin color detection. After the ear detection stage, the first stage in edge detection is image smoothing through using a Gaussian filter then converted to a grayscale image after then contrast enhancement is an important step in the algorithm detection ear. Finally applying Canny edge detection, in general, is to significantly reduce the amount of data in an image, while protecting the main structure to be utilized for further image processing. were obtained from the dataset, available in the Internet and detection algorithm implemented in programing language Visual Basic 6.0.

Information System Prototyping of Strawberry Maturity Stages using Arduino Uno and TCS3200

Strawberry is one of the commodities of subtropical fruits growing in Indonesia. It has a high economic value, attractive appeal in a red and fresh sweet fruit. The color of a strawberry shows its maturity stages, and the strawberry maturity stages affect postharvest quality. The research aimed to design and implement a tool to approve and apply the maturity stages of strawberries using Arduino Uno and display the information on the web. The method included needs analysis and analysis of work, and the design consisted of hardware design and network design. The testing consisted of TCS3200 sensor testing, LCD testing, servo motor testing, and WEB testing. The results of this study found that when the strawberry fruit was declared mature by the TCS3200 sensor as the color detection sensor, the LCD would display the texts, and the servo would open. The system on the WEB would display the total information of the sorted strawberries.

Study on Modeling Method of Forest Tree Image Recognition Based on CCD and Theodolite

Forest vegetation is the main body that constitutes forest resources. Accurate identification of the types of forest trees can lay the foundation for the research and utilization of forest resources. With the development of remote sensing technology, traditional optical remote sensing can only describe the horizontal pattern of ground features, which makes it difficult to identify single tree species. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the method of forest tree image recognition. This article mainly studies the forest image recognition system based on CCD and theodolite. In this article, the forest image recognition system based on CCD and theodolite uses near, middle, and far CCD cameras to detect the infrared radiation of the target and collect the target image. The image processing algorithm is designed for the image processing module, and the flow chart of the image processing algorithm is given. The processing function has designed the interface of the image processing module. The image processing module can extract the main information of the target from simple background and complex background. In this article, an experimental optical path is built, the forest image recognition simulation platform is verified, and the data obtained from the experiment is processed. The implemented color detection algorithm can achieve a detection accuracy rate of more than 91% for forest tree image recognition detection. The test results show that the image acquisition, transmission and display functions of the camera system realized by this subject are normal, and the system can achieve accurate recognition of the target.

Toward Understanding of the Peanut Maturity Classification Process

HighlightsThe manual mesocarp color-based classification process for runner peanuts was investigated to inform the development of an automatic method for peanut maturity classification.The results show that the maturity classification process is not solely dependent on mesocarp color. Other factors, such as the shape of the sample distribution, are considered during the manual process.Color detection and distribution shape should be considered in the future development of automatic peanut maturity classification system.Abstract. Optimizing the harvest date is essential for maximizing peanut yields and ensuring top-quality peanuts. Currently, the most popular and acceptable method for peanut maturity classification is a manual method called the peanut profile board, which is based on the color of the peanut’s mesocarp layer. An automated system could greatly improve the efficiency of the current manual method. However, little research has been done on the manual method, so there is not enough insight to guide the development of an automatic system. In this study, the aim was to analyze the process of using the peanut profile board and gather relevant information for developing an automatic method for peanut maturity classification. Specifically, a GoPro camera was used to record on-site sample classification by trained human classifiers. Classification times were analyzed through the recorded videos, and the classification results were compared with a solely color-based classification method to see if trained classifiers consider factors other than color. With an average classification time of 11.98 s per peanut, the Black 1 color category required more classification time than the other color categories, which indicates that Black 1 is most important for maturity classification. The results from the solely color-based classification method had an average color matching rate of 69.3% with the results of the trained classifiers, which indicates that peanut maturity evaluation is not based only on color. The maturity prediction, defined as the ratio of the number of peanuts in the combined brown and black categories to the total sample size, differed by an average of only 13.4% between the two classification methods. This indicates that mesocarp color is the major factor for peanut maturity classification. Overall, the results of this study prove the feasibility of automated color detection and classification for peanut maturity evaluation. Future development of such a system will benefit from the insights found in this study. Keywords: Color classification, Peanut classification time, Peanut maturity classification procedure.

A Deep-Learning-Based Scheme for Detecting Driver Cell-Phone Use

Cell-phone use while driving results in potentially severe safety hazards. In this paper, a scheme for detecting cell-phone use that is based on deep learning is proposed, which can eliminate the potential risk by detecting the driver behavior and issuing an early warning. The proposed scheme consists of two stages: model training and practical testing. In the former, a multi-angle arrangement of cameras is first designed. Then, based on self-established data set, two independent convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained by optimizing the size and number of the convolution kernels, which can efficiently recognize cell-phones and hands in real time. In the testing stage, dynamic region extraction and skin color detection are employed as preprocessing to improve the accuracy of target recognition. Then, with the trained CNNs, the detection of cell-phone and hand targets is carried out, and the corresponding early warning is issued based on the distance of the interaction between the cell-phone and the hand. Numerous experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can accurately detect cell-phone use during driving in real time, with a running time of 144 fps and an accuracy of 95.7%.

MODEL ROBOT TROLI OBJECT FOLLOWER MENGGUNAKAN PIXY CMUCAM5 BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO 328P

Object Follower Robot is a robot that can follow the object's motion where the object will walk will be followed. The control system uses a motor driver and two dynamos to run the robot based on the color of the object detected by the Pixy CMUCAM5 camera so that it can walk following the object. This system depends on hardware and software. The hardware uses the Arduino Uno 328P as the microcontroller, the ultrasonic sensor as a distance detector, the Pixy CMUCAM5 camera as the color detector of the object, and the HX711 weight sensor as a weighing counter for shopping. As well as software using color filtering to read colors rather than objects, the results issued from color filtering are what make the conversion as a robot control system. The results of the test are to identify how the robot can follow the object, how far the robot can follow the object, and how long the robot is able to walk if the robot is turned on continuously. So it can be seen the extent to which the ability of the robot can be used

Genotyping of Malaysian G6PD-deficient neonates by reverse dot blot flow-through hybridisation.

G6PD deficiency is the commonest enzyme deficiency found in humans. Current diagnostic methods lack sensitivity to detect all cases of G6PD deficiency. We evaluated the reverse dot blot flow-through hybridisation assay designed to detect simultaneously multiple known G6PD mutations in a group of Malaysian neonates. Archival DNA samples from 141 G6PD-deficient neonates were subjected to reverse dot blot flow-through hybridisation assay using the GenoArray Diagnostic Kit (Hybribio Limited, Hong Kong) and DNA sequencing. The method involved PCR amplification of 5 G6PD exons using biotinylated primers, hybridisation of amplicons to a membrane containing oligoprobes designed for G6PD mutations known to occur in the Malaysian population and colour detection by enzyme immunoassay. The assay detected 13 of the 14 G6PD mutations and genotyped 133 (94.3%) out of 141 (102 males, 39 females) cases. Among the 39 female G6PD-deficient neonates, there were 7 homozygous and 6 compound heterozygous cases. The commonest alleles were G6PD Viangchan 871G > A (21%) and G6PD Mahidol 487G > A(20%) followed by G6PD Mediterranean 563C > T, (14%), G6PD Vanua Lava 383T > C (12%), G6PD Canton 1376G > T (10%), G6PD Orissa 131C > G (6.3%) G6PD Coimbra 592C > T (5.6%) plus 6 other mutations. DNA sequencing of remaining cases revealed 6 cases of intron 11 nt 93C > T not previously reported in Malaysia and two novel mutations, one case each of nt 1361G > T and nt 1030G > A. We found the reverse dot blot assay easy to perform, rapid, accurate and reproducible, potentially becoming an improved diagnostic test for G6PD deficiency.

A multi-parameter in-situ water quality analyzer based on a portable document scanner and 3D printed self-sampling cells

This research introduced a new low-cost and multi-parameter analyzer for in-situ measurements of typical nutrients in water bodies. The analyzer consisted of color detection and chromogenic reaction modules. The self-sampling action of the 3D printed sampling/reaction cells was achieved with the cooperative application of rubber bands and dissolvable thread. The target analytes in the collected water sample reacted with the chromogenic reagents that were diffused from the pre-placed glass wool in the cell, producing color compounds. A portable document scanner was employed as a multi-parameter in-situ detector to record the image of the colored solutions in all five cells simultaneously. Based on the image, the corrected grayscale values were derived for target analyte quantitation.The relationships between grayscale values and concentrations of target analytes were established, and the temperature effects were studied. In addition, the practicability of the analyzer was demonstrated by in-situ experiments carried out in four different sites, including a creek, a river dock, a reservoir and a secondary settling tank in a wastewater treatment facility. The results indicated that the analyzer could be used for in-situ measuring of nutrients at μmol/L levels in the water. The nutrient concentrations obtained with the analyzer were comparable with those obtained with the standard methods. The presented analyzer provided new complementary ideas and methods for in-situ rapid measurement of nutrients and other target analytes in various water systems.

A highly sensitive and specific lateral flow aptasensor for the detection of human osteopontin

The rapid determination of human osteopontin (OPN) protein, a potential cancer biomarker, holds substantial promise for point-of-care diagnostics and biomedical applications. To date, most reported platforms for OPN detection are apparatus-dependent, time-consuming, and expensive. Herein, we established a lateral flow biosensor (LFB) for OPN detection. A biotinylated aptamer was used for OPN pre-capture from samples, an antibody for OPN was immobilized on the test line for a second specific target identification, and streptavidin-modified gold nanoparticles were sprayed on the conjugation pad for color detection. This LFB achieved as low as 0.1 ng mL−1 OPN sensitivity with a good dynamic detection between 10 and 500 ng mL−1 within 5 min. Intriguingly, the LFB allowed a qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of OPN in serum at clinically cut-off levels as in cancer patients, and can discriminate OPN from interfering proteins with high specificity. Thus, it is a promising alterative approach for point-of-care OPN screening and detection.