Text Collections Research Articles

THEMATIC PATTERNS OF RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION

The article presents a description of a text collection representing disinformation messages about the war in Ukraine published on one of the Telegram channels in order to influence the Russian-speaking community in Germany. The main subjects that Russian propaganda used at the beginning of its full-scale invasion of Ukraine were determined on the basis of deductive thematic analysis, content analysis, and semantic and stylistic analysis of the texts. It has been established that the similarity of the subjects of Russian disinformation and the identity of their coverage in different countries allows us to talk about a full-fledged system of moderation by official Russia not only traditional media, but also social networks; a special news selection for commenting, the so-called agenda, and a certain way of commenting them. The same type set of topics and the identity of their coverage in different countries gives reason to conclude that they have been transformed into peculiar patterns, according to which a carefully constructed image unfolds through the story. The task: to compromise Ukraine, as well as European countries and politicians who did not support the Kremlin's military aggression; to impose a favorable for Russian vision of its attack on Ukraine; to cause panic with threats of global military conflict with the use of nuclear weapons among European citizens, and an energy and food crisis in Europe; to destabilize the domestic political situation within Germany; to demonize the image of the US to divert attention from the real aggressor and to compromise the partnership between the European Union and the US.

Development of a method for automatic construction of hierarchical structures of several collections of texts in the formalization of linguistic expert information

The paper discusses methods of forming special models for the representation of various sets of knowledge in various information systems. The work is devoted to the application of distributive semantics in the identification of significant combinations in one subject area (PRO) within the framework of the formalization of linguistic expert information (LEI). The paper applies an approach to the formalization of LEI based on a set of analytical methods, where linear algebra is used as models. This approach makes it possible to initialize the procedure for the automatic formation of hierarchical LEI architectures or dendrograms when identifying significant combinations of titles of several collections of texts. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed analytical approach using distributive semantics in identifying significant combinations of titles of several collections of texts, which allows for the analysis and processing of linguistic expert information. The paper aims to create conditions for the formalization of the LEI by applying distributive semantics when identifying significant combinations of titles of several collections. The ontology constructed in this work complements the search structure within the framework of the considered PRO and can be supplemented and developed in the future.

A Multimodal Corpus-Based Study of american career weblogs

The article describes the application of multimodal corpus-based methodologies to the study of the popular American career blogs. The research is carried out within the framework of the theory of multimodal discourse analysis. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been applied in order to identify and explain different aspects of verbal and graphic modes convergence. Two corpora have been compiled by the authors for the purposes of the research. Both corpora contain multimodal annotations to browse and search for relevant textual and visual materials. The corpus software used in this research is UAM CorpusTool and UAM ImageTool, they include frequency and keywords search, statistical processing of visual images annotations and their combinations with keywords. A collection of texts along with the images (photos, graphics and illustrations) has been analyzed to investigate how verbal and non-verbal modes work together to convey the holistic meaning of the message. The results suggest that verbal and graphic modes are non-competing but mutually supportive and complementary. The analysis has proved that the specified modes have different meaning potential: words can add focus, identification, precision, and perspective to a pictorial representation while images add emotional, expressive and connotative value to the text.

Русские частушки и испанские куплеты фламенко: опыт типологического сопоставления

The fate of folk genres can be completely different in different peoples and historical periods: some disappear without a trace in the manuscripts, others reach the later epochs on the pages of a small number of surviving books and others develop, go out into great stages and conquer entire countries. This is the destiny of flamenco which consists of three elements, that is music, poetry and dance and became the cultural practice of southern Spain during the 19th century. In that same century in Russia, the genre of chastushka was formed. Like the flamenco couplets, it flourished in the vulnerable and precarious social layer of the urban population formed by the peasants deprived of land who went to earn a living in the cities. The synchrony of the global socio-political processes, one of which and also the most key throughout the 19th century was industrialization, suggests that in some social groups in different countries could arise and develop similar forms of art so it is interesting to compare milestones in the history of flamenco copla and chastushka, analyze themes and their lexical content. The aim of the paper is to discover similarity and difference between two folk genres at a certain historical stage of their existence. As an analytical basis, collections of texts and scientific research in Russian and Spanish are adopted from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st one.

Code mixing and code switching in the advertisements published in Arabic newspapers

This study has analyzed code mixing and code switching in the advertisements published in Arabic newspapers. It has investigated the frequency and borrowing of English language words in the Arabic advertisements. This is a corpus based research, in which different stages are involved: compiling a corpus, designing a corpus, text collection and processing, analyzing a corpus. This approach also depends on both qualitative and quantitative methods in this study. To meet the requirements of the first research questions, quantitative data was required and for that purpose, corpus based quantitative research was carried out. Furthermore, for investigating the features of borrowed words, qualitative method was used. The sub type of non-probability sampling; purposive sampling technique was used for this study. The sample size of this study was 20 advertisements published in the Arabic newspapers of Arab countries. This corpus was developed by the text gathered from random samples of advertisements in Arabic newspapers (Al-Ahram and Al-Rai). The AntConc (Anthony, 2005) software tool is used for investigating the frequency of code switching and code mixing occurred and the processes that were being caused of code mixing and code switching in the selected advertisements.

Ut Poesis Historia? A Computational-Hermeneutic Approach to the Renaissance Art of History

This article aims to reopen discussion of the Renaissance ars historica, a genre that has garnered little attention in modern scholarship. It does so by using a set of computational tools to measure the quantitative occurrence of terms related to artistry and cognition in Johann Wolff's collection of historical-method texts entitled “Artis Historicae Penus” (1579). Like the period's historical writing, which amalgamated aesthetics and historiography, the Renaissance artes historicae belonged to a historiographical paradigm in which the skillful construction of discourse went hand in hand with the search for historical truth. The title of Wolff's anthology accordingly draws an overt connection between the concepts of “ars” and “historia,” yet what did sixteenth-century theorists mean by “art”?

“Rede hit sofft”: John Audelay's Practice of Care

“Rede hit sofft”: John Audelay's Practice of Care

Несколько суждений о каноническо-правовых основаниях создания монастырей в домонгольской Руси

Introduction. This study focuses on the formation of ancient Russian monasticism in the 11th-13th centuries. The main emphasis of the article is on the recognition of foreign communities as fullyfledged monasteries by episcopal cathedrals, as well as on the administrative-canonical rights of ancient Russian bishops. The author is interested in how the relationship between the episcopate and monasteries developed and changed. Methods. The analysis of the information on the establishment of the first Russian monasteries allows for some preliminary judgments not only in the field of the history of relations between the episcopate and monastic communities, but also regarding the development of canonical concepts within the church organization, revealing the peculiarities of these processes in different lands. Materials and methods. The main sources for this work were published and well-known sources on the early history of the Russian Church: ancient Russian chronicles, a collection of texts related to the history of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, 25 graffiti, as well as sources on the early history of the Antonius Romanin Monastery. Results. As a result, the author comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, the process of recognizing monastic settlements and institutions by episcopal cathedrals was complex and reflected the extremely difficult canonical and administrative situation in Russia. If in the initial stage, in the first century after the events of the Baptism, there was maximum freedom, expressed in the fact that the majority of monastic settlements were founded solely at the desire of the monks or at the will of the princes, then over time there is a tendency to expand the rights of the hierarchs in the control of monastic life. Conclusion. The first successful experience of full influence of the hierarchs on monastic life for the cathedrals is observed in the time of Prince Vsevolod and Metropolitan John the Baptist. However, the participation of bishops in the foundation of monasteries and the consecration of monastery churches became the norm only from the end of the 12th century. An exception to this series was Novgorod, where monastic life was brought under the control of the bishops already in the early 12th century. Secondly, it is obvious that in the initial stage of the Christianization of Russia, most monasteries were established without recognition from the episcopate. They simply did not need it. The only authority to which such settlements resorted was the princely authority.

Transfer and Deep Learning‐Based Gurmukhi Handwritten Word Classification Model

The world is having a vast collection of text with abandon of knowledge. However, it is a difficult and time‐taking process to manually read and recognize the text written in numerous regional scripts. The task becomes more critical with Gurmukhi script due to complex structure of characters motivated from the challenges in designing an error‐free and accurate classification model of Gurmukhi characters. In this paper, the author has customized the convolutional neural network model to classify handwritten Gurmukhi words. Furthermore, dataset has been prepared with 24000 handwritten Gurmukhi word images with 12 classes representing the month’s names. The dataset has been collected from 500 users of heterogeneous profession and age group. The dataset has been simulated using the proposed CNN model as well as various pretrained models named as ResNet 50, VGG19, and VGG16 at 100 epochs and 40 batch sizes. The proposed CNN model has obtained the best accuracy value of 0.9973, whereas the ResNet50 model has obtained the accuracy of 0.4015, VGG19 has obtained the accuracy of 0.7758, and the VGG16 model has obtained value accuracy of 0.8056. With the current accuracy rate, noncomplex architectural pattern, and prowess gained through learning using different writing styles, the proposed CNN model will be of great benefit to the researchers working in this area to use it in other ImageNet‐based classification problems.

Очаги эпической традиции на Урале

This article considers the origin and development of the epic tradition in the Urals region. Special attention is paid to the earliest known source of our knowledge of Russian epic texts — the book Drevnie rossiiske stikhotvoreniia, sobrannye Kirshei Danilovym (Ancient Russian poems collected by Kirsha Danilov), which was published in Moscow in 1804. The article examines the influence of this collection of texts on the epic tradition of the Urals region. It names the main performers and collectors who gathered and studied the epics of that area. The article also provides a list of the main plots of the epic texts that were found in archive materials and publications that were made by folklore researchers in the 19th and 20th centuries. The study compares and defines specific features of plots of epic texts from the collection of Kirsha Danilov and plots of texts that were recorded and published later.

Коммуникативная вариативность бытийной типовой синтаксической структуры в сургутском диалекте хантыйского языка

This paper considers the communicative variation in the Surgut dialect of Khanty, one of the indigenous languages of Siberia. A typical existential syntactic structure comprises three elements, to be referred to here as “subject,” “localizer,” and “predicate.” The prototypical meaning of this structure can be represented by simple existential sentences. The analysis covers 200 realizations of this structure sampled from a collection of texts representing different genres and idioms of the Surgut dialect. Four main variants of the structure are identified, taking into account both the constituent order and intonation structure. The realizations are grouped under the context in which they are used and their function in the text. These groups represent several distinct communicative situations in which the structure concerned is commonly used: discovering an object when observing a visible area, establishing the time, place, and main characters at the beginning of a text, switching attention to a new object, and others. These situations are grouped into three main situations determined by the position of the main focus on the subject, localizer, or predicate. Each main situation is associated with a specific communicative variant, in which the focal element is placed in such a way as to be emphasized intonationally. The realizations with pronominal adverbs in the localizer position are considered separately. It is in these cases that the focal subject causes two communicative variants that appear to be interchangeable, as no direct correlation between these communicative variants and the types of communicative situations has been found.

ChartWalk: Navigating large collections of text notes in electronic health records for clinical chart review.

Before seeing a patient for the first time, healthcare workers will typically conduct a comprehensive clinical chart review of the patient's electronic health record (EHR). Within the diverse documentation pieces included there, text notes are among the most important and thoroughly perused segments for this task; and yet they are among the least supported medium in terms of content navigation and overview. In this work, we delve deeper into the task of clinical chart review from a data visualization perspective and propose a hybrid graphics+text approach via ChartWalk, an interactive tool to support the review of text notes in EHRs. We report on our iterative design process grounded in input provided by a diverse range of healthcare professionals, with steps including: (a) initial requirements distilled from interviews and the literature, (b) an interim evaluation to validate design decisions, and (c) a task-based qualitative evaluation of our final design. We contribute lessons learned to better support the design of tools not only for clinical chart reviews but also other healthcare-related tasks around medical text analysis.

Конфессиональная составляющая национального самосознания русских во второй половине ХIХ – начале ХХ века (на материалах Среднего Урала)

This study is devoted to the national self-consciousness (identity) of Russians in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries through the prism of religious beliefs. The work was carried out based on the materials of the Middle Urals (Perm province). The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of confessional identification in the national selfconsciousness and to characterize the mechanisms of its formation by the religious environment. Unpublished personal archives of Ural local historians and collectors of folklore, archives of the authorities of the Perm province, articles from the mass media of the specified period, published materials and collections of texts of historians, philologists, linguists, speeches of priests and townsfolk recorded by contemporaries were used as sources for such an analysis. The analysis makes it possible to fix the confessional component in the manifestations of national self-consciousness. At the same time, the emphasis in the work is made on the Orthodox component of the official Church. The Old Believer ethnics and religious beliefs of the Russian population of the Urals are not considered in the study as having significant differences from the bulk of the Russian people. The work emphasizes that the most important components of the Russian national self-consciousness of the prerevolutionary era was the correlation of the supreme secular power (the tsar) with the spiritual power (the Orthodox Church), which resulted in the image of the sovereign as an archpastor. An important mechanism in the formation of this kind of views is the activity of priests and the intelligentsia and their patronage by the local and supreme authorities. At the same time, the study noted that the formation of such a national-confessional worldview has its roots in the popular Christian and pre-Christian beliefs and ideas.

The meaning and functions of pragmatic markers in Russian oral speech

* Review: Pragmatic Markers of Russian Everyday Speech: dictionary-monograph. Bogdanova-Beglaryan N. V. (comp., ed., forew.). The reviewed dictionary-monograph Pragmatic Markers of Russian Everyday Speech (St Petersburg, 2021) is devoted to the lexicographic description of pragmatic markers, considered as a class of discursive words whose typical features (absence of denotation, lexical and grammatical meanings, multi-categorization, multi-functionality) are manifested to the highest degree. The dictionary-monograph is the first dictionary that provides a detailed description of over 60 Russian discursive units in various contexts and in the variety of their functions, which makes it a unique phenomenon in modern Russian linguistic studies. The genre of the publication is defined not as a dictionary but as a dictionary-monograph, since the dictionary entries are not traditional. They are more like linguistic essays which include both common lexicographic zones and rich illustrative material, as well as the functions of the markers in speech. In addition, the description is given not in the genre of a dictionary but rather in the genre of a scientific article. All this provides extensive material important for understanding the functioning of markers in speech; without such data the dictionary of discursive units would not make sense. The dictionary is based on the results of work of many linguists while creating the corpora One speech day and Balanced annotated text collection and processing the richest material from these sources. The structure of the dictionary-monograph includes the editor’s preface, the dictionary of pragmatic markers itself, and some final reflections. The editor’s preface is a theoretical introduction that explains to the reader the point of view of the authors’ team on the units of the dictionary, and the results of the studies on how they function in speech. The most important part of the theoretical introduction is the typology of pragmatic markers based on the functions they perform in speech. The dictionary entry includes the headword, all the functions of the pragmatic marker, rich illustrative material from everyday speech for each of the marker’s functions and, in some cases, statistics on the use of the marker in a particular function. The dictionary clearly demonstrates multi-functionality of pragmatic markers. In conclusion, the author-compiler notes that the work on the dictionary is still in progress, and it is open for additions. A multimedia version of the dictionary is already available.

BPTI: Bilingual Printed Text Images Dataset for Recognition Purposes

Datasets of text images are important for optical text recognition systems. Such datasets can be used to enhance performance and recognition rates. In this research work, we present a bilingual dataset consists of Arabic/English text images to address the lack of availability of bilingual text databases. The presented dataset consists of 97812 text images, which are categorized into two groups; Scanned page and digitized line images. Images of the two forms are written with 10 fonts and four sizes, and prepared/scanned with four dpi resolutions. The dataset preparation process includes text collection, text editing, image construction, and image processing. The dataset can be used in optical text recognition, optical font recognition, language identification, and segmentation. Different text recognition and language identification experiments have been conducted using images of the dataset and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifier. For the digitized images recognition experiments, the best-achieved recognition correctness is 99.01% and the best accuracy is 99.01%. The font that has the highest recognition rates was Tahoma. For the scanned images recognition experiments, Tahoma has also shown the highest performance with 97.86% for correctness and 97.73% for accuracy. For the language identification experiments, Tahoma has shown the performance with 99.98% for word-language identification rate.

INDONESIA–AUSTRALIA MARITIME COOPERATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON INDONESIA’S MARITIME SECURITY AND SOVEREIGNTY

<p>Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) has provided a roadmap for realizing Indonesia’s maritime security and sovereignty with an active contribution regionally and globally. The research method used in this research is content analysis, which is an approach in qualitative research that in research that refers to systematic data and text collections that can be managed to support the research itself. The rise of transnational maritime crime has a major impact on why Indonesia and Australia are keen on building trust through maritime cooperation, for it has the potential to disrupt and threaten national development, therefore this research aims to the mapped diplomatic mechanism through GMF, as a framework that hostess Indonesia–Australia Maritime Cooperation and its plan of actions in ensuring Indonesia’s maritime security and sovereignty. The maritime cooperation between Indonesia and Australia has improved the integrated defense and security capabilities of both countries through capacity building, although the plan of action will end in 2022, therefore harnessing the longevity of the maritime cooperation is considered crucial. </p>

Application of Artificial Intelligence to improve Customer Understanding: Transformer based Topic Modeling in practice

Since the past few years, so-called pre-trained Language Models (PLM) are considered state-of-the-art in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and are thus experiencing widespread and successful application. In addition to traditional supervised Machine Learning (ML) tasks such as spam email or customer churn classification, this technology opens up advanced approaches to unsupervised learning and data analytics in general. One of particular interest is the automatic identification of latent topics within a large collection of texts, also known as Topic Modeling (TM). Such modelling approaches offer great potential, especially for industrial environments as well as the consumer goods market, to explore increasing amounts of data from diverse and constantly growing data sources. As a holistic concept, it can be utilized in a highly targeted and efficient manner for applications through an optimized combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud Computing (CC) systems.

Becoming Molecular as a Condition for Creating New Spaces of Freedom

This volume includes texts by authors who are explicitly inspired by the ecosophical pragmatics of Félix Guattari or who resonate with it. Published in a blend of English and Spanish, the thirteen articles were written by researchers, artists, art historians, philosophers, and schizoanalysts from Asia, America, and Europe. Their methods, ideas, and approaches highlight the ability of creative practice to map and engender complex, relational, singularized, transversal, and constitutive forms of life. Departing from bold analyses of capitalism’s mechanisms of subjection, their contributions describe how art is able to resist the repressive politics of dominant representations and mobilize processes of existential heterogenesis through molecular becomings. The origin of this publication is the IV International Symposium Mutant ecologies in contemporary art: machinic capitalism, molecular beings, and subsistence territories that took place online on November 25-26, 2020, which had as special guest the philosopher and art theorist Gerald Raunig. This special issue of the Journal of Global Studies and Contemporary Art builds on the project started with the book Mutating Ecologies in Contemporary Art (Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona) which investigated the conjunction of the ecological turn in contemporary art and Guattarian ecosophy to inquire about the role of art in light of the challenges posed by the environmental degradation and the socio-political crises of today. Thirty years after Guattari’s death and the publication of Chaosmosis (1992), this collection of texts testifies that Guattari’s clinical and critical analyses continue to infuse artistic, ecological, and political practice with a revolutionary potential.

Building and benchmarking the motivated deception corpus: Improving the quality of deceptive text through gaming

When one studies fake news or false reviews, the first step to take is to find a corpus of text samples to work with. However, most deceptive corpora suffer from an intrinsic problem: there is little incentive for the providers of the deception to put their best effort, which risks lowering the quality and realism of the deception. The corpus described in this project, the Motivated Deception Corpus, aims to rectify this problem by gamifying the process of deceptive text collection. By having subjects play the game Two Truths and a Lie, and by rewarding those subjects that successfully fool their peers, we collect samples in such a way that the process itself improves the quality of the text. We have amassed a large corpus of deceptive text that is strongly incentivized to be convincing, and thus more reflective of real deceptive text. We provide results from several configurations of neural network prediction models to establish machine learning benchmarks on the data. This new corpus is demonstratively more challenging to classify with the current state of the art than previous corpora.

Detecting Mentions of Green Practices in Social Media Based on Text Classification

The paper is devoted to the task of searching for mentions of green practices in social media texts. The relevance of this task is dictated by the need to expand existing knowledge about the use of green practices in society and the spread of existing green practices. This paper uses a text corpus consisting of the texts published on the environmental communities of the VKontakte social network. The corpus is equipped with an expert markup of the mention of nine types of green practices. As part of this work, a semi-automatic approach is proposed to the collection of additional texts to reduce the class imbalance in the corpus. The approach includes the following steps: detecting the most frequent words for each practice type; automatic collecting texts in social media that contain the detected frequent words; expert verification and filtering of collected texts. The four machine learning models are compared to find the mentions of green practices on the two variants of the corpus: original and augmented using the proposed approach. Among the listed models, the highest averaged F1-score (81.32%) was achieved by Conversational RuBERT fine-tuned on the augmented corpus. Conversational RuBERT model was chosen for the implementation of the application prototype. The main function of the prototype is to detect the presence of the mention of nine types of green practices in the text. The prototype is implemented in the form of the Telegram chatbot.