Collective Passion Research Articles

Foreword Message from the Chief Editor

Dear Esteemed Colleagues and Readers of Annals of PMC, Assalam-o-Alikum, I hope this message finds you well and filled with the same enthusiasm for scientific discovery that drives us here at Faisalabad Medical University. I Welcome your all to the latest edition of the University journal. It is with great pleasure and pride that I present to you this collection of articles, research highlights, and stories from the diverse world of science at our esteemed institution. In these pages, you will discover the vibrancy and depth of our scientific community, where curiosity knows no bounds and innovation thrives. From the laboratories where groundbreaking discoveries are made to the classrooms where knowledge is shared, our university is a hub of intellectual exploration and collaboration. In the upcoming issue of Scientific Collage Magazine, you can look forward to insightful articles highlighting some of our most recent achievements. These stories not only demonstrate our dedication to scientific excellence but also underscore the tangible contributions we are making to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. This magazine serves as a window into the incredible work being done by the faculties of researchers, and students from various national and international institutions. Each article reflects the dedication, passion, and ingenuity that define an institution's approach to scientific inquiry. As we navigate a world of ever-evolving challenges and opportunities, the importance of scientific research and discovery has never been more apparent. It is our collective responsibility to push the boundaries of knowledge, to seek solutions to pressing global issues, and to inspire the next generation of scientists and innovators. I encourage you to delve into the pages of this issue, where you will find a reflection of the collective passion for discovery and a glimpse into the future of scientific innovation. I extend my heartfelt thanks to all who have contributed to this publication, as well as to our readers for your ongoing support and interest. Together, we continue to shape the future of science and make meaningful contributions to society. Warm regards, PROF. DR. AAMIR HUSSAIN Editor in Chief, Annals of Punjab Medical College (APMC) Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad Pakistan

From Bolton to Brussels and Beyond: Two Women’s Passion for Museums and Collecting

The youngest daughter of one of the northwest of England’s largest cotton magnates, Annie Barlow, was a well-educated and passionate woman. At the time of studying English Literature and History in London in 1880 to 1882 she became involved with the newly formed Egypt Exploration Fund, and at just nineteen years old became one of the first, and youngest, Honorary Local Secretaries for Bolton and the surrounding area—a roll she held for almost sixty years up to her death in 1941. The social circles opened to her by her father and brothers included world business leaders, academics and royalty. Through lectures, exhibitions and many cups of tea, Annie proclaimed the work of the fund across the United Kingdom, while modestly keeping her own efforts unannounced. Her fundraising surpassed that of many other local secretaries and led to the amassing of the largest collection of Egyptology in a local authority museum in the UK at Bolton Museum. Her travels took her far and wide, and she too built a sizeable collection of antiquities. Her passion for history, driven by a desire for educational development and religious devotion, was transmitted to those whom she met. It was through her influence and intimate knowledge of textile production that Bolton and its first curators became a renowned center for textile analysis, with excavators sending material to Bolton to aid their interpretations. During the First World War, Annie and her family homed European refugees. Her support for one girl in particular, Raymonde Frin, became a life-long friendship. Growing up under the wing of Annie, and surrounded by private collections of ancient material, Raymonde developed a passion for archaeology. Annie’s financial legacy directly supported the development of Raymonde’s life. Eventually achieving formal archaeological qualifications, she went on to be an integral part of the newly formed UNESCO museums and monuments division, becoming its first editor for Museums International Magazine, and involved in projects to save Egyptian heritage. This paper will look at the two women, Annie and Raymonde, within the context of women collecting and museum work, and their legacy for collections, in particular Egyptology, to the current day.

Piloting the Mockingbird Family™ in Australia: Experiences of foster carers and agency workers

AbstractGiven that the number of children and young people needing care keeps rising and fewer people are becoming foster carers, efforts to support carers and workers in foster caring are essential. This paper considers the experiences of carers and foster care agency workers involved in Australia's piloting of the Mockingbird Family. With a view understanding experience, data were collected via focus groups with carers and agency workers (n = 20) involved in piloting, implementation and evaluation. Deductive analysis applied the theory of experience to generate understanding of experience, as both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions to capture strengths in the Mockingbird Family's foster caring networks. These dimensions of experience included collective passions of carers and workers; experiential change over time; collective experiences as a moving force; and experiences as transformational. Understanding of experience associated with the perceived strengths of the Mockingbird Family, including strategies to promote strong professional relationships between carers and workers, is an important element in strengthening environments of children and young people in care. Safe and stable environments are crucial for wellbeing.

Revisiting the effect of team passion displayed during national anthems on subsequent success: A replication and extension

ABSTRACT Slater et al. (2018. Singing it for “us”: Team passion displayed during national anthems is associated with subsequent success. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(4), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1431311) found that the perceived level of team passion displayed during (pre-match) national anthems at UEFA Euro 2016 predicted team performance during the match. Teams that displayed greater passion conceded fewer goals and team passion predicted the likelihood of victory during the knockout (but not group) stages. Here, we replicate Slater et al. using a larger sample of matches from the FIFA World Cup (n = 415), and apply more appropriate analyses, and control for potential confounds. We also extend the original study to consider additional performance-related outcome variables (fouls, bookings, and possession). We find no evidence that anthem passion was a reliable predictor of performance outcomes (i.e. match outcome, goals scored/conceded, fouls, bookings, possession) in competitive international soccer matches. HIGHLIGHTS Failing to replicate previous research, we find no evidence that the amount of collective passion displayed by a team during the national anthem predicts performance outcomes in soccer matches. Collective passion was unrelated to goals scored, goals conceded, match outcome, fouls, possession, and expected goals. The effect of passion on these outcomes was not moderated by the stage of competition. The reported null effects may be because verbal and non-verbal behaviours during the national anthem are poor signals of collective passion.

Danielis Sartorii Musicalia Wratislaviensia by Tomasz Jeż

Reviewed by: Danielis Sartorii Musicalia Wratislaviensia by Tomasz Jeż Tomasz Górny Danielis Sartorii Musicalia Wratislaviensia. By Tomasz Jeż. (Fontes Musicæ in Polonia, vol. A/1.) Warsaw: Sub Lupa, 2017. [625 p. ISBN 9788365886118 (hardcover), PLN 45; also available as e-book.] Illustrations, bibliography, index. The life of Thomas Rehdiger (1540– 1576) was marked by traveling, meetings with intellectuals, and a passion for collecting. Despite his relatively early death before the age of thirty-six, Rehdiger managed to assemble an impressive collection of three hundred manuscripts of classical authors, six thousand books from diverse fields of learning, and a treasure trove of coins and mineral samples. He willed his collections to his younger brothers, Adam and Jacob, whom he also mandated to make those collections available to the general public. As a result, after decades of trying to overcome various stumbling blocks, the first public library in Wrocław (Breslau) came into being, named Bibliotheca Rhedigeriana (or Bibliotheca Rehdigeriana) to commemorate its originator and benefactor. The library was located in the so-called Auditorium Theologicum at Saint Elizabeth’s Church and was officially opened on 4 October 1661 (although Rehdiger’s collections had already been deposited there in 1589). Wrocław municipal authorities vowed never to divide them—any subsequent donations adjoining the library would lose their original names and be considered part of the Rhedigeriana. This was exactly what happened to a collection called Sartoriana, which included five manuscripts and 399 music prints, mostly Italian, from between 1606 and 1655. Traditionally, it has been associated with Daniel Sartorius (1612–1671), even though a significant part in creating that collection also could have been played by Ambrosius Profe (1589–1661), who was active in Wrocław and the nearby town of Jawor. Sartorius himself was a student of Saint Elisabeth School (Elisabetanum) in Wrocław between 1628 and 1630 and then went on to teach there from 1646 until 1667 (possibly longer, until 1670). Although there are no indications of any formal music-related posts he might have been appointed to, many documents (e.g., the epicedia written after his passing) point to his profound interest in music and the liberal arts. Sartoriana includes music manuscripts and many addenda to printed works written in Sartorius’s hand, which strongly suggest that the collection was used for musical practice, perhaps during private celebrations among Wrocław’s intellectual elite, such as the events hosted by the rector of Elisabetanum, Elias Maior (1587–1669), attended not only by Sartorius but also by Profe (Maior’s brother-in-law through his sister Maria) and numerous Silesian musicians. Sartoriana has a clear erudite flavor, and the collection forms a surprisingly coherent and well-rounded whole. Ninety percent of the prints originated from the Venice publishing houses of Alessandro and Giacomo Vincenti and Bartolomeo and Francesco Magni, [End Page 214] while the remaining works were printed in other Italian cities (Bologna, Florence, Rome, and Naples) or German and Austrian cities (Dresden, Frankfurt am Main, Freiberg, Ingolstadt, Leipzig, Ravensburg, and Innsbruck). The predominance of pieces in the seconda pratica is striking, which makes plausible an assumption that an interest in the new Italian style informed the selection of titles to add to the collection. An overwhelming majority of Sartoriana are works by a single composer, with only 5 percent being anthologies, which could speak to the musical maturity of the collectors. The collection includes numerous prints with pieces by Alessandro Grandi (20), Maurizio Cazzati (16), Orazio Tarditi (15), Ignazio Donati (14), Galeazzo Sabbatini (12), Giovanni Antonio Rigatti (11), and Giovanni Rovetta (11), but also by Claudio Monteverdi (9), Tarquinio Merula (7), Giovanni Legrenzi (7), and many others. Catholic religious music is amply represented in the collection through multiple and diverse arrangements of the Liturgy of the Hours, Masses, and church concertos. Numerous examples of madrigals and dramatic as well as purely instrumental music (e.g., canzonas, sonatas, fantasias, and dances) can also be found there. Sartoriana is thus an erudite compilation representative of the musical culture of Italy and could well have served teaching purposes, although the reason behind assembling it cannot be established with any certainty. Last but not least, a lion’s share of...

Qanons, anti-vaxxers, and alternative health influencers: a cultural semiotic perspective on the links between conspiracy theories, spirituality, and wellness during the Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Scholars have highlighted the bond between conspiracy theories, new-age spirituality (conspirituality), and wellness. This paper contributes to this scholarship by critically analysing the underlying semiotic mechanisms that govern the overlap between QAnon, antivax, and Covid-19 related conspiracy theories, new age spirituality and wellness. From a Lotmanian perspective, I draw a critical semiotic analysis of the links between these three discursive realms during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially focusing on alternative health influencer Christiane Northrup’s Facebook page. To do this, I rely on Lotman’s concept of translation, as well as its development in the field of cultural semiotics. Combining Lotman’s theory of translation with Greimas’ discursive semiotics, I claim that the bond between conspiracy theories, spirituality, and wellness is based upon the translations of five semiotic cultural elements: (i) basic narratives plots; (ii) themes and thematic roles; (iii) figures; (iv) plastic features; and (v) collective passions. Drawing on this analysis, I also seek to detail how Lotman’s translation works, looking at which semiotic features are exactly translated when two or more semiosphere come into contact, as well as what logics this translation is based on.

The effect of a strategy (think - pair - share) in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting in basketball among fourth-grade students of science

The rapid changes in the educational fields are among the features of this era that we must work to encourage, move them in the right direction and adapt to them. The educational field has witnessed great scientific and technological development in most areas of life, through the use of modern and advanced educational methods and methods, in order to confront The challenges and pressures facing the educational process, and the successful teacher is the one who can apply the appropriate method that raises the learners’ motivation to learn, taking into account the learners’ tendencies and attitudes to learn, as (Ahmed and Abu Shiha, 1988) indicates that the appropriate teaching method is the one that creates An atmosphere of mutually supportive human relations between the students themselves on the one hand, and the teaching member on the other hand, and at the same time enjoys communicating ideas to students. It also encourages creativity and the ability to solve problems, generates students’ self-confidence and stimulates their learning and thinking.” The discussion in the style of small groups is consistent with the educational view Modern, which is the student's focal point on which all educational activities must focus, and this method also contributes to the development of the world Collective passion and love of cooperation with others in order to achieve goals, and take responsibility, and this method plays an effective role in providing students with the subject and influencing their behavior in order to become effective in society. The problem of the research is that the teaching methods are many and varied, and through the application through the experience of researchers in the field of work in middle schools, I found that many physical education teachers study motor skills in the imperative style because they find difficulty and lack of knowledge of the types of teaching methods that have appeared widely, especially any method that is consistent with With the skill to be taught correctly, and this topic was chosen because it combines individual thinking and discussion between groups, so the researchers decided to rely on the think-pair-share strategy to teach the skill of shooting in the free throw basketball to see the extent of the progress achieved by students in teaching This skill is compared to the commanding method currently used in schools. The current research aims to reveal: The effect of the strategy (think-pair-share) in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting in basketball for fourth-grade students. The difference between the strategy (think - pair - share) and the imperative method in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting for fourth-grade students. The researchers assumed the following: That there are significant differences between the pre and post tests of the two research groups in teaching the skill of free shooting in basketball. There are significant differences in the post-test between the two research groups in teaching the skill of free-throw shooting in basketball. The research community consisted of the students of a preparatory school in Bashiqa for girls in Bashiqa district, who numbered (589). The sample of the research consisted of students of the fourth scientific grade divided into two divisions (A - B) and their number was 65 students. This school was deliberately chosen, due to the presence of an arena and the cooperation of the administration. After the lottery was conducted in a random manner, Division A was chosen to be the experimental group to which the (think-pair-share strategy) is applied, and Division B to which the imperative method is applied. A group of female students were excluded due to absence from the training round, and some of them were excluded due to failing for the sake of stability, as the research sample consisted of 40 students, with 20 students per group. The researchers used the spss program. In light of the research objectives and hypotheses within the limits of the research method and the user approach, the researchers reached a conclusion. - Showing statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests in the two research groups. - The experimental group that implemented the strategy (think-pair-share) outperformed the control group that implemented the imperative method in the post test of the skill of shooting with a free throw basketball. Recommendations - The necessity of applying the strategy (think - pair - share) in middle schools, because it showed the positive quality of teaching the skill of shooting with a free throw with basketball. - Covering a qualifying study for schools to see the teaching methods for all academic levels and to test the actual method of the skill being taught.

The Affects of Populism

AbstractThe current rise of populism is often associated with affects. However, the exact relationship between populism and affects is unclear. This article addresses the question of what is distinctive about populist (appeals to) affects. It does so against the backdrop of a Laclauian conception of populism as a political logic that appeals to a morally laden frontier between two homogenous groups, ‘the people’ and ‘those in power’, in order to establish a new hegemonic order. I argue that it is distinctive of populism that it breaks with the dominating feeling rules by overtly appealing to affects and reclaiming them for the realm of the political. The article explores three groups of affective phenomena: discontent, anger, and fear; empathetic, sympathetic, group-based, and shared emotions; and collective passions of enthusiasm and love. It shows how an appeal to these affects relates to the political logic of populism itself by contributing to the concretization, collectivization, and unification of affects.

Up close and personal: James Edge-Partington in Australia in 1897. In From Field to Museum—Studies from Melanesia in Honour of Robin Torrence, ed. Jim Specht, Val Attenbrow, and Jim Allen

British ethnologist, collector and author, James Edge-Partington visited Australia twice in the late 19th century. His first Australian sojourn was marked by sight-seeing and social events, with his travels interrupted by side trips to Fiji and Tonga, where he developed a passion for artefact collecting. In contrast, his second journey was focused on gathering information and sketching Pacific Islander and Australian Aboriginal artefacts held in museums and private collections. These drawings were later published between 1890 and 1898 in three volumes that became a major reference source for museum curators and researchers. This paper outlines Edge-Partington’s 1879–1881 visit before focusing on his 1897 trip which included visits to five public museums and one university museum and produced more than 600 sketches of cultural material. This trip also produced many drawings of objects held in private collections. The paper documents Edge-Partington’s visit to the Queensland Museum where he spent most of his time examining and sketching objects from the field collection of Sir William MacGregor, the colonial administrator of British New Guinea. Edge-Partington’s motives for focusing on this particular collection rather than others held by the Museum are discussed and the possibility that Edge-Partington later acquired artefacts from the MacGregor assemblage for his personal collection is also considered. The paper shows how his sketches can be used to improve the documentation for existing museum collections, such as the MacGregor collection that is now dispersed through several museums.

Passions et Radicalités : Nouvelles formulations et dynamique sociétale

It is a conceptual approach to the notion of passion, its evolution over time. The methodology is based on the analysis of original texts and the search for terms and themes that persist in contemporary thought. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness since ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to reason and subcategories of passions, such as hatred and can inform terrorism-related radicalizations. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness from ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to the reason of subcategories of passions such as hatred and radicalities. Initially focused on the individual, we see the extension of its use towards the group with the notion of social passion. An affective state dominating the life of an individual's mind, passion is subsequently analyzed successively as subordinate to reason and likely to become a form of madness among the Stoics. The theological–political power will cause them to be regarded as attitudes of incapacity and disobedience to the divine law. Viewed first as an opinion, the passage to the medical and alienist current leads to the characterization of nosographic entity before the particular context of radical thoughts and the questioning of religious and philosophical radicalities is emphasized. The analyses of doctors and alienists will reflect the conceptions of their time but will gradually emerge from the religious context. The relation to the rational and the true will be restored in the analysis of the delusions in the 19th century. The analysis of radical thoughts and radicalities will be late and will include the passage from individual passions to collective passions and social passions.

Populismo: o grande levante semiótico

Populismo e populista são denominações que, ao mesmo tempo, são mal definidas – até indefiníveis – e cuja enunciação é, no entanto, eficiente. O argumento inicial deste estudo consiste em uma inversão dessa relação: é justamente por essa indeterminação que a enunciação é eficiente. A dificuldade de uma definição estável de populismo é uma consequência direta da transformação contemporânea do actante coletivo, ao qual chamamos povo, que é, ele próprio, hoje em dia, indeterminado, flutuante e heterogêneo. Um dos desdobramentos dessa situação consiste em reivindicar a denominação populista, porque essa reivindicação pública é uma legitimação tant da existência de um actante coletivo chamado povo quanto da coerência de temas e posições políticos associados. Assim, circunscrevemos o problema a ser tratado: por um lado, atribuímos ao populismo temas e posições políticos que não lhe são específicos e, por outro, associamos o populismo a paixões tristes (desconfiança, rejeição ao outro, sofrimento, ódio, medo...). Segundo pesquisas de opinião pública, tais paixões são compartilhadas pela maioria dos cidadãos, muito além apenas daqueles que votam nos candidatos populistas. Nossa hipótese é, então, que, no caso do voto e da expressão política populistas, essas paixões chamadas tristes funcionam como atratores dos temas e posições políticos associados ao populismo

IDEO-THEMATIC AND NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF ALBANIAN RITUAL SONGS

Man learned to celebrate religious rites, feasts of the hunt, of the beginning of the seasons, and to accompany them with ritual songs, which we may still encounter in areas not affected by ‘modernity’. However, it is difficult to imagine a dumb civilization, unable to sing to express its feelings. Therefore, it is the song, which has often given voice to the collective passions in the great moments of labor, trust (idealism), and pleasure. When we talk about mythology, as a worldview phenomenon, we can say that it is very ancient, and has always been subject to the historical specifics and demands of different epochs. So, mythology has undergone changes not only in the informative and narrative level of the subjects but also in the ideological interior, changes which will be the object of study. Knowing that mythology is a specific ideology, as is poetry and art, on which the epochs have left their indelible marks we will undoubtedly treat mythology very carefully from this perspective, as well. Man, in the face of nature and vain beliefs, has always felt weak, so this weakness has pushed him to create various rites, by virtue of which he tried to influence the mysterious forces, to bring him good fortune throughout the year.

An expansive vision for structural engineers

Over the past decade, I’ve had great opportunity to engage with our international professional community in thinking about the future of structural engineering through conferences, classrooms, writings, presentations and board meetings. Our collective passion for this subject is profound, offering an inspiring prognosis for us. Our outlook has evolved from a somewhat pessimistic view to one that is decidedly optimistic. We see great opportunity for structural engineers to hold leadership roles in helping society meet its future challenges, and there is a generation of bright young professionals eager to make a difference in the world. We struggle, however, to understand how to bring about the needed change, in ourselves and in our industry, to play more impactful roles in serving society. Nonetheless, a common theme in our various conversations about our future suggests a path forward: we need a bolder, more expansive vision for who we are as structural engineers and what roles we play.

The future is human

Over the past decade, I’ve had great opportunity to engage with our international professional community in thinking about the future of structural engineering through conferences, classrooms, writings, presentations and board meetings. Our collective passion for this subject is profound, offering an inspiring prognosis for us. Our world is changing and we need to adapt and evolve to remain relevant. For the engineering profession, it is time to adopt a more human-centric focus to better leverage technological innovation and use it to make a greater contribution to our society. Key drivers of change in the engineering profession include digital transformation, climate change and stresses on the urban environment. This creates an opportunity to reassess what it means to be an engineer, who we are and how we can be more inclusive of different skillsets, what we value and where we will find meaning, purpose and fulfilment in our future careers. For future success, we engineers need to focus on our human qualities such as empathy, creativity and connection. We need to redefine our essential skillset, which will require broader training, education and diversity. It will require us to set a direction for the profession in which we focus collaboratively on positive outcomes for society, and find a balance between business profi t and social value outcomes as measures of success. This leads naturally into the following questions: can we achieve these competing demands? Will technology enhance our ability to solve complex problems more quickly, resulting in a stronger and more desired profession? What does the future engineer look like?

Terrence H. Witkowski: the making of a marketing and consumption historian

Purpose This paper aims to present an autobiographical account on the life of Terrence H. Witkowski and his development as a marketing and consumption historian. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an autobiography and intellectual history. Findings The author traces his interest in history to childhood travel, to growing up in a home furnished with early American décor and to a lifelong passion for antique collecting. Historical research in marketing and consumption fit his independent personality, and has made the best use of his scholarly skill set. Originality/value This essay describes one person’s journey to becoming a marketing and consumption historian.

The primordial soup of cluster genesis:The historical case of the British motor clubs

Industrial clusters and localized industries emerge and evolve due to several factors – entrepreneurs, firms, institutions, resource and knowledge concentrations, among others. Yet, there is still little understanding of the antecedents of clusters before the emergence of entrepreneurial ventures – a phase that is often not driven by business purposes alone. Through an historical, inductive exploration of archival data and interviews, this study aims to disentangle the distinct elements and process of the “primordial soup” leading to the genesis of entrepreneurial clusters. The historical case study of the British motor clubs as antecedents of the UK motorsport industry is analysed. The construct of collective passion emerges as a coalescing force binding institutions, collective practices and collective artefacts across multiple generative events. Ultimately endogenous and exogenous shocks enable the ingredients to react and transform amateur practices into a population of businesses ventures.

Left-wing populism within horizontal and vertical politics: the case of Kurdish-led radical democracy in agonistic pluralism

ABSTRACTIn the post-political period, the Kurdish-led Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) has offered a radical democratic political project by adopting a left-leaning populism to challenge the political establishment (elites) through the construction of a new concept of ‘the People’ (underdog) in a new political grammar. This article outlines the feasibility of applying Laclau’s populist discursive in analysing the notion of radical democracy, which is conceptualized in terms of Mouffe’s agonistic approach, as a ‘real’ alternative in the organic crisis of the ‘new Turkey’. The inclusive populism of the HDP mobilizes the collective passion in politics, with its common affects, in order to create a counter-hegemonic bloc. This left-wing populist ontology aims to reform the existing democratic institutions in terms of an egalitarian and libertarian rhetoric to challenge the Justice and Development Party's(AKP) right-wing conservative populism that has recently transformed into authoritarianism, majoritarianism and illiberalism in the post-democracy era.

Immersion dans le monde de l’hyperbarie avec deux infirmiers spécialisés

The speciality of the hyperbaric nurse, whether practised in the civil or military setting, has a wide-reaching scope. Two teams of professionals from Lyon and Toulon share their motivations and demonstrate, through the words of two nurses, a real collective passion for this original and highly technical practice.

“We Believed it to be honorable before God”: Religion in Enslaved Communities, 1840-1860

The dehumanization of African people in the United States began with their capture and the exploitation of their labor and bodies, which white people justified through the conviction of their inherent superiority. Collective religious passion was an effective defensive measure, but it did not prevent slaveholders from exploiting black labor. This paper will use testimonies and narratives to argue that religion in the South from 1840 – 1865 offered a social sphere within enslaved communities that relieved experiences of dehumanization under slavery. Although enslaved people did not always intend to challenge the institution of slavery, their actions demonstrated resistance to the objectives of slavery, especially their own dehumanization.

Carl H. Muendel

Carl H. Muendel, 86, died on April 22 in Hockessin, Del. “Carl had a lifelong passion for mineral and stamp collecting, was an active member of the Delaware Mineralogical Society, and also served in Meals on Wheels and Read Aloud Delaware during his retirement. He maintained close ties to his relatives in Germany and traveled there extensively. Carl was a man of strong faith and moral convictions; his modesty, kindness, and intellect will be treasured and dearly missed.”—Christopher Arico-Muendel, son Most recent title: technical service manager for engineering and product safety, DuPont Education: B.S., chemical engineering, 1952, and Eng.Sci.D., chemical engineering, 1959, Columbia University Survivors: wife, Renate; daughter, Anne; sons, Martin and Christopher Arico-Muendel; four grandchildren To recognize your late loved one or colleague, submit obituary information at cenm.ag/obits.