Collateral Effects Research Articles

With or against others? Pay-for-Performance activates aggressive aspects of competitiveness

ABSTRACT While paying employees for performance (PfP) has been shown to elicit increased motivation by way of competitive processes, the present paper investigates whether the same competitive processes inherent in PfP can also encourage aggressiveness. We tested our hypothesis in three studies that conceptually build on each other: First, in a word completion experiment (N = 104), we find that PfP triggers the implicit activation of the fighting and defeating facets of competitiveness. Second, in a multi-source field study (N = 94), co-workers reported more interpersonal deviance from colleagues when the latter received a performance bonus than when they did not. In our final field study (N = 286), we tested the full model, assessing the effect of PfP and interpersonal deviance mediated by competitiveness: Employees with a bonus self-reported higher interpersonal deviance towards their co-workers, which was mediated by individual competitiveness. These findings underscore that PfP can entail powerful yet widely unstudied collateral effects.

House prices, housing wealth and financial well-being

The causal chain between house price variation and observable changes in economic behavior including consumption requires that individuals perceive the impact of house price movements on their household wealth and recognize the impact on their financial situation. In this paper we establish evidence for the first link in this causal chain by investigating the effect of house price variation on perceived financial well-being using longitudinal information on subjective financial satisfaction. Exploiting substantial variation in local house prices in Australia across time, we find that plausibly exogenous unanticipated increases in local house prices improve the perceived financial well-being of home owners. The impact is strongest for mortgage owners, suggesting a strong collateral effect. We also highlight important asymmetries in the effects of house price shocks on perceived financial well-being associated with both the direction of the house price shock and tenure status. Mortgage owners exhibit more significant changes in their financial well-being in response to positive house price shocks. Furthermore, we highlight a weaker wealth effect for individuals that are liquidity constrained suggesting that these constraints are important for understanding responses to housing wealth shocks.

Health of International Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.

BackgroundThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and control measures adopted have had a disproportionate impact on workers, with migrants being a group specifically affected but poorly studied. This scoping review aims to describe the evidence published on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of migrant workers.MethodsPapers written in English covering physical and mental health among international migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, retrieved from six electronic databases searched on July 31, 2021, were included. A total of 1,096 references were extracted, of which 26 studies were finally included.ResultsMost of the migrant populations studied were born in Asia (16 of 26) and Latin America (8 of 26) and were essential workers (15 of 26). Few studies described the length of stay in the host country (9 of 26), the legal status of the migrant population (6 of 26), or established comparison groups (7 of 26). Ten studies described COVID-19 outbreaks with high infection rates. Fourteen studies evaluated mental health (anxiety, depression, worries, fears, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder). Three of the 26 studies presented collateral positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of improved hygiene.ConclusionThere is a limited number of original publications related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of migrant workers around the world. These publications mainly focus on migrants born in Asia and Latin America. The physical, long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has, so far, not been evaluated. The positive collateral effects of improving healthcare conditions for migrant workers should also be further investigated.

The Coronary Collateral Artery: The Prognostic Importance and Functional Relevance

Coronary collateral artery (CCA) is an alternative source of blood supply to an ischemic myocardial region. It is generally believed that there is a beneficial effect of collaterals in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recently, reliable methods have become available for the assessment of the adequacy of collateral flow. However, the debate regarding the importance of CCA in the different clinical settings continues. In this review article, we discuss about the functional relevance of CCA to provide an overview of its impact on the prognosis of patients with CAD.

The counterbalancing effects of energy expenditure on body weight regulation: Orexigenic versus energy-consuming mechanisms.

ObjectiveWeight change is a dynamic function of whole‐body energy balance resulting from the interplay between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Recent reports have provided evidence for the existence of a causal effect of EE on energy intake, suggesting that increased EE may drive overeating, thereby promoting future weight gain. This study investigated the relationships between ad libitum energy intake and 24‐hour EE (24‐h EE) in sedentary conditions versus long‐term, free‐living weight change using a mediation analysis framework.MethodsNative American individuals (n = 61, body fat by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry: 39.7% [SD 9.5%]) were admitted to the clinical inpatient unit and had baseline measurements as follows: 1) 24‐h EE accurately measured in a whole‐room indirect calorimeter during energy balance and weight stability; and 2) ad libitum energy intake objectively assessed for 3 days using computerized vending machines. Free‐living weight change was assessed after a median follow‐up time of 1.7 years (interquartile range: 1.2‐2.9).ResultsThe total effect of 24‐h EE on weight change (−0.23 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) could be partitioned into the following two independent and counterbalanced effects: higher EE protective against weight gain (−0.46 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) and an orexigenic effect promoting overeating, thereby favoring weight gain (+0.23 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline).ConclusionsThe overall impact of EE on body weight regulation should be evaluated by also considering its collateral effect on energy intake. Any weight loss intervention aimed to induce energy deficits by increasing EE should take into account any potential orexigenic effects that promote compensatory overeating, thereby limiting the efficacy of these obesity therapies.

Mechanical support for the failing single ventricle after Fontan

Mechanical support for the failing single ventricle after Fontan

Research Hotspots and Trend Exploration on the Clinical Translational Outcome of Simulation-Based Medical Education: A 10-Year Scientific Bibliometric Analysis From 2011 to 2021.

BackgroundIn recent decades, an increasing number of studies have focused on the clinical translational effect of simulation-based medical education (SBME). However, few scientific bibliometric studies have analyzed the research hotspots and publication trends. This study aimed to investigate research hotspots and future direction in the clinical translational outcome of SBME via bibliometrics.MethodRelevant publications on the clinical translational outcomes of SBME from 2011 to 2021 were identified and retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Software including VOSviewer (1.6.17) and CiteSpace (5.8R3) and a platform (bibliometric.com) were employed to conduct bibliographic and visualized analysis on the literature.ResultsA total of 1,178 publications were enrolled. An increasing number of publications were observed in the past decades from 48 in 2011 to 175 in 2021. The United States accounted for the largest number of publications (488, 41.4%) and citations (10,432); the University of Toronto and Northwestern University were the leading institutions. Academic Medicine was the most productive journal concerning this field. McGaghie W C and Konge L were the most influential authors in this area. The hot topic of the translational outcome of SBME was divided into 3 stages, laboratory phase, individual skill improvement, and patient outcome involving both technical skills and non-technical skills. Translational research of comprehensive impact and collateral outcomes could be obtained in the future.ConclusionFrom the overall trend of 10 years of research, we can see that the research is roughly divided into three phases, from laboratory stage, individual skill improvement to the patient outcomes, and comprehensive impacts such as skill retention and collateral effect as cost-effectiveness is a major trend of future research. More objective evaluation measurement should be designed to assess the diverse impact and further meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials are needed to provide more clinical evidence of SBME as translational science.

Pharmacologie du cannabidiol : points de vigilance, conséquences et risques chez l’homme

Scientific knowledge about cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrates that CBD is a substance that is not pharmacologically inert. If it does not act efficiently on cannabinoid receptors (those where tetrahydrocannabidol [THC] is fixed), it acts on brain receptors, especially on dopamine and serotonin receptors, making it a psychoactive product in its own right. Its consumption can thus have psychoactive effects, such as sedation and drowsiness for example. In humans, interactions between CBD and drugs such as anti-epileptics, anticoagulants, immunosuppressants or methadone, have been highlighted. Therefore, the drug treatment of patients with chronic diseases may be impacted because of the unknown interaction with CBD. In addition, a recent experimental study has shown that the use of CBD by vaping (e-cigarette) generated by pyrolysis, products containing THC; it could result in possible negative health consequences for the user in terms of clinical effects and/or collateral effects (including on driving). Finally, therapeutic claims (outside of authorized drugs) that are purely speculative at this stage may divert users from proven management (stopping their drug treatment in favor of CBD or "self-medication"). All these data underline the importance of implementing measures related to the accessibility of CBD in order to avoid public health consequences and to better protect the users.

Collateral Effects and Mortality of Kidney Transplant Recipients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Collateral effects and consequences of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on kidney transplant recipients remain widely unknown. This retrospective cohort study examined changes in admission rates, incidences of diseases leading to hospitalization, in-patient procedures, and maintenance medication in long-term kidney transplant recipients with functioning graft during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Data were derived from a nationwide health insurance database. Analysis was performed from March 15 to September 30 and compared the years 2019 and 2020. Effects on mortality and adverse allograft events were compared with COVID-19-attributed effects. A total of 7725 patients were included in the final analysis. Admissions declined in 2020 by 17%, with the main dip during a 3-month lockdown (-31%) but without a subsequent rebound. Incidences for hospitalization did not increase for any investigated disease entities, whereas decreasing trends were noted for non-COVID-19 pulmonary and urogenital infections (incidence rate ratio 0.8, 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.03, and 0.82, 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.04, respectively). Non-COVID-19 hospital stays were 0.6 days shorter (P=0.03) and not complicated by increased dialysis, ventilation, or intensive care treatment rates. In-hospital and 90-day mortality remained stable. Incidences of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization was 0.09 per 1000 patient-days, and in-hospital mortality was 9%. A third (31%) of patients with calcineurin-inhibitor medication and without being hospitalized for COVID-19 reduced doses by at least 25%, which was associated with an increased allograft rejection risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.29, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.63). COVID-19 caused 17% of all deaths but had no significant association with allograft rejections. All-cause mortality remained stable (incidence rate ratio 1.15, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.46), also when restricting analysis to patients with no or outpatient-treated COVID-19 (0.97, 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.25). Despite significant collateral effects, mortality remained unchanged during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Considerable temporary reductions in admissions are safe, whereas reducing immunosuppression results in increased allograft rejection risk.

Habitat thermal quality for Gopherus evgoodei in tropical deciduous forest and consequences of habitat modification by buffelgrass

Tortoises of the genus Gopherus evolved in North America and have survived major environmental challenges in the past 40 million years. However, this genus now faces multiple anthropogenic threats, such as the introduction of invasive plant species. Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is considered one of the greatest threats to arid and tropical ecosystems, where gopher tortoises inhabit, because the grass displaces native flora and fauna. Modification of the environment as a result of this invasive plant portends an alteration of the available thermal landscape. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to evaluate the thermal quality of the primary habitat of Gopherus evgoodei (tropical deciduous forest [TDF], and 2) determine the potential thermal changes due to habitat modification by buffelgrass. First, we obtained data on body temperature of active tortoises in semi-captivity. Second, we measured the operative environmental temperature during 5 years at three sites south of Sonora, Mexico that support G. evgoodei: a) a pristine TDF (Conserved-TDF); b) a forest patch surrounded by introduced buffelgrass pasture (Partial-TDF); and c) an introduced buffelgrass pasture area (Buffel-Pasture). Our results demonstrate that the intact microhabitats within the TDF provide G. evgoodei with high thermal quality at both spatial and temporal scales. However modified habitat by buffelgrass had higher operative temperatures for G. evgoodei than TDF. The thermal quality of the sites disturbed with buffelgrass can exceed the thermal requirements of G. evgoodei by up to 25 °C. Finally, we discussed potential collateral effects of habitat modification by invasion by buffelgrass.

An Overview of the Audiobook Marketplace in Spain

The general objective of this research is to analyze, through a descriptive methodology, the impact that audiobooks have on internal processes in the value chain of Spanish publishers. To this are added two more specific objectives related to answer the following questions: (a) how to include the agents of the audiobook in the publishing circuit?, and (b) is this new business model consolidated within the Spanish publishing sector? Through the analysis of the publishing circuit and the production flow chart, it is possible to observe not only the impact of the audiobook on the entire operational process of a publisher but the new actors in the publishing business scene. Based on the existing data on the audiobook business in Spain, the study concludes that today, the Spanish publishing sector has recently begun to perceive the economic potential of this sound format. The confinement by COVID-19 has led to a collateral effect on the production, marketing, and consumption of audiobooks, driven by the two large publishing groups that dominate the book market in Spain.

Rapid Detection of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a-Based Lateral Flow Strip.

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a dsDNA virus that can cause serious, highly infectious, and fatal diseases in wild boars and domestic pigs. The ASFV has brought enormous economic loss to many countries, and no effective vaccine or treatment for the ASFV is currently available. Therefore, the on-site rapid and accurate detection of the ASFV is key to the timely implementation of control. The RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR effector CRISPR-associated 13 (Cas13a; previously known as C2c2) exhibits a “collateral effect” of promiscuous RNase activity upon the target recognition. The collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a is activated to degrade the non-targeted RNA, when the crRNA of LwCas13a binds to the target RNA. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive ASFV detection method based on the collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a, which combines recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and a lateral flow strip (named CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD). The method was an isothermal detection at 37 °C, and the detection can be used for visual readout. The detection limit of the CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD was 101 copies/µL of p72 gene per reaction, and the detection process can be completed within an hour. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to eight other swine viruses, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and has a 100% coincidence rate with real-time PCR detection of the ASFV in 83 clinical samples. Overall, this method is sensitive, specific, and practicable onsite for the ASFV detection, showing a great application potential for monitoring the ASFV in the field.

The effect of collateral on small business rationing of term loans and lines of credit ⁎

The effect of collateral on small business rationing of term loans and lines of credit ⁎

Helping individuals in the sex trade during COVID-19: The perspectives of Israeli aid organizations.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a collateral effect on marginalized populations, including individuals in the sex trade (IST). In addition, the literature of the past year has documented a significant impact of the pandemic on healthcare providers. However, there is a lack of research on the new challenges and existing hardships facing aid organizations working with IST populations. This naturalistic qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 33 IST aid organization workers in Israel between May and July 2020 to capture their perceptions and experiences within broader social-relational contexts. Data analysis revealed that the pandemic impacted three different arenas: The assistance systems and the quality of care; The relationship between aid organizations and state authorities; and The intraorganizational and interorganizational relationship. These findings add to the knowledge about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on aid organizations, particularly the need for greater collaboration between aid organizations during health crises and governmental support for these organizations. In addition, the study highlights the opportunities that a global and local health crisis can create advancing new knowledge and practices used by aid organizations in their work to assist IST populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Hemocytic cell line from the moth Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) response to essential oils from Artemisia annua (Asterales: Asteraceae).

Extensive usage of synthetic chemical pesticides has collateral effects in harming human and animal health and the environment and promoting the development of resistance in pests. The potential of plant compounds as bio insecticides has been described as a promising field of agricultural development. The present study involved the use of Artemisia annua essential oils to evaluate their cytotoxic activities against an established cell line of lesser mulberry pyralid. Five types of hemocytes were recognized (prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytoids, and spherulocytes) in the primary cultures maintained in Ex-Cell media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Artemisia annua essential oils produced noticeable cytotoxicity against the insect cell lines. Applied at a concentration 500ppm, oils extracted from the vegetative or flowering stages of A. annua produced 71% and 80% cell death, respectively. Nanoemulsions of EOs from the vegetative or flowering stages of A. annua killed 67 and 60% of the cells, respectively. This study has clearly shown significant bioactivities of A. annua secondary metabolites to insect cell lines.

Collateral Effects: The Role of FinTech in Small Business Lending

Collateral Effects: The Role of FinTech in Small Business Lending

Real Estate Price, Shadow Banking, and Investment: the Mix of Collateral and Crowding-Out Effects

Real Estate Price, Shadow Banking, and Investment: the Mix of Collateral and Crowding-Out Effects

The collateral effect of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols on spine patients with neuromuscular scoliosis

The collateral effect of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols on spine patients with neuromuscular scoliosis

Domestic Violence Current Legal Status: Psychiatric Evaluation of Victims and Offenders.

Domestic Violence Current Legal Status: Psychiatric Evaluation of Victims and Offenders.

Simulation-Based System Improvement with Work Domain Functional Analysis: A Large-Size Product Manufacturing Case Study

Manufacturing companies worldwide have recently experienced challenging times due to a lack of staff, materials, and components. This has mainly been caused by abrupted logistics chains and collateral effects of the last pandemic situation. Ideally, resilience engineering systems, systems that have recovery capacity from difficulties, are prepared to overcome changes in demand and disruption in production. However, lack of flexibility, adaptability, and available digital data limit the implementation of resilience systems. To overcome this problem with a high number of interrelations considering human-machine interactions, a methodology including Discrete-Event Simulation, Work Domain Analysis, and Functional Resonance Analysis Method is proposed to design, analyze, and improve complex manufacturing systems. These tools allow deeper analysis of the interrelations of the system at different abstraction levels and both with quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Going through an industrial case study, the aim is to increase the capacity and resilience of a leisure-boat manufacturing company producing highly-customized large-size products, which adds additional constraints to the problem. The objectives are to increase flexibility and productivity at the same time as maintaining high-quality product standards. The results highlight the identification of some constraints of the system such as the main production bottleneck, lack of space, and a limited number of transports, molds, and skilled personnel. The implementation and results of the methodology have proved to serve as a decision-support tool, providing insight about limitations of the system to managers and stakeholders, as well as a guideline for increasing capacity and resilience of the manufacturing process.