University Participation Research Articles

Building a Cognitive Science of Human Variation: Individual Differences in Spatial Navigation.

The aim of this issue is to take stock of cognitive science of human variation in the field of spatial navigation, an important domain in which debates have often assumed an invariant human mind. Addressing the challenge of individual differences requires cognitive scientists to change their practices in several ways. First, we need to consider how to design measures and paradigms that have adequate psychometric characteristics. Second, using reliable, efficient, and valid measures, we need to examine how people vary from time to time, both in the short run due to emotions, such as stress or time pressure, and in the longer run, due to training or living in physical environments that require wayfinding skills. Third, we need to study people different from the traditional college participants, including variations in age, gender, education, culture, physical environment, and possible interactions among these variables.

Стадии формирования коммуникативной культуры студенчества в «Болонском» измерении

The article analyzes the situation in the field of domestic higher education, which arose in connection with the sanctions policy of Western countries and the end of the participation of Russian universities in the Bologna process, which marks the progress towards a single space of higher education. The article reveals the provision that the educational space, like any space created by the efforts of people and supported by their active participation, is part of a wider communicative space and is a product of a communicative culture. In the university environment, this culture has deep roots and adheres to the traditions built on their basis. The authors identify the stages of the formation of this culture and give detailed characteristics of each of them.

The Discourging Behavour of Seniors Effects the Personality of Junior Doctors A Cross Sectional Study

Purpose: Insulting and discouraging conduct of the senior could be very common in fitness professionals. My goal was to explore the emotions, behaviors and reactions of the junior doctors closer to this form of discouraging mindset at their painting’s region (In NSSH). (Ahmer, Yousafzai et al. 2008) Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Nawaz Sharif social safety hospital. June 2018 Methods: A convenient sampling length consists of one hundred and fifteen which include both males and female, most of them were in age group (21-45). A data become amassed by a predesigned, pretested questionnaire survey which changed into advanced after big literature evaluation and allotted to scientific specialists of their hospitals. Verbal knowledgeable consent was taken and confidentiality changed into ensured. Results: An average reaction price is a hundred%, 75%of responses suggested enjoy the insulting and discouraging behavior at their paintings region from the senior college participants. The maximum not unusual insulting behavior became unjustified grievance. Junior docs experience multiple episodes of insult and discouraging conduct in past six months. Junior docs have observed the humiliating conduct of their seniors with their colleagues. Conclusion: Bullying or Insulting conduct is confronted with the aid of massive population of junior docs in Pakistan. The maximum common perpetrators of this bullying are specialists. fundamental changes are required at countrywide and character stage in Pakistan to resolve this problem. To save you its unwanted results in fitness care gadget. (Hicks 2000) Keywords: Discouraging Behavior, Doctors, Senior, Junior

The policy of open access to the results of scientific research projects, enforced in research and development contracts: the experience of European countries, the USA and its possible implementation in Ukrainе

The article analyzes experience of the EU and the USA in implementing the open access policy to the results of scientific researches. There are determined approaches to the formation of a policy of open access during joint projects with the participation of scientific research institutions and Universities, as well as its implementation into the provisions of contracts on research and development, available in Europe and the United States; also, recommendations for implementation of the open access policy in the provisions of contracts for conducting R&D with the participation of Ukrainian scientists are proposed.Statement of the problem: Ukraine, following the countries of Europe and America, is actively implementing the “Open Science” policy, which consists of 3 main elements: open access to publications, open data, and open discussion of the scientific research process and its results. At the same time, a whole list of issues related, in particular, to the functioning of open access to scientific publications and other materials containing the results of scientific research (the absence of an appropriate open access policy in scientific institutions and Universities, legally undefined status of free access licenses according to Ukrainian legislation, etc.). Another issue arises, related to open access to the results of scientific research and development: namely, the appropriate consolidation of the mechanisms of open access to such results of joint international or interdepartmental (interinstitutional) projects in research contracts (hereinafter – Research and Development Contracts (DR Agreements)). The article examines existing open access mechanisms used by scientists and researchers in European countries, mechanisms established at the EU level in the Framework Program for Scientific Research “Horizon Europe”, and also examines the experience of the USA (the level of federal institutions and the practice of universities). Recommendations are offered on setting out an open access policy when concluding DR contracts with Ukrainian and foreign partners.Results of the analysis of scientific publications. The study of the foreign practice of implementing open science, and, in particular, the policy of open access to scientific publications is quite active in Ukraine, but it is of interest to specialists, mainly, as an example for the implementation of such a policy in their research institutes, scientific publishing houses, higher educational institutions. Accordingly, the vast majority of domestic publications on this subject contain the exposition of the open access policy of institutions in Europe and the USA, as well as the definition of such policy in international documents (Didenko Y., Egorov I., ), some publications are devoted to a certain criticism of the process of implementing open access in Ukraine (articles by Yaroshenko T., Haustov V., Hryga V., Ryzhenko Yu.). At the same time, attention is paid to the only aspect – the successive steps of fulfilling the conditions of free access to scientific publications. Other significant aspects of the implementation of free access, namely, the combination of requirements for open access to the results of scientific research and their patent protection, and the legal consolidation of the open access policy of scientific institutions in contracts for conducting scientific research and development with partners and customers have not been clarified by the Ukrainian legal scholars (although certain works in this field have been published and related to the use of Creative Commons open access licenses when using scientific journals, book editions placed in the electronic environment by leading publishing houses (articles by Y.M. Kapitsa, K.S. Shahbazyan), the issue of copyright protection and detection of plagiarism (publications by V. Trotska, K. Shahbazyan, O. Sobin, O. Golikova, O. Samelyuk).

The Effectiveness of Kindergarten Buildings in Jordan: Shaping the Future toward Child-Friendly Architecture

From a sociology perspective, schools and kindergartens are society's primary institutions. Hence, safety in schools and especially kindergartens is essential for society. Moreover, due to the increasing number of working mothers in Jordan, the demand for safe and reliable kindergarten design has become extremely important. Child safety from injury, especially within the age group 4 to 6 years, is a crucial issue in architectural design. Moreover, there is a lack of interest in this age group compared to nurseries or primary schools. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic field study to reveal to what extent Kindergartens in Amman city, as a case study, have achieved the fundamental criteria of a safe and child-friendly environment. The case study analytical approach was applied to a random sample of Amman kindergartens to generate an in-depth evaluation of the inner and outer built environment and its features based on the UNICEF evaluation checklist for the child-friendly environment. In addition, a triangulation method (interviews, questionnaires, and field visits) was used to ensure the credibility and reliability of the collected data. Results revealed that kindergartens achieved only 40% of the benchmark criteria for a safe, child-friendly environment. This percentage rings the bell for a real problem that must be considered and brought to the attention of the responsible authorities to find the necessary solutions to create a safe, healthy, child-friendly environment. The research proposed a framework consisting of proposals and practical solutions to the various kindergarten design problems. More large-scale studies are required to evaluate kindergartens in other cities in Jordan to develop national sustainable standards that consider the child's psychological, physical, and intellectual aspects, with the participation of government sectors, universities, experts, and students of architecture colleges.

Assessing Cognitive Workload Using Cardiovascular Measures and Voice.

Monitoring cognitive workload has the potential to improve both the performance and fidelity of human decision making. However, previous efforts towards discriminating further than binary levels (e.g., low/high or neutral/high) in cognitive workload classification have not been successful. This lack of sensitivity in cognitive workload measurements might be due to individual differences as well as inadequate methodology used to analyse the measured signal. In this paper, a method that combines the speech signal with cardiovascular measurements for screen and heartbeat classification is introduced. For validation, speech and cardiovascular signals from 97 university participants and 20 airline pilot participants were collected while cognitive stimuli of varying difficulty level were induced with the Stroop colour/word test. For the trinary classification scheme (low, medium, high cognitive workload) the prominent result using classifiers trained on each participant achieved 15.17 ± 0.79% and 17.38 ± 1.85% average misclassification rates indicating good discrimination at three levels of cognitive workload. Combining cardiovascular and speech measures synchronized to each heartbeat and consolidated with short-term dynamic measures might therefore provide enhanced sensitivity in cognitive workload monitoring. The results show that the influence of individual differences is a limiting factor for a generic classification and highlights the need for research to focus on methods that incorporate individual differences to achieve even better results. This method can potentially be used to measure and monitor workload in real time in operational environments.

Peer-induced beliefs regarding college participation

We study the heterogeneity of peer effects on the formation of beliefs regarding college participation. We present a structural model of learning in friendship networks. We show that the model is identified and we present a Bayesian estimation procedure. We estimate the model using data on teenagers’ beliefs regarding college participation, controlling for preferences and academic achievement. While we find that, on average, friends’ beliefs account for about 8% of the updating process, we also find strong heterogeneity among schools and individuals. In particular, we find substantial unobserved individual heterogeneity (ranging from close to 0 to more than 75%), which casts doubt on the efficiency of network-targeted public policies.

A Critical Reassessment: The European Cloud University Platform and New Challenges of the Quartet Helix Collaboration in the European University System

The European Commission has presented how it intends to give Europe a lead in the data-driven economy by enabling cloud-based services and world-class infrastructures for industry, scientists, and public services. In 2011 we discussed and proposed the cloud university platform for the European Union in the European Integration Studies. The purpose of the study is to deliver a critical reassessment of the European Cloud University Platform. Today a new European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) will offer Europe's 1.7 million researchers and 70 million science and technology professionals a virtual environment to store, share and re-use the large volumes of information generated by the big data revolution. The EOSC will be underpinned by the European Data Infrastructure, deploying the high-bandwidth networks and super-computer capacity necessary to effectively access and process large datasets stored in the cloud. There is also a target to build a single market for the Internet of Things: with the right standards for interoperability, and open cross-sector platforms for IoT devices and services to connect seamlessly, and scale-up, up anywhere in the EU. Our assessment is focused on the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and its operational functioning and implementation process. The study is based on conventional assessment methods and tools. The methodology is a mostly mixed methodology (with both qualitative and quantitative data analytics) and it pays attention to argumentation logic and actual policy planning process and operational implementation of the EOSC. The role of Research Infrastructures (RIs), as well as cross-border innovation management approach are emphasized in recent transnational European research and innovation policy. Support for RIs form important pillars in the Horizon 2020-framework, as well as in the Horizon Europe-framework based on the idea that modern science requires unique global competitive capabilities, which individual institutions, or even individual European countries, often cannot provide by themselves. There are very good reasons to perform a critical assessment, because according to the European Cloud Initiative, over the coming 5 years, the European Commission will put forward proposals to meet the €4.7 billion investment need to integrate and consolidate data infrastructure. These vital proposals will bring together the EU and other sources, including Member States and private investments. By 2017, all scientific data produced by projects under the €77 billion within the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme will become open by default to ensure that the scientific community can re-use the enormous amount of data they generate. This change is not marginal and needs more reflective discussions. The primary database of reassessment is the documents of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and (1) associated European Commission work programme (overview of institution-wide deliverables), (2) the strategic plan (department strategy, objectives for 2016-2020) and (3) other EU management plans and scientific discussion associated with platform economy research. These EU documents were published after our original EIS article. The key results of critical reassessment are: (1) There are concrete needs to strengthen links between the European Open Science Cloud, Industry 4.0 strategy and Industry 4.0 Curriculum in Europe, (2) the concept of platform needs more discussion in the future developments of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), (3) country-level university and research community participation in the EOSC requires more discussion and more updated operational implementation plans and programs, and (4) there is need to plan symbiotic digitalized innovation eco-system policy and economic growth policy framework for the European Union. We summarise our critical reassessment with a critical note that there are big integration challenges of the European Open Science Cloud. Keywords: European Open Science Cloud, Big Data, Industry 4.0, Higher education, European integration, Digitalization, Platform economy, Open science policy, Open innovation paradigm, Collaboration framework of European universities, Data governance, Digital platforms, Data infrastructure, European data politics, Data policy

Inquest into Existing Structures that Strengthens Democracy in South African Universities

Student participation in universities continues to be hampered by several factors. Thus, this paper examines the existing structures that serve to strengthen democracy in South African universities. Underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm, the study employed a qualitative approach and a case study design. Data were collected from six lecturers and 75 students across three universities. The research findings revealed that although there are several structures that promote democracy in universities, student representative councils, which are overarching structures, are characterised by numerous shortcomings, which include the abuse of power among many others. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that existing structures in higher education institutions pursue democratic objectives as a matter of course, and seek to promote students’ cognitive engagement with politics as well as their curiosity regarding political debate, since such awareness can improve the latter’s knowledge of basic facts about the political system.

Analyis of Pre-Service Teachers' Stages of Concern who Participated in SWEET Program on SW Educaiton

이 연구의 목적은 소프트웨어 교육에 대한 관심을 반영하여 SW 교육에서의 교육현식을 위한 프로그램의 참여경험을 분석한 것이다. 예비교원들을 대상으로 추진된 SW교육은 앞으로 교사에게 필요한 디지털역량을 증진시킬 수 있는 기회가 된다. 이러한 변화에 대응하여 예비교원들의 참여경험이 지식, 기술, 활용 방법 등에 대한 인식수준의 변화를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 특히, 이 연구에서는 관심기반수용모형을 기반으로 사업 참여 효과에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 교육대학 재학중인 예비교사들의 SW교육 수용에 대한 관심단계(Stages of Concern)를 파악하였다. 연구대상은 총 115명이고, 1학년 17명(14.8%), 2학년 24명(20.9%), 3학년 42명(36.5%), 4학년 32명(27.8%)이었다. 응답자의 전공별 분포는 컴퓨터교육 31명(27.0%), 미술교육 13명(11.3%), 체육교육 13명(11.3%), 음악교육 12명(10.4%) 등이다. 응답자의 성별은 여학생 79명(68.7%), 남학생 36명(31.3%)이었다. 측정도구는 관심단계설문지(Stages of Concerns Questionnaire)인데, 인구 맥락에 맞게 변형하여 사용하였다. 연구결과, 예비교원의 관심도는 긍정적 비 사용자의 프로파일과 운영단계에 관심이 높은 프로파일이 합쳐진 형태로 나타났다. 성별, 학년별, 전공별, 교원양성대학 소프트웨어 교육강화 지원사업(SoftWare Education for all Elmentary Teachers ; SWEET 사업) 인지여부 및 참여여부에 따른 차이를 규명하였는데, 학년별, SWEET 사업 인지여부 및 참여여부에 따라 유의한 차의를 발견하였다.This study was conducted to understand the Stages of Concern for the acceptance of SW education by pre-service teachers. After conducting a study of a total of 115 subjects, the Stages of Concern Questionnaire was used as the measurement tool. As a result of the study, the interest profile of pre-service teachers showed a combination of the profile of positive non-users and the profile with high interest in the operation. Additionally, differences were investigated in accordance with gender, grade, major, and teacher training university software education (SWEET) project recognition and participation. Furthermore, significant differences were found according to grade and SWEET project recognition and participation.

Awareness and Knowledge of Rare Diseases in German Dentists, Dental Specialists and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons: A Country-Wide Survey

Background and objectives: Rare diseases affect an estimated four million patients in Germany. Approximately 15% of the approximately 6000 to 8000 rare diseases known globally show manifestations in the dental, oral and maxillofacial regions. The present survey evaluated the knowledge and management of rare diseases and their orofacial alterations by dentists, dental specialists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dentists working at university hospitals for dentistry and/or oral and maxillofacial surgery. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as an anonymous cross-sectional study. Two anonymous online surveys were performed in all dentists in Germany using the open-source survey software limesurvey. The study cohorts were divided into dentists, dental specialists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons in practice, and dentists who worked in university dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery centers. The survey was performed between 1 October 2020 and 31 March 2021. Results: A total of 309 dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons in private practice and 18 dentists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons working at universities participated. A total of 209 (86.7%) study participants working in private practice indicated that the topic of rare diseases should be considered clinically relevant. University participants indicated that there was a lecture on rare diseases in only 7 (63.6%) cases. Only 2 (13.3%) participants reported active research on the topic in their department. Conclusions: The current knowledge on rare diseases is inadequate in suitable screening and therapy. Most of the participants believed that knowledge of rare diseases was very important for daily dental practice. The self-estimations showed that all of the participants estimated their knowledge as very good or inadequate, with a tendency in the direction of inadequate knowledge.

Participation Constraints of University Student-athletes in Selected Sports in Kenya

Participation in sports plays an important role in university students’ lives, such as the development of a healthy lifestyle and the promotion of education. However, there is low participation in sports in universities which may be due to various constraints experienced or perceived by university students. The purpose of this study was to examine constraints hindering university student-athletes participation in sports activities. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and questionnaires to collect data. Respondents were male (n=198) and female (n=191) student-athletes from public and private universities in Kenya, participating in six selected sports. T-tests and One-way analysis of variance were used to test hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that participation in sports was most affected by structural constraints and least affected by social-cultural constraints. There were significant differences between male and female student-athletes in regard to structural constraints, (t = -2.21, p=0.03) and interpersonal constraints t = 1.14, p = 0.02). There was a significant difference of private and public institutions with regard to structural (t = .39, p=0.01) and intrapersonal constraints (t = 0.69, p=0.03). Female students significantly experienced more constraints than male student-athletes. Student-athletes from public universities experienced more constraints than those from private universities. Universities should encourage students to use sports facilities by coming up with more facilities and a favorable environment. Secondly, Kenyan universities should put in place structured sports programs for student-athletes. University students’ perceptions about sports should be enhanced in order to reduce the constraints that hinder their participation in sports. A longitudinal study is recommended to investigate sports participation constraints of student-athletes throughout their campus life and thereafter.

Identity and heritage language learning: a case study of two mixed-heritage Korean university students in New Zealand

Abstract This narrative case study examines the identity development of two mixed-heritage (Korean/White and Korean/Japanese) university students in relation to Korean as a heritage language (HL) in New Zealand. The narratives of the two participants (Mia and Hannah) revealed that they grew up with different levels of exposure to the HL, which impacted their HL proficiency, and experienced different struggles with identity construction. While Mia’s White appearance helped her explore multiple ethnic/cultural identities, Hannah was deemed completely non-White by White New Zealanders, assigned a minority “Asian” identity, and subjected to racial discrimination. The dominant group’s confusion about intra-race mixedness and perceptions of Hannah as non-mixed complicated her situation. Hannah had little access to a majority heritage (New Zealander) identity, but also found her specific heritage identities occluded by an imposed single (“Asian”) identity. Nonetheless, on entering university both participants showed a strong desire to embrace their Koreanness through HL education or socialization with coethnic peers. HL learning played a crucial role in their construction of mixed-heritage identity; for Mia, the HL was valuable social capital, while for Hannah, the HL was a means of claiming her ethnic identity. This study highlights the complexity and plurality of mixed-heritage identities and offers implications for educators.

Leveraging a multidimensional linguistic analysis of constructed responses produced by college readers.

The goal of this study was to assess the relationships between computational approaches to analyzing constructed responses made during reading and individual differences in the foundational skills of reading in college readers. We also explored if these relationships were consistent across texts and samples collected at different institutions and texts. The study made use of archival data that involved college participants who produced typed constructed responses under thinking aloud instructions reading history and science texts. They also took assessments of vocabulary knowledge and proficiency in comprehension. The protocols were analyzed to assess two different ways to determine their cohesion. One approach involved assessing how readers established connections with themselves (i.e., to other constructed responses they produced). The other approach involved assessing connections between the constructed responses and the texts that were read. Additionally, the comparisons were made by assessing both lexical (i.e., word matching) and semantic (i.e., high dimensional semantic spaces) comparisons. The result showed that both approaches for analyzing cohesion and making the comparisons were correlated with vocabulary knowledge and comprehension proficiency. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.

Does university participation facilitate young people’s citizenship behaviour in the UK?

ABSTRACT Universities can be understood as a key site for the transmission of democratic values by helping young people participate directly in democratic activities and education. Thus, it is important to understand whether and how citizenship learning takes place at universities in the UK. This article uses citizenship in transition (CiT) data to examine the possible ways in which university experiences influence student citizenship from a constructivist learning perspective. Based on Habermas’ theories of communicative action and communities of practice, the article proposes that the experience of participating in activities and organisations and the self-identity that is gained by reaching understanding, coordinating interaction, and effecting socialisation at universities are able to promote citizenship learning in the UK. Building on a quantitative analysis, this article shows that students’ sense of belonging to their universities and their participation in organisations generally lead to more civic behaviour in the future.

Correlation between optical coherence tomography angiography macular parameters with optical coherence tomography structural parameters in primary open angle glaucoma (a longitudinal descriptive study)

Background: There is growing evidence indicating that glaucoma pathogenesis is attributed to vascular dysfunction.Aim: compare the macular circulation in normal individuals and glaucomatous patients in the superficial as well as the deep retinal plexuses, to determine and characterize macular circulation deficits in glaucoma along with correlating them with structural macular OCT parameters Methods: descriptive study included 100 eyes of 100 participants who were selected randomly from attendants of ophthalmology outpatient clinic in Beni-suef university hospital Participants were subjected to 24-2 SITA- standard automated VF test using SAP ,OCT ONH examination and OCTA (Macula) Results: IOP showed significant negative moderate to strong linear correlation with all the Macular Parameters in Glaucoma Participants. These correlations were highly significant; (p-values <0.001). All measurements of superficial and deep macular venues plexuses by studied macular OCTA was statistically significantly lower in glaucomatous as compared to non-glaucomatous participants; (p-values <0.001). Conclusion: There was a reduction in VD in particular that of superficial layer in POAG patients in macular region, according to OCTA measurements. Glaucomatous eyes have a significantly sparser superficial VD in the macula when compared to healthy eyes, and these VD assessments are significantly accompanied by the severity of VF destruction and OCT structural affection.

College Student Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this review was to systematically review the published research on the effect of physical activity (PA) interventions on PA behavior among university students. A PA intervention was defined as participants engaging in PA and measuring changes in PA from pre- to post-intervention. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) published in peer-reviewed English-language journals, (2) included undergraduate university students, (3) implemented a PA intervention, and 4) assessed PA via self-report or direct measures. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. PA interventions were more effective than other techniques or control settings in improving PA behavior in university student participants. The review discusses sample characteristics, study design, PA behavior measurement, PA intervention implementation, and the theoretical frameworks of the studies, along with limitations of the research and suggestions for future researchers.

Mining clusters with the participation of regional universities

Mining industry is the backbone of economy, and its development makes a significant contribution to economic growth and financial prosperity not only in a region but also in a country as a whole. The mining industry faces many challenges, including the major environmental concerns. The existing industrial problems dictate finding and mastering novel technologies. Furthermore, it is extremely important to replenish depleted mineral resources and mineral reserves and other assets. This article considers regional universities as a necessary element to support the industrial development. A modern university is becoming a much more multifunctional agency with great potential, capable of making a significant contribution to the economy of a region and a country, and of integrating into clusters with industrial enterprises and other interested institutions. A new approach to the socioeconomic development is required—transformational business. The aim is to encourage universities to play a creative role in the social and economic development in terms of academic business activities with focus on the priorities of the government activity and industry advancement. When creating integrated corporate structures, it is expected to obtain positive synergistic effects due to a significant increase in the potential of the cluster thank to scaled-up production, integration and combination of assets, use of excess capacity of participants, improved quality of management, reduced transaction costs, and exploitation of the image of the cluster. The long-term investment in digitalization can bring positive modifications in the strategic management and determine beneficial and sustainable development of the cluster.

Company and perceiver characteristics influencing willingness to invest in female‐versus male‐led start‐up companies in STEM and non‐STEM fields

AbstractGiven disparities in the number and success of female relative to male‐led businesses, the current program of research tested whether gender‐based company cues, employment sector (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics [STEM] vs. non‐STEM) and CEO gender lead to disparities in willingness to invest in start‐up companies. Using both university (Study 1) and community samples from the United States (Study 2 A and 2B), we assessed intentions to invest in hypothetical STEM and non‐STEM companies led by male and female CEOs with equivalent qualifications. In Study 1, university participants viewed STEM companies more favorably when the CEO was a man and viewed non‐STEM companies more favorably when the CEO was a woman. Study 2 A additionally demonstrated that STEM companies are typified by agentic traits and non‐STEM companies by communal traits underlying many gender stereotypes. Although the community sample (Study 2B) did not differ in perceptions of male and female CEOs in STEM companies, perceived communality for women‐led non‐STEM companies and perceived agency for women‐led STEM companies elicited favorability. Demographic differences in the two samples may explain variation in results.

Sex robots and personality: It is more about sex than robots

Examining the links between personality traits and attitudes toward sex robots can provide insights into who may desire such machines, and why. This online study thus examined the associations between the Big-Five, traits related to sexuality, technology, and (sexual) novelty, and people's willingness to engage with and perceived appropriateness of using sex robots in a convenience sample of 492 adults (≥18 years; 283 ciswomen, 171 cismen, and 37 non-binary and gender nonconforming individuals with access to the recruitment material on social media, the Concordia University participant pool, or flyers/word-of-mouth in the Montreal Community). Correlational analyses showed that willingness to engage with and perceived appropriateness of using sex robots were more closely related to erotophilia and sexual sensation seeking than any other traits. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs and independent samples t-tests with Bonferroni corrections also showed that cismen and non-binary/gender nonconforming individuals were more willing to engage with sex robots and perceive their use as more appropriate than ciswomen. These findings suggest that erotophilic individuals seeking novel or more intense sexual experiences may be(come) the primary users of sex robots and influence their development. These findings are important given the growing place of technology in our intimate lives and relationships.