College Basketball Games Research Articles

“We do revolve our lives around it” – The meaning and significance of being a collegiate women’s basketball fan among older women

When individuals engage in social contexts such as attending a college basketball game, opportunities to enrich and broaden social connections with others often transpire. The University of Notre Dame Women’s Basketball (NDWB) program has a comparably larger and more loyal fan base than most universities in the country, of which older women comprise a big portion of season ticket holders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivations and meanings of being a NDWB season ticket holder among older women. Nineteen participants ages 55–85 years old completed individual interviews. The findings indicated that being season ticket holders fostered a strong sense of identification with the team, allowing them to have a sense of pride of being part of the program. Additionally, being season ticket holders enabled the older women to enhance their social contacts and friendships with other women that fostered a sense of community.

Stan Hochman, Unfiltered: 50 Years of Wit and Wisdom from the Groundbreaking Sportswriter

Stan Hochman, Unfiltered: 50 Years of Wit and Wisdom from the Groundbreaking Sportswriter

Surprise Signals Changing Affective Experiences in Naturalistic Sports Spectating

What role does surprise play in a spectating experience? In this issue of Neuron, Antony etal. (2021) develop and validate a model of surprise to characterize the psychological and neurobiological processes underlying sports fans' experiences as they watch the final minutes of NCAA college basketball games.

Basketball and drugs: Wastewater-based epidemiological estimation of discharged drugs during basketball games in Kentucky

High school sports gather a significantly larger number of fans than college and professional sports in the U.S. Adolescent and adult students in high schools and colleges (aged 12–25) are among the most vulnerable population to substance use. Event planners, risk managers, and emergency medical service personnel can extrapolate the mass loads of drugs in wastewater in this study to evaluate the spectator behavior in relatively larger basketball gatherings. Thirty-three illicit and prescribed psychotic drug residues (out of target 36) and five new psychoactive substances (NPS, out of target 40) were quantified in wastewater, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, discharged during a college and a high school basketball games that were played in the same stadium in Kentucky. The wastewater concentrations of amphetamine, methylphenidate, hydromorphone were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.040) during a high school basketball game whereas cocaine, hydrocodone, and gabapentin was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.006) in a college basketball game. Higher cocaine to its metabolite ratio suggested that a significant amount of cocaine may have directly discharged down the drain during the college basketball game. Two synthetic cathinones (methcathinone and 4-methyl pentedrone) and three other NPSs (4-ANPP, mCPP, and 4-methylamphetamine) were also quantified in wastewater indicate the prevalence of NPSs in Kentucky. This is the first report of quantified substances of potential abuses at basketball games.

Teaching Effect and Improvement Model of College Basketball Sports Based on Big Data Analysis

Basketball has a large audience in colleges and universities(CAU) in China. College basketball has developed rapidly, and its attention has been increasing. It has promoted the disruptive change of Internet technology and brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to competitive sports information systems. The purpose of this article is to study the effect and improvement model of college basketball sports teaching based on big data analysis (BDA). On the basis of systematically combing the characteristics, concepts, and development trends of big data, this study analyzes the teaching effects and improvement models of basketball sports in China’s CAU in the context of the era. The research results show that 60.8% of CAU in China currently use big data technology in basketball sports, which can promote the development of college basketball games, improve athletes’ level of competition, and enhance the enjoyment and interest of basketball games. In addition, 90.6% of college physical education teachers believe that teaching based on BDA can also effectively help the team’s daily training, arrange training plans for coaches and give guidance.

The experience of ego threat in the public arena: A study of air ball shots performance in collegiate basketball

AbstractPerformance following ego threat has often been studied in the laboratory under conditions, which may limit external validity. In the current investigation, Men’s college basketball games were studied focusing on attempts at shot that completely missed the basket and are thus known colloquially as “air ball” shots (ABS). When an away player launches an ABS, the home crowd is likely to recite in unison an “air ball, air ball” chant (ABC) to single him out for a uniquely subpar performance. Similar poor performance by a home player is almost always ignored. An archival exploration showed that away players who shot an ABS had a lower success rate in the shot immediately after, as compared to home players launching an ABS, however, this difference was unrelated to ABC. Also, players with a better shooting ability were better able to deal with the debilitating effects. The results expand ego threat research and are discussed in the context of ego‐depletion and a model is proposed to predict performance quality in social context when the negative feedback is delivered by partisans and one’s knowledge of his skill level is known.

Market evidence against widespread point shaving in college basketball

This paper proposes using market-based information to investigate the likelihood of widespread point shaving in college basketball games with strong favorites. Information embodied in pre-game money lines facilitates the calculation of the market's expectation that the game will end with a strong favorite winning but not covering the point spread, a result deemed suspicious in previous studies. Additional market-based information embodied in second-half lines reveal how the market's expectation about second-half play differs from pre-game expectations. Applying our methodology to college basketball reduces previous estimates of the percentage of games thought to be consistent with potential point shaving to insignificant levels. Our approach can apply to other sports in which strong favorites are common.

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 2:太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボール4部Bリーグでの戦い

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 2:太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボール4部Bリーグでの戦い

Performance profile of NCAA Division I men's basketball games and training sessions.

This study aimed to analyse live and stoppage time phases, their ratio, and action played on half and full court in college basketball games. Differences were assessed for the entire games and between halves. Moreover, differences of the live/stoppage time ratio were analysed between games and game-based conditioning drills. Ten games as well as fifteen defensive, fourteen offensive and six scrimmage-type drills of the same division I men's college team (13 players) were analysed using time-motion analysis technique. Live and stoppage time were classified in five classes of duration: 1-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, >80 seconds. Half court actions started and finished in the same half court. Full court actions were classified as transfer (TR) phases when at least 3 teammates crossed the mid-court line. TR phases were then classified in 5 classes of frequency: 1TR, 2TR, 3TR, 4TR, and >4TR. The results revealed no statistically significant differences between games or between halves for the considered parameters. The only significant difference was observed for live/stoppage time ratio between halves (p<0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference of the live/stoppage ratio was found between games and game-based drills (p<0.01). Post-hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences of scrimmage-type drills in comparison to games, and defensive and offensive drills (p<0.05), whereas no differences emerged for the other pairwise comparisons. The absence of differences between games in the analysed parameters might be important to characterize the model of performance in division I men's college games. Furthermore, these results encourage coaches to use game-based conditioning drills to replicate the LT/ST ratio documented during games.

English

English

A case study in sports law analytics: The debate on widespread point shaving

This study outlines the evolution of academic literature generated in response to Wolfers's (2006) widespread- point-shaving hypothesis, which put forward that roughly 1% of college basketball games involve gambling-related corruption. Researchers attempted to replicate Wolfers' findings in a variety of settings, examined the logistics involved in the act of point shaving, developed a theoretical model of team strategy, and used a variety of other novel approaches to better understand the root cause of the suspicious statistical anomalies identified. It offers evidence that sports analytics research is highly robust in academic settings because the methods employed and inferences drawn are subjected to the scrutiny of competing researchers having dissenting opinions and a strong incentive to publish.

Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line

Choking under pressure represents a phenomenon in which individuals faced with a high-pressure situation do not perform as well as would be expected were they performing under normal conditions. In this article, I identify determinants that predict a basketball player’s susceptibility to choking under pressure. Identification of these determinants adds to our understanding of players’ psychology at pivotal points in the game. My analysis draws on play-by-play data from ESPN.com that feature over 2 million free-throw attempts in women’s and men’s college and professional basketball games from the 2002-2013 seasons. Using regression analysis, I explore the impact of both gender and level of professionalism on performance in high-pressure situations. I find that in the final 30 seconds of a tight game, Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association players are 5.81 and 3.11 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, while female and male college players are 2.25 and 2.09 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, though statistical significance cannot be established among National Collegiate Athletic Association women. The discrepancy in choking between college and professional players is pronounced when comparing male college players who do and do not make it to the professional level; the free-throw performance of those destined to go pro falls 6 percentage points more in high-pressure situations. Finally, I find that women and men do not differ significantly in their propensity to choke.

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 5 太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボールリーグ戦3部リーグでの戦い

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 5 太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボールリーグ戦3部リーグでの戦い

Launching a Wellness Revolution at Spelman College

[Author Affiliation]Beverly Daniel Tatum. Spelman College, Atlanta, GA.Address correspondence to: Beverly Daniel Tatum, PhD, President, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane, SW, Box 616, Atlanta, GA 30314-4399, E-mail: BTatum@spelman.eduThe idea came to me at a Spelman College basketball game. I was mulling over a problem as I watched our team, the Spelman Jaguars, charge up and down the court. The problem in the winter of 2012 was that our NCAA Division III athletic conference was disintegrating. Our seven-school conference had dwindled to only four, not enough to maintain our conference status. Should we travel further and find another conference to join? Doing so would add expense. I had just learned that there were only 80 students participating in our intercollegiate athletic program, barely enough to cover the seven sports we offered and, to my surprise, the cost of the current program was close to $1 million. I also knew that our wellness program, offering popular activities such as Zumba, aqua aerobics, and yoga, was attracting more than 300 participants each week, yet those offerings were constrained by space availability, often forced to work around the practice schedule of our sports teams. As I watched the game that day, it occurred to me that the players on the court would probably not be playing much basketball after graduation. Certainly, we were not preparing professional athletes. I wondered whether they would even play recreationally beyond college. If not, what would they be doing instead to maintain their physical fitness? Running? Walking? Swimming? Tennis? Golf? Zumba? The idea of shifting our resources to invest in a campus-wide wellness initiative that would benefit all of our students as an alternative to NCAA participation began to take shape. With the endorsement of the Spelman College faculty and the approval of the board of trustees, we decided to withdraw from NCAA Division III intercollegiate athletics, effective May 2013, and dramatically expand our campus Wellness Program. We decided to launch a wellness revolution at Spelman College.The health case was compelling. Spelman College is a historically black college for women, and almost all of our students are African American. Whether it is diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or stroke, black women are more likely to suffer from these ailments and die from them--early.1 All are linked to obesity and lack of physical activity. Approximately four of five African American women are overweight or obese, and they are more likely to be physically inactive than their white counterparts, a potentially deadly combination.2 We realized that we could change our students' health trajectory and, through their influence, affect their home communities as well. We could launch a wellness literacy movement by teaching the fundamentals--how to eat better, move more, and sleep well. In particular, we could encourage those fitness activities most likely to be maintained after college, developing habits of the body as as the mind, habits that will ultimately support a lifetime of healthy living.Eat better, move more, sleep well is the rallying cry of our wellness revolution. We have made changes in our cafeteria--smaller dinner plates, larger salad bar, more flavored waters, fewer soda dispensers, a Fab line for entrees that are 500 calories or less, and nutritional information clearly posted--to encourage healthy choices and we have had campus presentations on the importance of getting enough sleep. But, our biggest focus has been on more. Desirable body size is subject to cultural interpretation, and black women do not want European standards of beauty imposed upon them. A program emphasizing weight loss may motivate some, but will discourage others. However, with or without weight loss, moving more can benefit everyone. …

Cheating the spread: gamblers, point shavers, and game fixers in college football and basketball

Delving into the history of gambling and corruption in intercollegiate sports, Cheating the Spread recounts all of the major gambling scandals in college football and basketball. Digging through court records, newspapers, government documents, and university archives and conducting private interviews, Albert J. Figone finds that game rigging has been pervasive and nationwide throughout most of the sports' history. The insidious practice has spread to implicate not only bookies and unscrupulous gamblers but also college administrators, athletic organizers, coaches, fellow students, and the athletes themselves. Naming the players, coaches, gamblers, and go-betweens involved, Figone discusses numerous college basketball and football games reported to have been fixed and describes the various methods used to gain unfair advantage, inside information, or undue profit. His survey of college football includes early years of gambling on games between established schools such as Yale, Princeton, and Harvard; Notre Dame's All-American halfback and skilled gambler George Gipp; and the 1962 allegations of insider information between Alabama coach Paul Bear Bryant and former Georgia coach James Wallace Wally Butts; and many other recent incidents. Notable events in basketball include the 1951 scandal involving City College of New York and six other schools throughout the East Coast and the Midwest; the 1961 point-shaving incident that put a permanent end to the Dixie Classic tournament; the 1978 scheme in which underworld figures recruited and bribed several Boston College players to ensure a favorable point spread; the 1994-95 Northwestern scandal in which players bet against their own team; and other recent examples of compromised gameplay and gambling.

Price movements and the prevalence of informed traders: The case of line movement in college basketball

Recent research has hypothesized that a higher concentration of informed traders in a market implies that prices are more efficient. A reasonable next question is whether large price movements in markets with a relatively more informed clientele are more indicative of information realization. We find line movements in college basketball games of relatively low profile, denoted by the lack of a “power conference” team in the contest, are significantly more likely to be the result of information realization. This confirms that substantial price changes in markets with fewer ordinary traders are more (less) likely indicative of information flow (noise).

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 3:太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボール4部Aリーグでの戦い

大学男子バスケットボール競技におけるゲーム分析 3:太成学院大学の関西学生バスケットボール4部Aリーグでの戦い

Determining Factors Influencing the Outcome of College Basketball Games

While a number of statistics are collected during an NCAA Division I men’s college basketball game, it is potentially of interest to universities, coaches, players, and fans to which these statistics are most significant in determining wins and losses. To this end, statistics were collected from two seasons of games and analyzed using logistic and least squares regression methods. The differences between the two competing teams in four common statistics were found to be significant to determining victory: assists, free throw attempts, defensive rebounds, and turnovers. The models were then used with data from the 2011-2012 Season to verify the accuracy of the models. The point spread model was also used with 2013 March Madness game statistics.

Race as Region, Region as Race: How Black and White Southerners Understand Their Regional Identities

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The is virtually inconceivable without sustained attention to race, yet most scholarly examinations of southern identity have focused almost exclusively on the experiences of white southerners, ignoring the experiences of other racial groups in the region, most particularly black southerners. A similar phenomenon occurs in everyday conversations about the evidenced by the well-worn habit of talking about when actually referring to white southerners. For example, most of us, at one time or another, have heard, or perhaps even said, that are racist or owned slaves. Such statements implicitly connect being southern with being white. (1) The lay and academic tendency to equate southernness and whiteness is troubling when one considers that, in today's black southerners living in the region are slightly more likely to claim a southern identity than whites are. According to polls conducted throughout the 1990s, about 78 percent of African Americans living in the region claimed to be southern, compared to 75 percent of whites. Many scholars of the South have asserted that African Americans are now starting to reclaim their southern identity after the demise of Jim Crow. Noting that African Americans are returning to the South in large numbers, historian Edward Ayers argues that for some black Americans the South may be seen as a homeland. Even so, Ayers argues that there is a different moral geography for blacks and whites in the South. Writing in 1996, he noted that black southerners did not have flags or monuments to connect them with the official South, but they were connected to the region by their own sweat and sacrifice and by places of personal meaning--certain farms, houses, and streets. (2) Today, the region's African Americans still have few monuments dedicated to the memory of their cultural contributions and sacrifices, yet black southerners' labor, and often their blood, played an important and essential role in the development of the region. In an environment characterized by brutal racial oppression, white supremacy, slavery, segregation, and violence, black southerners raised crops, built roads, labored in coal mines, raised white children, and were vital in creating an infrastructure and a way of life that supported and enabled the prosperity of many whites. The recent work by journalist Douglas A. Blackmon on the convict leasing system reminds us that the forced and exploited labor of black southerners allowed for the growth of many corporations that still enjoy great prosperity today. (3) Looking at the recent history of the it appears that the demise of Jim Crow has created both the opportunity and the increasing desire of black southerners to assert their own identity as southerners. We began to see a contested view of southern identity in the 1990s, as black southerners sought to remove Confederate flags from state capitals, to change state flags that incorporated the Confederate battle flag into their designs, to stop the playing of Dixie at college football and basketball games, and to challenge the use of public money for the upkeep of Confederate memorials. At the same time, cultural conflicts over the meaning of southern identity between blacks and whites have led to increasing efforts by white southerners to hold onto symbols of the Confederate past. James C. Cobb argues that identity-challenged white southerners--middle and upper-class southern whites who have become increasingly assimilated into mainstream America, but still long for and wish to hold onto their southern identity--now feel that their heritage is under siege. (4) This activism suggests that at least some black southerners are reclaiming their identity as southerners, but what do we really know about how black southerners perceive their regional identity? Do these discussions concerning black southern identity, which often take place within the realm of academia, really reflect the experiences and concerns of black southerners, or is this a case where academic analysis does not really connect with the lives and concerns of everyday folks? …

Are Sports Betting Markets Prediction Markets?

Researchers commonly use sports betting lines as predictions of the outcome of sporting events. Betting houses set betting lines conditional on bettors ex ante beliefs about game outcomes, which implies that the predictive power of the sports betting market could be an unintended consequence of betting house profit maximization. Using this insight, the authors propose a new test of the predictive power of the sports betting market, which incorporates a seldom-used piece of complementary betting information: the over/under—the predicted sum of scores for a game. Since the over/under has the same market properties as the betting line, it should be similarly predictive about the actual outcome, while if bettors have different beliefs about this game feature it need not be predictive. Using the universe of betting lines and over/unders on National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college football, and NCAA college basketball games from 2004 to 2010, the authors test the predictive power of the sports betting market in a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) structure that allows us to characterize both features of the betting market simultaneously. The joint test reveals that while the betting line is an accurate predictor of the margin of victory, the over/under is a poor predictor of the sum of scores. The authors consistently reject the hypothesis that the sports betting market overall functions well as a prediction market.