Collective Decision Research Articles

THEORETICAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS OF A PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT UNIVERSITY: WAYS OF FORMATION AND KAHOOT CONTROL

The purpose of the research is to study the features of the methodology of performing "lectures with pre-planned mistakes" and Kahoot control of theoretical competencies of students of a physical culture and sport university. The introduction of a modern form of lectures, «lectures with pre-planned mistakes", into the educational process of ASIPCS students allowed us to identify that during one lecture session only 3-4 planned errors are enough to make it possible to solve all the challenges facing this form of lectures. The use of audio lectures on “General Pedagogy" and "Pedagogy of Sports" in the educational process of ASIPCS showed that students reacted positively to this innovation and expressed their opinion on the expediency and use. Gamification in the process of monitoring and checking students' knowledge through the Kahoot platform has shown its advantages over the traditional form of holding seminars. The vast majority of 2nd and 3rd year students highly appreciate the use of this information and communication technology in the educational process. This platform allows you to solve not only the tasks of monitoring, controlling, mastering and consolidating new theoretical knowledge, but also provides an opportunity to develop skills of collective thinking and collective decision-making.

ВПЛИВ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ НА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ

Communication plays an important role in the process of managing an enterprise. The goal of the manager is constant communication with employees, influence on subordinates for the purpose of effective activity and management decision-making. The communication process affects the efficiency of the enterprise in many aspects: effective communication of employees at the enterprise ensures quick adoption of correct, optimal and effective decisions; effective communication in the external environment contributes to the understanding of customer needs and affects the company’s reputation; effective marketing communication affects the growth of demand for the company’s products; in crisis conditions, effective communication reduces negative consequences for the enterprise; the exchange of new ideas contributes to the creation of a favorable innovative environment at the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical aspects of the influence of individual components of the communication process on the effectiveness of managerial decision-making. Information is an important factor in the effective communication process. Only reliable information allows managers to make effective management decisions. Another factor is the analysis of collected information, the ability to assess the situation and carry out their objective analysis. An important element of communication is feedback, which eliminates possible obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the message is understood by the addressee exactly as intended. Another aspect of communication is collective decision-making. Group discussions lead to better resolution of complex issues and increase management efficiency. Effective communication provides an opportunity to discuss alternative decision-making options to find the best possible solution. Another condition for effective communication is the ability to speak in order to achieve goals and the ability to listen.Therefore, communication is a key element for effective management decision-making at the enterprise.

Risk Measures for Public Healthcare Service Quality Scale: An Evaluation of Collective and Independent (Urban and Rural) Decision Models Using Fuzzy AHP Methodology

Risk Measures for Public Healthcare Service Quality Scale: An Evaluation of Collective and Independent (Urban and Rural) Decision Models Using Fuzzy AHP Methodology

Modeling the Effects of Volatility and Uncertainty in Psychological Errors on Collective Decision-Making of Investors in the Iranian Capital Market

Objective: The aim of the present study is to model the effects of volatility and uncertainty in psychological errors on the collective decision-making of investors in the Iranian capital market. Methodology: To test the hypotheses, a sample consisting of 204 companies from those listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected using the systematic elimination method over a 5-year period from 2018 to 2022. The research data were collected on a monthly basis with a panel data approach and were analyzed using three multiple linear regression models. These models were calculated using the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) and Threshold Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (TGARCH) methods, with the help of Excel 2016 and Eviews13 software for statistical analysis. Findings: According to the results of the statistical tests of the research hypotheses, the volatility of the psychological error index and investors' trading behavior has a significant and negative impact on abnormal stock returns. Additionally, the volatility of the psychological error index has a significant and positive impact on the volume and frequency of abnormal stock trades. However, the volatility of investors' trading behavior has a significant and negative impact on the volume and frequency of abnormal stock trades. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the EGARCH and TGARCH conditional heteroskedasticity models indicate asymmetry in the influence of collective investment decisions from past data and past volatility, which is consistent with the Prospect Theory that claims positive and negative returns have different effects on investor utility.

Implementing team-based learning in a large environmental chemistry course and its impact on student learning and perceptions

Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional strategy where students participate in a set of activities including, applying course concepts to real-life case studies in instructor-selected teams. Here, we describe how TBL has been incorporated into a 3rd year, large, environmental chemistry course and investigate the benefits of using this strategy. A combination of pre/post survey and coursework data were analyzed to understand: (1) What were student perceptions of TBL? (2) How did using TBL to deliver content influence student learning, measured by exam performance? (3) How did students’ team skills evolve? Post-survey results indicate that students perceived TBL as enhancing their interest in course content, creating real-world connections, and most helpful for achieving practical critical thinking skills. Student performance on TBL-related final exam items was significantly better (Mean = 73%, SD = 21%) than non TBL-related final exam items, (Mean = 65%, SD = 21%), despite the level of complexity being similar between the two categories. The pre/post survey results indicate that, as compared to the start of term, students reported being significantly more comfortable expressing opinions in group meetings (t(78) = 4.25, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.48), and leading group discussions (t(78) = 3.11, p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.35), by the end of the term. The one-minute reflections (completed following the first and fifth TBL activities) indicated that there was a 14% increase (77% vs. 91%) in the number of students reporting on collective team decision making. This study demonstrates the wide-ranging positive impacts of TBL to student learning in a large Environmental Chemistry course all while enhancing active learning and applying chemistry concepts to relevant and real-life case studies.

Thinking Medium: A Design-based Critique of Nudge Theory

Mainstream economic thought rests on a picture of human actors as rational, calculating, and selfish. Since the 1980’s, the sub-discipline of behavioral economics has challenged mainstream economic thought by revealing limitations in the ordinary person’s ability to reason as orthodox theory predicts. People’s choices are influenced by the manner in which options are presented. And since many of the choices people make involve basic dimensions of moral life, including the chooser’s autonomy and general welfare, the structuring of choice situations is an irreducibly ethical enterprise. These topics are explored in “nudge theory,” which represents an attempt to understand the implications of behavioral economics for people involved in the shaping of others’ decisions. Nudge theory proposes that professional designers should structure choice situations on behalf of others in a paternalistic way: leveraging the designers’ expertise and superior knowledge to promote outcomes that serve choosers’ long-term interests. In this paper, the co-authors agree that paternalism can be a valid approach to ethical design practice in a limited range of cases. But in general, the program of “libertarian paternalism” advocated by nudge theorists represents a failure of imagination that arbitrarily forecloses opportunities for collective decision-making and reinforces unhealthy social divisions. Instead, a greater sensitivity to the potential of design thinking, specifically its capacity to incorporate a wide range of heterogeneous factors and perspectives, is a key to the ethical deployment of nudges. Design itself is the best answer to the question: how can economic thought register the results of the behavioral sciences in a thoughtful, creative, and defensible way? Through a series of examples drawn from the literature, the co-authors present a design-based critique of nudge theory, illustrating the interdisciplinary potential of design and aspects of the role design thinking may play in creating more harmonious and unified societies.

Cost-Based Decision Support System: A Dynamic Cost Estimation of Key Performance Indicators in Manufacturing

An attempt is made to translate five generic key performance indicators (KPIs) into a continuous real-time cost function in a batch order-based manufacturing environment. The challenge of controlling and optimizing resource utilization, production efficiency, product-process quality, environmental impact, and inventory was specified by microelectronics and hard metal composite manufacturers. The motivation is to facilitate decision-making by converting operations management data into dynamic financial cost models. The process of interpreting engineering data of the physical level and operations management level into financial metrics creates a common language between engineers, managers, and financial departments of the company whose common objective is the profitability of the company, each with their own priorities. The proposed method provides a realistic representation of the performance of the system in monetary value. The integration may become an instrument of effective and efficient tactical and strategic collective decision-making. The main outcome is a near real-time formulation and prediction of manufacturing cost with respect to the five KPIs. The resultant cost function is verified according to several production scenarios. The case study demonstrating the proposed cost modeling methodology utilizes real-time and historical information from two different industrial partners in Tungsten metallurgy and electronic circuit manufacturing industries.

Talk Less to Strangers: How Homophily Can Improve Collective Decision-Making in Diverse Teams

Talk Less to Strangers: How Homophily Can Improve Collective Decision-Making in Diverse Teams

Five-Stage Framework of Technology Domestication in the Workplace: An Organisational Case Study of Implementing a Mobile Management Software

With the rise of remote working due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, organisations today increasingly adopt mobile collaborative technologies such as instant messaging platforms, enterprise social media, and project management software to facilitate a variety of work and communication practices. While previous studies on workplace digital transformation have surfaced the wide-ranging implications of digital technologies for organisational functioning, the complicated process of integrating new technologies into an organisation’s workflow, especially in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) settings, is hitherto understudied. Given the pressing need of digitalisation and the myriad challenges faced by SMEs, it is imperative to uncover the complexity of collective decision-making, interaction, and negotiation during the process of implementing digital technologies in the workplace environment of SMEs. As an effort to shed light on this missing link, we conducted an in-depth ethnographic case study on the dynamic process of implementing a self-developed mobile management software in a construction SME in Singapore. Drawing on technology domestication theory, a five-stage workplace technology domestication framework was developed in which various stakeholders, including the company’s CEO, office staff, shop floor workers, and the developer team, engaged in ongoing and multifaceted negotiations revolving around the application of the new technology and the changes it heralded. During the domestication process, the functionality and meanings of the software as well as employee acceptance and user experiences were continuously reconfigured by a constellation of technological, individual, organisational, and sociocultural conditions. This study uncovers the iterative and participatory nature of technology design and implementation in the workplace, thereby opening up a promising approach for SMEs to maximise benefits from digital transformation with limited resources available.

Unlocking the Perceptions of Fishing Communities for a Credible and Effective Weather Forecasting and Early-Warning System in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Small-scale fishers are highly vulnerable to the impacts of weather conditions and climate variability, which can significantly affect their livelihoods and safety at sea. This study assessed the small-scale fishers' access and usage of weather forecasts and early warning systems in Zanzibar. It did so by examining the fishing communities' perceptions of the matter and patterns of utilisation of the weather information. It investigated the sources and accessibility of weather forecasts and early warning systems to the fishers. It utilised a descriptive and observational design using qualitative approaches. Data were collected through structured interviews, observation, and focus group discussions with samples of small-scale fishers in six villages in Unguja and Pemba in Zanzibar. The findings show that small-scale fishers in Zanzibar face significant challenges accessing reliable and timely conventional weather forecasts and early warning information. Limited access to communication technologies, including television and smartphones, emerged as a significant barrier. In addition, the utility of modern meteorological information and early warning systems is limited by their perceived unreliability to fishing communities. The fishing communities extensively use traditional weather forecasting methods informed by generations of tradition. Using informal communication channels and telephony services, local communities integrate conventional weather information served through short messaging services with traditional weather prediction systems. The integration provides credible results shared across the communities for collective decision-making on safer fishing practices. These findings are important for Zanzibar's policymakers, fisheries management agencies, and climate service providers. There is a need for the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar and other stakeholders to deliberate and improve communities' access to reliable weather forecasts and early warning systems for their resilience and sustainable fishing practices. It is also important for the government and other stakeholders to promote integrating indigenous knowledge with scientific forecasting methods for a comprehensive and contextually relevant information framework for small-scale fishers and other consumers.

Potentials of the Metaverse for Robotized Applications in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0

As a digital environment of interconnected virtual ecosystems driven by measured and synthesized data, the Metaverse has so far been mostly considered from its gaming perspective that closely aligns with online edutainment. Although it is still in its infancy and more research as well as standardization efforts remain to be done, the Metaverse could provide considerable advantages for smart robotized applications in the industry. Workflow efficiency, collective decision enrichment even for executives, as well as a natural, resilient, and sustainable robotized assistance for the workforce are potential advantages. Hence, the Metaverse could consolidate the connection between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. This paper identifies and puts forward potential advantages of the Metaverse for robotized applications and highlights how these advantages support goals pursued by the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 visions.

Distributed GNE Seeking Strategy for Second-Integrator Multiplayer Systems Over Directed Topologies.

This article studies the generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking problem of second-integrator multiplayer systems. In particular, each player is endowed with an individual payoff function with respect to collective decision variables, and simultaneously, a coupling inequality constraint and a set constraint are imposed to each player. The players communicate with their local neighbors over a directed topology. To begin with, a distributed-observer-based seeking strategy is synthesized by leveraging a proper composite variable. It is first demonstrated using nonsmooth analysis that the established distributed observer enables each player to accurately estimate the decision variables of others in terms of a strongly connected topology condition. Upon this basis, all the decision variables are then shown to converge to the expected GNE asymptotically borrowing from convex theory. In addition, three extension results are also given under the built GNE seeking framework. First, under the postulation that the velocity information is unavailable, a velocity-free distributed GNE seeking strategy is synthesized for second-integrator systems by implementing a proper auxiliary dynamics. Second, we consider nonlinear Euler-Lagrange systems with unknown inertia parameters and synthesize an improved distributed GNE seeking strategy resorting to an adaptation technique. Third, we focus on integrator chain systems and synthesize a modified distributed GNE seeking strategy using a new composite variable based on a proper coordinate transformation. For three extension cases, we all show in detail the achievement of the GNE seeking objective. Finally, a practical example is simulated to confirm the built GNE seeking results.

Modeling collective decisions on eating-out location choice

Modeling collective decisions on eating-out location choice

Towards Decolonization of Evaluation Practices: A Critical Reflection of Participatory Evaluation Methodologies in Less Developed Countries

For many years evaluation practices in less developed countries have been dominated by scientific, top down, quantitative approaches and methodologies. As the result, many evaluation practices in less developed countries have been largely characterized by skewed power relations with poor adoption and utilization of evaluation findings. Several researchers, writers and development professionals agree that participatory evaluation was adopted in Africa and elsewhere in the world as a strategy to address several weaknesses observed in the conventional evaluation practices. Such practices include too much focus on projects and donor funding, lack of inclusion, poor consideration of local variations, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and lack of ‘respect’ to local beneficiaries. Inversely, the adoption of participatory evaluation meant to promote evidence-based evaluation designs, which also pay attention to local variations and contexts and include local evaluators and collective decisions at local level. Therefore, promotion of participatory evaluation means making evaluation practices more culturally sensitive and relevant through the use of credible data. From the emancipatory perspective, participatory evaluation methodologies aim at making evaluation practices more transformational and empowering while improving power relations and collaboration between project stakeholders, capturing and bringing to surface the voices of once marginalized and disadvantaged populations. To a certain extent, the adoption of participatory evaluation methodology has contributed to the improvement of quality and relevance of evaluation and increased utilization of evaluation data and findings in decision making and organizational performance. This paper has generally shown that despite a few recorded successes such as the previous participatory methodologies, there have been internal and external constraints to participatory evaluations. There have been constraints to the participation of the targeted communities in evaluation such as limited lack of community interest, high transaction costs, lack of knowledge and skills and meager budget. At the project level, insufficient budget, limited resources, poor timing of implementation and poor quality of evaluation have constrained management participatory evaluations. This paper takes the position, that regardless of problems hindering the performance of participatory evaluation, its benefits outweigh its limitations in short and the long run. The paper recommends that in order to improve the performance and relevance of participatory evaluation, participatory evaluation needs to be preceded with well thought plans, selecting appropriate designs and methods to fit the local situations.

GRUP KARARLARINDA AZINLIK ETKİSİ KAVRAMININ “12 KIZGIN ADAM” FİLMİ ÜZERİNDEN İNCELENMESİ

The aim of this study is to examine the group dynamics and decision-making process in the movie "12 Angry Men" with a micro-level critical discourse analysis. The study aims to explore the influence of a member within the group on collective decisions and the influence of the first advocate of face-to-face group discussion. The leadership behavior of Henry, the main character of the movie, influences the group despite being in a minority position, and provides a platform for discussion. By tackling different topics, Henry creates differences of opinion among the majority, thereby understanding the thinking of each member and shaping their speech. Henry's position in the group can be explained by his minority influence; because in the beginning only he did not comply with the majority by voting "not guilty". However, he later acted consistently in his decision, causing the group's thoughts and votes to change. This study provides an important example for understanding the complexity of group dynamics and communication and highlights the role of leadership in minority influence.

Role of Media in Hybrid Warfare in Pakistan: How to Convert Challenges into Opportunities

In the defense community, the use of hybrid warfare has expanded. It is generally labeled as contemporary warfare. The term is usually adopted in strategic documents such as the national government of Pakistan, developing regions, as well as developed nation central such as NATO, and EU, based on which various articles have been presented. However, hybrid warfare has not yet been understood with social media and the opportunities it opens for Pakistan. Primarily, the concern is to assess whether the concept is understood clearly for its strategic implementation, which can help to overcome the risk concerning the defense community. It is suggested that efforts must be improved for enhancing and forming content on the meaning of hybrid warfare. While the social network’s effect includes transparency, individuals mobilizing, and collective decision making negative effect that results from hybrid warfare include manipulation, an unregulated environment, and misinformation proliferation.

A Survey of Applications of Blockchain in Collective Decision-Making Scenarios in Swarm Robotics

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that was introduced to decentralize monetary systems. However, with time, the applications of blockchain in different realms have been identified. Swarm robotics is a field that combines swarm intelligence and robotics to solve real-world problems that cannot be solved by monolithic robots. Collective decision-making is one of the major behaviors implemented by swarm robotics. This study analyzes existing literature on the applications of blockchain in the collective decision-making scenarios in swarm robotics. Consequently, this study introduces a novel taxonomy to study the different applications effectively. The taxonomy categorizes existing literature into (i) application of blockchain in other areas of swarm robotics, (ii) application of blockchain in continuous collective decision-making scenarios, (iii) application of blockchain in discrete collective decision-making scenarios, (iv) application of blockchain in other discrete collective decision-making scenarios, and (v) application of blockchain in the collective perception scenario. Finally, the limitations of existing work such as excessive resource consumption and violation of swarm robotics principles are discussed.

Culture of Educational Institutions on Psychological Empowerment of Women Employees in Higher Education Institutions

Women’s empowerment is a worldwide issue addressed by the government in every country. It has been the main agenda point discussed in all government plans. In India, we aim to achieve women’s empowerment and gender equity, one of the sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030. Women’s empowerment is achieved by creating a conducive social environment that facilitates individual or collective decisionmaking for social transformation. This can be achieved by looking at women’s empowerment from a psychological perspective. This study aims to find the impact of institutional culture on the psychological empowerment of women faculty in higher education institutions. It also aims to find suitable institutional culture types to enhance women’s psychological empowerment in institutions. This study was developed based on selfdetermination theory proposed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan in 1985. Descriptive research was conducted, and quantitative analysis was carried out with IBM SPSS and AMOS version 23. A sample of 385 women faculty working in higher education institutions in India was contacted to collect primary data. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model, and it was found to be acceptable. Statistical analysis of the data reveals that there exists a strong positive relationship between dimensions of institutional culture and psychological empowerment.

Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap Perubahan Organisasi Di Himpunan Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen

This research examines the role of leadership in managing organizational change. The role of leadership in today's organizations, organizational change has become a major and important thing. The role of an effective leader aims to successfully manage change. The aim of this research is to determine the role of leadership in the organizational change process, as an influence on future progress. Literature review and theoretical analysis are combined with qualitative research methodology in this work. Based on the research results, examine the meaning of leadership, the role of leadership for the organization and the leader's efforts to change the organization. Members inspire and motivate change when they participate in decision making and accept change under leadership. Planning, directing and implementing necessary changes becomes easier with collective decisions and those of a single leader. Department members who want to better manage organizational change will greatly benefit from this research.

Costly voting in weighted committees: The case of moral costs

We develop a theoretical model of voting behavior in committees when members differ in influence and receive payoffs that condition on the individual vote and the collective decision. Applied to a group decision involving moral costs, the model predicts that the distribution of decision-making power affects committee members’ incentives to make immoral choices: More influential agents tend to support the immoral choice, while less influential agents free-ride. A skewed power distribution makes immoral collective choices more likely. We then present results of a laboratory experiment that studies committee members’ voting behavior and collective choices under different distributions of decision-making power. As hypothesized, we find that the frequency of immoral decisions is positively related to an agent’s voting power.