Collective Trust Research Articles

“I trust how it works — It is a democracy!” Young citizens on trust, information, civic engagement, and democracy

The objective of this paper is to investigate and discuss young Danish citizens' trust in information, citizenship, and democracy with a focus on the intersecting conditions for their civic engagement and democratic citizenship. The argument and the findings connect three points that strongly relate to questions of trust and distrust: Young citizens are the bearers of future sustainable democracy; Informed citizenship redefined is a vital element in the foundation of sustainable democracy; civic engagement and democratic citizenship depend on the collective trust in allowing new forms of information and informed citizenship, and to support young generations' development of democratic self-efficacy. Empirically, the paper draws on a case study that investigates the problem through 16- to 24-year-old Danes' narratives. The theoretical framing combines conceptions of trust to reduce complexity, the interdependency of trust and distrust, and rationality as an essential motivation for relying on trust.

The impact of surveillance cameras and community safety activities on crime prevention: Evidence from Kakogawa City, Japan

While surveillance cameras are widely used for crime prevention in living environments, the interplay between such physical measures and community safety activities remains less understood. This study is grounded in Kakogawa city in Japan, which was once noted for a high crime rate and is now one of the most-surveilled cities in the nation. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess public attitudes towards local security, surveillance cameras and community safety activities among 116 citizens, with data analysed through both quantitative (ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation) and qualitative (Kawakita-Jiro method) approaches. The study reveals a high level of safety perception, with both physical and social measures contributing. The acceptance of cameras is notably high and scarcely affected by demographics or personal experiences, largely due to local government's efforts to build collective trust. While the current level of community participation is insufficient, citizens perceive safety activities as irreplaceable by surveillance cameras, indicating that both should be concurrently promoted to enhance crime prevention initiatives. This study provides insights into the non-substitutable relationship between physical and social prevention measures and offers policy recommendations, including emphasising public involvement in implementing security devices and promoting the publicity of localised safety activities.

Development of Trustworthiness for Cloud Service Providers Using DBN-Based Trust Model in Cloud Computing Environment

In order to facilitate diverse computing resources and services, cloud computing has evolve into a promising paradigm on-demand over the internet. To access services, cloud users have to rely on third-party service providers. Choosing a suitable Cloud Service Provider (CSP) with a raise in available cloud services in order to deliver the service safely is considered a serious concern for users. Regrettably, there are various problems that minimize the growth of cloud computing, like privacy, security loss, and control. The security issue is regarded as the most important element that could avoid the evolution of cloud computing. In the cloud environment, to handle the user’s requests, trust measures play a significant role when choosing appropriate service providers. Therefore, trustworthiness evaluation of CSP prior to choosing it to facilitate the service has become a significant obligation in cloud environment. In this work, a trust model, Deep Behavioral Feedback Quality of Service and Statistics based trust (Deep BFQS-trust), is developed to calculate trustworthiness of CSP based on its feedback and behavior, QoS and statistics-based given by the users. Also, to calculate behavioral trust values, various QoS attributes are considered. In order to maintain and calculate feedback trust value for service provider, diverse parameters from service level agreement are utilized. By computing the collective trust, trustworthiness of cloud service provider is judged that is computed by these trust factors. Moreover, the weights of the collective trust are determined by employing Deep belief network (DBN) model. Finally, the proposed Deep BFQS-trust technique is compared with the existing approaches, and exhibits that the proposed model attained utmost trustworthiness and successful interaction with the values of 0.860 and 0.888, respectively.

Enacting the Anti-fascist Body: Somaterapia as Collective Liberatory Becoming

I introduce the practice of somaterapia (somatherapy), an eclectic synthesis of Gestalt therapy, capoeira Angola, anti-psychiatry, collective trust exercises, radical pedagogy, and anarchism developed as an anti-fascist practice aimed at healing the violence of oppressive forms of social organisation as they manifest in bodies. Somaterapia takes an immanent and materialist view on what constitutes a body, eschewing mind-body dualisms and transcendent forms of organisation in lieu of an affective somatic reality. The fascisms somaterapia thus seeks to eliminate are not just the macro-fascisms of the political milieu, but also the micro-fascisms that stem from and reciprocally enrich these, forming blockages of libidinal energy or tesaõ that affect everything from our thoughts and our posture to how we treat ourselves and how we treat each other. In this sense somaterapia has much in common with the enactivist view of cognition. Like somaterapia, enactivism sees brains, bodies and environments as complex, reciprocally presupposing imbrications of nested autonomous systems sustaining themselves through the maintenance and exploration of ongoing adaptive tensions between self-production and self-distinction. Viewing somaterapia through the lens of enactivism thus allows us to potentially enrich the anti-fascist potential of this revolutionary practice. 1

The Royal Treatment

The Royal Treatment

SCFS-securing flying ad hoc network using cluster-based trusted fuzzy scheme

AbstractFlying Ad hoc Networks have emerged as a promising technology for number of real-time applications. However, the flexible and unstructured characteristics of these networks make them vulnerable to security threats posed by malicious nodes, such as denial of service attacks, node impersonation, and information breaches. Another major issue is the consideration of those nodes being unable to prove their trustworthiness due to factors like hardware or software failure, or by link interruptions, during the processing of detection of false nodes in the network. The existing mechanisms encompassing encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection highlight limitations to secure real-time applications and services due to the high speed of flying nodes and the absence of fixed network structures. To overcome these constraints, this research paper incorporates a novel framework for evaluating and improving the security of network by introducing an innovative cluster-based approach. Moreover, it presents a fuzzy model that dynamically estimates the trust levels of both individual nodes and clusters, by assigning weight to the parameters to address vulnerabilities. Additionally, a trust reconfiguration mechanism is further proposed to address the issue of nodes unable to substantiate their trust by providing them with additional chances based on the collective trust from previous evaluations. Further, the paper incorporates a dynamic reputation system to proficiently identify and separate malicious and selfish nodes from the network. Simulation results indicate a significant improvement in performance metrics, with a considerable reduction in delay and drop ratio by 41.46% and 36.37%, respectively, while the sufficient rise of 54.71% and 46.05% in throughput and coverage, respectively, comparing with the considered state-of-art.

Why Should my Group Trust Yours? Collective Trust and Trustworthiness Under Economic Shocks

Why Should my Group Trust Yours? Collective Trust and Trustworthiness Under Economic Shocks

Charismatic Leadership of School Heads, Workplace Spirituality and Values: A Structural Equation Model on Collective Trust of Teachers

Charismatic Leadership of School Heads, Workplace Spirituality and Values: A Structural Equation Model on Collective Trust of Teachers

‘Kinship like I've never experienced before’: Modern mechanical solidarity on the Appalachian trail network

Emile Durkheim (1858–1917) believed that mechanical solidarity–a type of social solidarity that emerges from the homogeneity of actors' social realities–is only able to flourish in traditional societies. The current study challenges that assertion by demonstrating that in modern-day America, mechanical solidarity plays a prominent role in creating the uniquely generous, trusting culture in the thru-hiking community of the Appalachian Trail (A.T.) network. This mixed-methods study used 10 semi-structured, ethnographic interviews and 97 survey questionnaire responses from current or former thru-hikers of the A.T. network. Hikers indicated in survey data that they see themselves as part of a hiking community. All respondents reported valuing collective trust, mutual respect, generosity, emotional support; and engaging in community-minded practices. Respondent's collective values, along with the common environment and shared goals that they possess as thru-hikers, produce a sense of collective consciousness–and thus, mechanical solidarity–in the thru-hiking community of the A.T. network.

Community benefit agreements for solar energy: Examining values, preferences and perceived benefits in the United States using a discrete choice experiment

Large-scale solar energy developments bring significant environmental and community benefits, but they can also impose negative impacts, particularly on host communities. Community Benefit Agreements (CBAs) have emerged as a strategy to mitigate these adverse effects. This study examines community preferences regarding CBAs associated with large-scale solar farms. Our investigation focuses on two critical CBAs aspects: the choice between mandated or voluntary implementation and the preference for private or collective benefit distribution. Additionally, we explore how individual values shape community members' attitudes towards solar technology. Our findings reveal a clear preference within the surveyed community for privately distributing benefits over establishing a collective trust fund, and for voluntary implementation rather than government mandates. However, it is essential to recognize that the community is not monolithic and can be placed into three classes: a minority of solar-reluctant individuals (7.5 %), a significant solar-receptive group (24.2 %), and a substantial disengaged majority (68.3 %). Among these groups, the solar-receptive segment displays the most interest in private benefits; yet, they favor government-mandated agreements. Moreover, values play a significant role in shaping preferences within each group, with biospherism correlating with greater support for mandated, private benefits among respondents in the reluctant and receptive groups. Conversely, hedonistic values predict a greater inclination among the reluctant group to live further away from solar developments. Based on these findings, policies should prioritize voluntary, private benefit distribution while remaining adaptable to align with community preferences. Engaging community members in the decision-making can help tailor solutions that resonate with their values and preferences.

The Social Construction of the Rebo Wekasan Ritual in Building Collective Trust in the Karundang Tengah Community to Increase Social Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Rebo Wekasan ritual which has become a tradition in various regions of the archipelago aims to seek safety from the arrival of danger and is a form of guarding or rejecting reinforcements and asking to be protected from harm. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Rebo Wekasan as a ritual in building the collective trust of the Karundang community as an effort to grow social resilience in a pandemic. This study uses social construction theory. The approach used is qualitative by interviewing the leader of the neighborhood association, a religious leader, the daughter of a traditional leader, and one citizen. The main results of this research, obtained through thematic analysis, are first, while most people construct the Rebo Wekasan ritual as an effort to reject reinforcements and maintain tradition, some see it as simply an attempt to reduce stress due to the pandemic; second, while these constructions are different, the three of them together can encourage collective resilience in the form of stress reduction; third, related to mechanisms, three ways allow construction to lead to collective resilience, namely through traditional mechanisms, functional mechanisms, and pragmatic mechanisms. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the community's construction of the Rebo Wekasan ritual led to several mechanisms, resulting in community resilience in facing the pandemic.

Third-and Fourth-Tier City Real Estate Collection Trust Plan: Research on Risk Assessment System

With housing price soaring during the past few years, China’s government has adopted a series of policies to control the house market. As a result, housing price can hardly continue to rise and some first-tier cities, even saw a small decrease in the rocketing price. Meanwhile, due to the renovation of shanty towns and the popularity of purchasing property in the hometown, housing price in the majority of third-tier cities doubled and achieved 10,000 yuan per square metre. However, when the renovation of shanty towns ends, most of them lose the support of their property market, which exposes many real estate developers to great pressure. On the other hand, as an important financing method for property developers, how can trust assess the risk of real estate projects in third-tier cities? Based on previous research, this paper chooses Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to assess the particular risk of real estate projects in third and fourth-tier cities. It also uses a real project in a trust company to prove the efficacity of this hierarchy. We found that for trust companies, the ability to collect cash flows and the collateral of guarantees count most when assessing real estate projects in third-tier cities.

Technological Mediation of Photovoltaic System to Improve Rural Sustainability in the Background of Resettlement and Consolidation: Evidence from the Rural Community and Villages in China

Settlement structure is the most essential aspect of rural landscapes and habitations in China. The process of merging rural settlements has given rise to tensions in spatial-social structures, posing significant risks to rural sustainability. However, little research has been undertaken to analyze potential resolutions for the challenges of sustainable development in the context. Based on the technological mediation theory, we used participant observation and interviews to investigate the effects of the photovoltaic system on spatial-social structures, governance patterns, and rural sustainability. By focusing on a representative merger project area situated in Shandong Province, our research revealed that the photovoltaic system improved spatial, social, and governance sustainability in rural areas rather than only the environmental aspect. In the spatial dimension, the photovoltaic system reconstructed domestic spaces and activated scenarios conducive to public life. In the social dimension, it fostered the eradication of disparities in identity and facilitated the reintegration of social networks. In the governance dimension, a large-scale governance pattern supported by mutual interest, collective trust, and the integrated system was developed to successfully resolve emerging problems and ultimately promoted the sustainability of the community–village region. The findings highlight the efficacy of employing technological design as a means to resolve resettlement dilemmas, which could shed light on the elimination of conflicts arising from the interplay between urbanization and sustainability of rural areas.

Assessing the Impact of Confirmation of Rights and Collective Trust on Farmer’s Forestry Management and Protection Behaviour—A Case of Collective Forest Areas in Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces, China

Confirmation of rights and collective trust (interpersonal and institutional) can act as primary factors for facilitating effective forest management and conservation. Collective forests are lands held collectively by either rural or indigenous communities based on a shared history, language, culture, or lineage. It is an institutional arrangement in which communities are involved wholly or partly in decision-making and contribute knowledge and labour to achieve healthy forests and social well-being. Based on the existing literature, the nature of collective forest rights and trust can be derived from social, rather than economic, prospects. Therefore, based on the institutional theory, this study constructs a theoretical framework to verify the impact of the confirmation of rights and trust on farmers’ forestry management conservation behaviour. The empirical setup of the study was comprised of a data set of 682 collective forest farmers in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, China. We utilized the negative binomial regression model to quantify the proposed framework. The main conclusions were as follows. Confirmation of rights and collective trust had a significant positive role in promoting farmers’ forestry management and protection behaviour. Increasing the confirmation of rights and trusts by one unit increased the number of farmers’ forest management and protection by 1.846 and 2.631 times, respectively. The interaction between confirmation and trust did not substantially affect farmers’ behaviour. The diverse forest labour force, the total area of forest land, and the number of forest plots had a significant positive impact, while the head of the village and the number of migrant workers significantly and negatively impacted farmers’ behaviour. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the forestry land rights system and strengthen the trust mechanism so that it can become an effective institutional incentive for farmers to manage and protect forests.

Trust in startups implementing foreign expansion: leader's perspective

The issue of supporting innovation, ensuring inclusive development, using new technologies and entrepreneurial potential is one of the basic elements of the concept of sustainable development, which is reflected, among others, in in EU strategic documents. There is a research gap where entrepreneurship is relatively little researched in the context of trust. Mainstream trust research overlooks entrepreneurship and its special features of placing uncertainty at the heart of its operation, in particular in the information, communication and high technology sector, and therefore among startups. The above results from the still weak research invention regarding the issues of managing these enterprises. Meanwhile, this is an area particularly predestined for research on trust. Therefore, the aim of the article is to try to answer the question about importance and the ways of building trust from the point of view of startup owners.Author used critical review of relevant literature and in-depth interviews to carried out the research in startups implementing foreign expansion outside of Poland. The presented study is part of a wider project, including interviews with leaders of other technology companies, as well as with other employees of selected departments of these companies. This article presents the results of the study of the one of group of leaders who are owners of startups, implementing foreign expansion.The conclusions drawn from the analysis confirm that the challenges underlying the foreign expansion of startups are not only technical, financial, legal or related to tax, etc. but they should be rooted and related to the need to take into account the specificity of the organizational culture of companies in their activities. The conducted research showed a high level of leaders' awareness of the need to build collective trust between employees in the company, but there is a need for systemic development at the institutional level regarding methods and tools that can be used in this regard. The key issue here is the growing importance of the organizational culture of trust built and developed by leaders, based on values. Therefore, the problem of managing startups in this context seems important, so that they can dynamically develop and grow.

Innovative Work Behavior of Catholic High School Teacher In Manado City

This study aims to explain the influence of exemplary leadership, creative climate, collective trust, and commitment to teachers' innovative work behavior. The research method used is a survey. The research sample consisted of 100 teachers spread across five Catholic Senior High Schools (SMA) located in Manado City. The research data were collected using a questionnaire technique and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Based on the results of the study, it shows that both individually and simultaneously, exemplary leadership, creative climate, collective trust, and commitment have a positive and significant effect on teachers' innovative work behavior. The results of the research were discussed and conclusions were drawn as well as suggestions for future research on teachers' innovative work behavior.

Responding to external accountability in high‐performing, high‐capacity public secondary schools in Chile

AbstractThe qualitative study on which this article reports explored how senior leaders, mathematics and Spanish language teachers (N = 72) in four high‐performing, high‐poverty, public secondary schools in Chile enact performance‐based accountability policies related to standardised assessments. These four public schools were selected because prior to when the study was conducted all were part of the Bicentennial Schools Programme led by the Ministry of Education from 2010 to 2014. The aim of the programme was to develop effective secondary schools to serve low‐income students. A thematic analysis of data produced through individual and group interviews and observations of departmental meetings shows that the enactment of performance‐based accountability involved two dimensions of learning‐centred leadership, distributed among senior leaders and department heads. An aim shared by parents, students, teachers and senior leaders was to ensure students' access to, and completion of, studies in higher education. Attaining good scores in national standardised SIMCE tests was key to meeting the vision. Collective trust among all actors and macro level trust in standardised testing served as a resource for strong collaboration to improve instruction and learning as well as teachers' collective efficacy. The discussion focuses on school‐level practices and policy‐level decisions that create conditions for the effective use of information produced from standardised assessments. A key point supported by our findings is that successful performance in external assessments is resourced by, and fosters, trust formation in schools.

Exploring metaphor's communicative effects in reasoning on vaccination.

The paper investigates the impact of the use of metaphors in reasoning tasks concerning vaccination, especially for defeasible reasoning cases. We assumed that both metaphor and defeasible reasoning can be relevant to let people understand vaccination as an important collective health phenomenon, by anticipating possible defeating conditions. We hypothesized that extended metaphor could improve both the argumentative and the communicative effects of the message. We designed an empirical study to test our main hypotheses: participants (N = 196, 78% females; Meanage = 27.97 years, SDage = 10.40) were presented with a text about vaccination, described in either literal or metaphorical terms, based on uncertain vs. safe reasoning scenarios. The results of the study confirmed that defeasible reasoning is relevant for the communicative impact of a text and that an extended metaphor enhances the overall communicative effects of the message, in terms of understandability, persuasion, perceived safety, and feeling of control over the health situation, collective trust in expertise and uptake of experts' advice. However, the results show that this effect is significantly nuanced by the type of defeasible reasoning, especially in the case of participants' trust in expertise and commitment to experts' advice. Both communicative and defeasible reasoning competences are needed to enhance trust in immunization, with possible different outcomes at an individual and collective level.

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm.

The need to understand trust in groups holistically has led to a surge in new approaches to measuring collective trust. However, this construct is often not fully captured in its emergent qualities by the available research methods. In this paper, the Collective Trust Game (CTG) is presented, a computer-based, multi-agent trust game based on the HoneyComb paradigm, which enables researchers to assess the emergence of collective trust. The CTG builds on previous research on interpersonal trust and adapts the widely known Trust Game to a group setting in the HoneyComb paradigm. Participants take on the role of either an investor or trustee; both roles can be played by groups. Initially, investors and trustees are endowed with a sum of money. Then, the investors need to decide how much, if any, of their endowment they want to send to the trustees. They communicate their tendencies as well as their final decision by moving back and forth on a playfield displaying possible investment amounts. At the end of their decision time, the amount the investors have agreed upon is multiplied and sent to the trustees. The trustees have to communicate how much of that investment, if any, they want to return to the investors. Again, they do so by moving on the playfield. This procedure is repeated for multiple rounds so that collective trust can emerge as a shared construct through repeated interactions. With this procedure, the CTG provides the opportunity to follow the emergence of collective trust in real time through the recording of movement data. The CTG is highly customizable to specific research questions and can be run as an online experiment with little, low cost equipment. This paper shows that the CTG combines the richness of group interaction data with the high internal validity and time-effectiveness of economic games.

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

The need to understand trust in groups holistically has led to a surge in new approaches to measuring collective trust. However, this construct is often not fully captured in its emergent qualities by the available research methods. In this paper, the Collective Trust Game (CTG) is presented, a computer-based, multi-agent trust game based on the HoneyComb paradigm, which enables researchers to assess the emergence of collective trust. The CTG builds on previous research on interpersonal trust and adapts the widely known Trust Game to a group setting in the HoneyComb paradigm. Participants take on the role of either an investor or trustee; both roles can be played by groups. Initially, investors and trustees are endowed with a sum of money. Then, the investors need to decide how much, if any, of their endowment they want to send to the trustees. They communicate their tendencies as well as their final decision by moving back and forth on a playfield displaying possible investment amounts. At the end of their decision time, the amount the investors have agreed upon is multiplied and sent to the trustees. The trustees have to communicate how much of that investment, if any, they want to return to the investors. Again, they do so by moving on the playfield. This procedure is repeated for multiple rounds so that collective trust can emerge as a shared construct through repeated interactions. With this procedure, the CTG provides the opportunity to follow the emergence of collective trust in real time through the recording of movement data. The CTG is highly customizable to specific research questions and can be run as an online experiment with little, low cost equipment. This paper shows that the CTG combines the richness of group interaction data with the high internal validity and time-effectiveness of economic games.