Collection Of Proverbs Research Articles

The Meanings of Face as Manifested in Moroccan Arabic Idioms and Proverbs

Face plays a pivotal role in human interaction. Indeed, it is a multifaceted construct that has various connotative meanings in different cultures. It has been used, in various contexts, to refer to social value, social status, self- image, reputation, dignity, honour, and several other notions. In this regard, the aim of this study is to explore the meanings and concepts associated with face in Moroccan Arabic (MA) idiomatic expressions and proverbs. To achieve this objective, the study used a corpus of 30 items from MA. Many expressions were collected by the researcher using his knowledge of MA as a native speaker and his discussions with different people both face-to-face and on social media. Some items of the corpus were collected from available collections of proverbs. The selection of the data has been based on the principle of currency. The data were transliterated and translated into English to explore the meanings and concepts associated with face in MA. The study showed that face in the Moroccan culture is closely related to shame or Moroccan hshuma and that it is associated with the inner state and character of people more than it does in English.

Toxicity in gendered Sepedi proverbs: A textual analysis

This article examines some linguistic features of Sepedi proverbs. The aim is to shed light on how toxic masculinity is manifested in proverbs and to contribute to the emerging research on masculinity. A literature search was first carried out on language use perceived to be contributing to injurious or toxic behaviour from men, barriers to help-seeking behaviour in men and the strategies they use to deal with their psychosocial issues. A collection of proverbs was then analysed according to their structural features. A hybrid descriptive-explanatory qualitative approach was used in analysing and describing the data. The proverbs’ analytic framework involved the semantic analysis of proverbs and three classes of meaning were identified, i.e. a literally translated meaning, a textual meaning and a figurative meaning. The first part of the analysis revealed similar structural properties according to different grammatical structures followed in the proverbs. The second part involved a more abstract level of analysis which was evaluative. Proverbs were categorised according to their potential impact on the formation of attitudes and norms of behaviour in a culture based on a continuum of toxicity. Some proverbs were determined to be harmful, while others were insensitive or discriminatory.

Aligning Sumbawanese Proverbs with Pancasila Learner Profile to Enhance Local Culture-based Character Education

The 2022 Independent Curriculum puts the Pancasila learner profile as one that frames character education. In our local context, Sumbawa Regent Regulation No. 33 2021 stipulates that character education be implemented by embracing the local values together with the national values of Pancasila. Thus, aligning Pancasila values with local values and knowledge is a good way to implement character education that is relevant nationally. For this reason, we have categorized 309 Sumbawanese proverbs into relevant key elements of Pancasila learner profile. The data were collected from a document, which contains the most complete collection of Sumbawanese proverbs each with its denotative and connotative meanings. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively with an element of quantification in grouping the proverbs into good and bad characters and in categorizing the proverbs based on Pancasila learner profile key elements. Our discussion shows how the proverbs strongly enhance the inculcation of Pancasila values through their antonymous metaphors and similes. In conclusion we suggest having selected Sumbawanese proverbs, developed as picture-based character learning materials and resources for use at school.
 Keywords: character education, Pancasila learner profile, proverbs, Sumbawanese

Mutual Images of Romanians and Hungarians in Proverbs Collected in the Nineteenth Century

This article analyzes Romanian and Hungarian proverbs collected in the nineteenth century that convey images of the Other. These were published mostly in the masive collections of proverbs, sayings, and riddles edited by András Dugonics, Ede Margalits, and Iuliu Zanne. Proverbs speak first of all about the differences between “us” and “them,” about the negative traits of those around us, by which we identify ourselves and which highlight our superiority and “normality” in relation to dangerous and peculiar strangers around us. Peasants did not reflect on their neighbours in order to outline an objective portrait of them, but to display and reinforce their own cultural features, setting themselves apart from the strangers surrounding them. For this reason, they usually mocked and did not praise the Other. Mockery and ridicule were much more common than positive assessments, regardless of whether the relations between the two communities were good or bad. In this general framework, the popular images of the two peasant communities were agreeable and conveyed a sense of closeness and familiarity rather than a high degree of otherness, as was the case with the imagological relationships maintained with the Gypsies or the Jews. Keywords: Romanians, Hungarians, proverbs, nineteenth century, historical imagology

USELESS EFFORT EXPRESSIONS IN INDONESIAN PROVERBS

This research article deals with Indonesian proverbs used to express “useless efforts” with focus of attention on the syntactic structures, and various causal factors that make the works expressed by the verbs impossible to realize. By using data collected from proverb collection book entitled 7700 Perribahasa Indonesia [7700 Indonesian Proverbs], it is found that the Indonesian proverbs convey useless efforts can be delivered through various types of syntactic structure: predicate-object (PO), conjunction-predicate-object (Conj-P-O), predicate-object-adverbial (P-O-Adv), conjunctionpredicate-object-adverbial (Conj-P-O-Adv), predicate-complement (P-Comp), predicate-adverbial (P-Adv), conjunction-predicate-adverbial (Conj-P-Adv), subject-predicate-object (S-P-O), subjectpredicate-adverbial (S-P-Adv), conjunction-predicate-adv (Conj-P-Adv), predicate-subject (P-S), and adverbial-subject-predicate (Adv-S-P). Based on these various types of structure, in the proverbs involving no subject slot, the impossibilities can be caused by the objects, object attributes, complements, and adverbials that explain the location, time, purpose, and instrument by which the efforts are executed. Meanwhile, in the proverbs involving subject constituent, the impossibilities are caused by the subjects filled by words or phrases of having referents human, non human, or entities which are improper or incapable realizing the actions.

Penggunaan Premises and Conclusions Gapped terhadap Makna “Memukul Dengan Rotan” Berdasarkan Amsal 23:14

Collections of Book Proverbs provide many thematic teachings such as: wealth, poverty, and parental upbringing to children. Much emphasis is also placed on teaching parents to children in collections of Proverbs, especially Proverbs 23:14. Proverbs 23:14 is widely used as a basis for teaching parents to children, especially in the meaning of the phrase "beat with a rattan." If using a qualitative sub-hermeneutic study, especially wisdom literature, this article finds the use of premises and conclusions gapped on the meaning of the phrase "beat with a rattan" in Proverbs 23:14. This is proven by the existence of a rationale for thinking in stich A in verse 14a from the use of "beating with a rattan" which gives consequences or results from wise upbringing to a child in stich B in verse 14b.

Idiomatic Toponymic Phrasemes in Bajan: Evidence from Amateur Paremiography

This study begins with the quantification of the paremiological inventory of Bajan, the English-based creole spoken in Barbados, by examining all the printed collections of proverbs, both amateur and professional, available to date. Consequently, by relying specifically on the amateur paremiographic work on Bajan compiled in 1987 by G. Addinton Forde, namely De Mortar-pestle: A Collection of Barbadian Proverbs, this article examines not just the proverbs but also the phrasemes which employ territorial place names found therein. In greater detail, this investigation is intended to show how the idiomatic use of such toponymic phrasemes yields cultural representations characterizing the unique worldview of Barbadians both within and outside the Anglophone Caribbean. Despite the fact that the colonial history of the island and the recollection of the slavery era are still undeniably evident in the toponymic Bajanisms considered, whose authentically local components are almost entirely drawn from the names of former plantations, the intrinsic Barbadianness that stands at their core is foregrounded.

한중속담의 역사적 연원 고찰

Korea, which used Chinese characters as characters in the past, has maintained a close relationship geographically and historically for a long time. As a result, various Chinese cultural elements influenced the exchange of language and culture between the two countries, such as the introduction of Korean classical literature, literary works, and proverbs. This can also be seen in the fact that Korean and Chinese proverbs have more similarities in expression and meaning than differences. In addition, from the 17th century to the 2nd century in the late Joseon Dynasty, some writers collected Korean proverbs and left a collection of Chinese-translated proverbs that translated them into Chinese characters. This is the result of the positive will of some intellectuals at the time to accept lower-class culture reflected in the consciousness of those who compiled a collection of Chinese-translated proverbs, and furthermore, the opportunity and driving force for Korean proverbs to be recognized as one of our classics that must be inherited and preserved in the modern era. It can be seen that this has happened.

Collections of Spanish paremias of the XVI century and their influenceon the development of folklore tradition

The article examines the works of folklore scientists who laid the foundations of Spanish paremiology. The subject of the study are collections of proverbs, sayings and other small genre forms published in Spain in the XVI century. The focus of attention is the famous apophthegmata of Melchor de Santa Cruz "Floresta española de apotegmas o sentencias, sabia y graciosamente dichas, de algunos españoles" (1574), which collected about a thousand texts and covers all aspects of the life of Spanish society. Along with other famous folklore collections of the XVI century by such authors as Juan de Timoneda, Juan de Mal Lara, Pedro Mejía, the work of Melchor de Santa Cruz influenced the formation of a scientific approach in Spanish folklore studies. The article provides a comparative analysis of collections of folklore texts of this period and emphasizes their influence on the development of Spanish folklore studies of subsequent centuries. The XVI century caused in Spain the rise of national consciousness, which is accompanied by an increase in scientific interest in the Spanish language, its lexical richness and grammatical system. Following the discovery of the New World, Spain is experiencing not only the rapid development of the science of folklore, but also the flowering of linguistic thought, based on the small genres of folklore in the issue of exemplification. The combination of short form and capacious content makes this group of genres attractive to linguists, folklorists, and Spanish writers of the Golden Age.

Elementi pučke pragmatike u bosanskim poslovicama

This paper discusses the views on pragmatic subjects explicitly mentioned or implied in Bosnian folk proverbs. For the purposes of the research, three collections of proverbs were analyzed: Narodno blago by M. K. Ljubušak (1887), Na nebu paučina by V. Gunić (1999) and Krajiške izreke i poslovice by A. Sijamhodžić (2017). In these collections many proverbs that deal with pragmatic subjects are recorded. Such proverbs are cited and commented upon in the central part of the paper. They mostly refer to the effects of language use, language as a sign of personality or identity, appropriateness, indirectness, politeness, speech acts (primarily promises, advice and compliments) and co-operation (Grice’s Cooperative Principle, its maxims, and hedges).

“In Proverbiis Non Semper Veritas”: Reflections on the Reprint of an Antisemitic Proverb Collection

Abstract: This article concerns the highly questionable 2016 reprint of Ernst Hiemer’s antisemitic proverb collection Der Jude im Sprichwort der Völker (1942, The Jew in the Proverbs of the People ). It begins with a glance at earlier antisemitic proverb collections while also reviewing some of the superb Yiddish and Jewish/Hebrew proverb collections and serious studies on this rich repertoire of proverbs. This is followed by a discussion of the misguided antisemitic publications of the nineteenth century that were precursors of even more slanderous and prejudiced collections that appeared during the time of National Socialism. It is shown that both traditional proverbs and invented pseudo-proverbs discrediting the Jewish population were used to manipulate public opinion in Nazi Germany by claiming that these proverbial stereotypes express absolute proverbial truths. A number of examples show that this campaign against the Jews is a clear indication that stereotypical proverbs can be extremely harmful and that they ultimately played a role in the Holocaust. Hiemer’s collection, published during the height of Nazi rule over Germany, is the most vicious antisemitic proverb compendium that should be a warning against such intentional misuse of stereotypical proverbs that have no truth value. Since it is available in libraries and on the Internet, it certainly should not have been reprinted for fear of fueling present-day antisemitism.

WINGED EXPRESSIONS OF SHERKHAN MURTAZA: NATIONAL CHARACTER AND FEATURES OF THEIR PRESENTATION

It takes a lot of skill to express each thought in a small and concise way. In this context, it is estimated that Sherkhan Murtaza is a great person. The harmony of spiritual origins, teaching ideas and substantive individuality as a folk writer can be clearly seen not only in the artistic works of Sherkhan Murtaza, but also in his own reflections written in different years. Founded the collection of proverbs by Great Abay was enriched by him in his own way, deeply imbued with folk wisdom, and successfully use them to raise folk problems. In this article, the importance of studying the national character of the sayings of the folk writer Sherkhan Murtaza is considered, and the features of the original transmission of thinking and teaching views are shown. In particular, the importance of the sayings of Sherkhan Murtaza, who has become a national sympathizer along with writing and acting has been demonstrated on various spiritual grounds in National Education. It is scientifically substantiated that some of the proverbs and sayings were often used among the people and became a kind of aphorism in relation to the most important national issues in it.

Features of Subjunctive Mood Forms Usage in Old Spanish Based on the Collection of Parables “Kalila and Dimna”

The article examines the characteristic features of the 13th century Spanish language (based on the collection of proverbs “Kalila and Dimna”), particularly the use of subjunctive mode: the future (Futuro del Subjuntivo) and the past (Imperfecto del Subjuntivo) of the conjunctive. Along with some other features of the Castilian romance morphological structure, the use of conjunctive forms demonstrates a low level of the language normalization, undergone a codification process in the 13th century.

Some Problems in the Collection of the book Ancient Ballads and Proverbs

"Ancient Ballads and Proverbs" is a collection of ancient ballads and proverbs written by Du Wenlan, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty.He is a master of the collection and research of ancient songs and proverbs.Many researchers attach great importance to the instrumental nature of the book, but seldom explore its academic nature.Thus, in the process of using the book, some highlights or problems were ignored.This article starts with the collection of ballads in "Ancient Ballads and Proverbs", and briefly analyzes its successes and some flaws.

Judeo-Spanish Proverbs from Bosnia: Compilers and Their Approaches

Abstract This article deals with four unpublished Judeo-Spanish proverb collections from post-Holocaust Bosnia that were gathered there by four different members of the Sephardic community: three men (Binjo Samokovlija, David Baruh, and Jakov Konforti) and one woman (Flora Eškenazi). I specifically examine two working techniques that these authors/collectors applied in order to safeguard and disseminate this important aspect of Sephardic oral tradition—namely, translating proverbs from Ladino to Serbo-Croatian; and the use of glosses. I argue that the choice of both techniques was conditioned by the audience for whom these proverbs were intended: translating proverbs to Serbo-Croatian aimed at accommodating the needs of the general readership in the country, while the introduction of glosses those of the Ladino-speaking Sephardim. I also examine the issue of interpreting proverbs once they appear decontextualized.

Ovos mendici medici. Criticism of medical doctors by Johannes Gregor Macer Szepsius (ca.1530-after 1579)

A relationship between literature and medicine has existed since antiquity. A physician often appears in the literary genre of satire as the representative of medicine and is the object of the satire. The barely known humanistic author Johannes Gregor Macer Szepsius (ca.1530-nach 1579) was a humanist who sharply criticized the work and behavior of physicians. We have read, translated and analyzed the satirical verses from his comprehensive poetical work De vera gloria, On the true glory, with respect to content, structure and sources. According to this, physicians are characterized by conceit, ignorance and laziness and therapeutic ineptitude. The comparison with other satirical works shows that much of that which he accuses physicians of is repeated in the history of medicine. Some places are similar to the proverbs from Walter's collection of proverbs from the Middle Ages and others are similar to the invectives of Petrarch. Macer also levels criticism against physicians in his poem about the family tree of his friend Anton Schneeberger that appears in Schneeberger's work De bona valetudine militum conservanda liber.

Proverbs of Animals in the Sumerian Cuneiform Sources

Proverbs of animals are the largest collection of Sumerian proverbs recorded so far, as we do not find an analogue of them in the Akkadian language. The Sumerian scribe likened the qualities possessed by animals to human qualities such as sincerity, loyalty, honesty, mercy and courage, as well as disgraceful qualities such as treachery, betrayal, arrogance, boldness and gluttony, cruelty and applied them on animals believed to have such qualities to avoid confronting them and to prevent their evil. Proverbs mentioned a number of animals and focused on recording wild animals such as lion, fox, deer, bear, moose and others. As for domesticated animals such as dogs and cattle of all kinds and the rest of the animals which he domesticated and relied on in his daily life at that time. As for birds, a number of them were mentioned, such as crows and owls, and insects including locusts and flies were mentioned in some proverbs.

Культура жизнеобеспечения и язык хантов: прагматика, синтактика, образность

The article is devoted to one aspect of the linguistic justification of the connection between language and culture: the identification in the lexicon, syntactic models and figurative schemes of the language of units with a figurative and potential conceptual meaning. The presentation is based on the analysis of the material of the Khanty language, for comparison, data from the Russian and Khakass languages are used. From the standpoint of linguistic typology, common words denoting geographical objects, certain categories of earth names, the names of the most common representatives of the fauna, as well as words that make up the core of the vocabulary of economic activity are considered. As sources of illustrative material, samples of colloquial speech, proverbs and aphorisms of the Khanty people, works of art in the Khanty language are used. The empirical basis of the study was the author’s records of the Khanty spoken language, dictionaries of the Khanty language, a collection of Khanty proverbs, sayings and aphorisms. As a result of the study, the range of the most indicative words and idioms of the Khanty language with a distinct cognitive, pragmatic, worldview basis is outlined. The methods used are the method of typological interpretation of lexical material and the descriptive method. When analyzing the semantics of lexical units, special attention is paid to the identification of regular idioms: it is the combination reserve that is the basis for the development of further connotations, the logical conclusion of which is the participation of certain words in idioms. Analysis of language material at the specified angle of view makes it possible to identify distinctive cognitive and communicative-pragmatic features of the language. The conclusion that natural language provides its speakers with the richest tools for expressing all possible, any thoughts is also natural.

Archaic Vocabulary in Karachay-Balkar Paroemias

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the functional and semantic characteristics of proverbs and sayings characterized by an anthropocentric orientation, which correlates with the modern regulatory-activity paradigm of studying objects of language and speech. The purpose of the study is a multi-aspect study of paremias with obligatory archaic lexemes reflecting the ethno-cultural realities of the Karachay-Balkarian ethnos. To achieve this goal, the article solves the tasks that are focused on determining the register of paremias with archaisms and historicisms, identifying and describing their functional and semantic features, as well as ethno-cultural significance. The material of the study was the paroemias selected by continuous sampling from the available collections of Karachay-Balkarian proverbs and sayings. The choice of methods of linguistic analysis is determined by the specifics of the material under study. In the work, along with the descriptive method, elements of conceptual, cognitive analyses are used in the context of the problems of ethnolinguistics and linguofolcloristics. Of the particular methods of semantic analysis, taxonomy and linguoculturological interpretation are used. The analysis of the available factual material allows us to come to the conclusion that, according to the lexico-semantic status, archaic words are divided into lexical and semantic archaisms. From the point of view of partial origin, obsolete words are mostly represented by nouns, adjectives and verbs, among which there are both regionalisms and dialectisms belonging to various lexical and thematic groups. Archaic lexemes, due to their ethno-cultural significance, contribute to the reflection of important segments of the Karachay-Balkar linguistic picture of the world encoded in the paroemias.of the Karachay-Balkar linguistic picture of the world encoded in the paroemias.

Assessment of digital knowledge and research skills and overview of on going work at the national level, forecasting. Concepts of digitization

Even though it is impossible to determine when proverbs and sayings developed as one of the most common genres of folk literature, its history is closely related to the formation of oral speech and the enrichment of the shades of the meaning of the language. Even though proverbs and sayings turned out to be an integral part of oral speech and were occasionally recorded in epics, fairy tales, and folk stories in classical literature, particularly in large-volume works of written folklore literature, this part of paremiological units was not recorded in a separate collection, and perhaps there was no need for it in the Middle Ages. Because proverbs that are brief in form, deep in meaning, and distinguished for their accurate direction of thought during conversation are simpler, easier to remember, and less likely to be forgotten compared to epics and large-scale folkloric writings. This explains why there are so few collections of proverbs and sayings compared to epics and extensive folklore works of other genres that were recorded in earlier times. In general, today, we consider a written version of any epic, fairy tale, narrative, or other oral folk literature to be a rare literary work if it is discovered in a treasure, a private archive. The scientific community always reacted to such findings with great interest and attention. Therefore, the focus of folklore studies has always been on the sources in which proverbs were recorded.