This present research delves into the multifaceted world of mindfulness, exploring its definition and emphasizing its pivotal role in promoting mental health, especially for the utilisation of college students. Investigating various research methodologies, including behavioral and neuroimaging studies, the paper unveils the effects of mindfulness on psychological well-being. Noteworthy findings include compelling evidence supporting its ability to reduce stress and anxiety, enhance emotional regulation, and bolster resilience and coping mechanisms. The article further dissects the intricate mechanisms underlying mindfulness, encompassing psychological aspects such as exposure and confrontation, acceptance of experiences, and changes in thinking patterns, as well as neurological factors like impacts on brain structure and function, neural plasticity, cognitive enhancement, and neurochemical changes associated with the stress response. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of mindfulness in fostering mental well-being, providing a succinct summary of observed effects and mechanisms. It also acknowledges study limitations and proposes potential future research directions, underscoring the enduring relevance of mindfulness in advancing mental health across diverse populations.