Культура жизнеобеспечения и язык хантов: прагматика, синтактика, образность

Abstract

The article is devoted to one aspect of the linguistic justification of the connection between language and culture: the identification in the lexicon, syntactic models and figurative schemes of the language of units with a figurative and potential conceptual meaning. The presentation is based on the analysis of the material of the Khanty language, for comparison, data from the Russian and Khakass languages are used. From the standpoint of linguistic typology, common words denoting geographical objects, certain categories of earth names, the names of the most common representatives of the fauna, as well as words that make up the core of the vocabulary of economic activity are considered. As sources of illustrative material, samples of colloquial speech, proverbs and aphorisms of the Khanty people, works of art in the Khanty language are used. The empirical basis of the study was the author’s records of the Khanty spoken language, dictionaries of the Khanty language, a collection of Khanty proverbs, sayings and aphorisms. As a result of the study, the range of the most indicative words and idioms of the Khanty language with a distinct cognitive, pragmatic, worldview basis is outlined. The methods used are the method of typological interpretation of lexical material and the descriptive method. When analyzing the semantics of lexical units, special attention is paid to the identification of regular idioms: it is the combination reserve that is the basis for the development of further connotations, the logical conclusion of which is the participation of certain words in idioms. Analysis of language material at the specified angle of view makes it possible to identify distinctive cognitive and communicative-pragmatic features of the language. The conclusion that natural language provides its speakers with the richest tools for expressing all possible, any thoughts is also natural.