Collaborative Process Research Articles

Research on Collaborative Strategy of Supply Chain Management under the Background of NIKE Mass Customization

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of technology and the popularization of the Internet, consumers' demand for personalized products is increasingly high. Traditional production modes have been unable to meet consumers' demands for product uniqueness and personalized experiences, which requires manufacturing enterprises to shift towards mass customization modes with unique advantages in production efficiency and cost control. Taking Nike as an example, this paper analyzes its supply chain problems based on its financial report. It then explores Nike's mass customization process using C2M and 3D printing, as well as information collaboration methods in the supply chain. Additionally, the paper analyzes AR-based virtual fitting technology and evaluates Nike's internal matrix organizational structure for customization and collaboration. From the perspectives of Nike's technology level and internal organizational structure, this paper analyzes the supply chain management and information collaboration process in its mass customization process, aiming to provide references for related manufacturing industries in enterprise operation and technology application during the mass customization process.

Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts.

Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King's Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient's trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN TRAINING ON THE TRANSITIONING OF LEARNERS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY FROM SCHOOL TO EMPLOYMENT IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

This study sought to investigate parental involvement and transitioning of learners with intellectual disabilities from school to employment in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 5 SNE centers, 65 SNE teachers, 5 head teachers and 900 parents with learners with ID. Purposive sampling was used to obtain the 5 SNE centers, 65 SNE teachers and 5 head teachers who were used for the study, while stratified sampling techniques were used to obtain 90 parents to participate in the study. Questionnaires for SNE teachers, interview schedules for head teachers, and focus group discussions for parents were administered for primary data collection. The validity and reliability of the instruments was ascertained through pilot testing. Data collected was subjected to Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis and presented using frequency tables, percentages and figures. The study findings revealed concerning gaps and challenges. Teachers expressed mixed perceptions regarding parental understanding of ID needs (11.3% strongly disagreeing, 16.1% disagreeing, 27.4% unsure, 33.9% agreeing, 11.3% strongly agreeing). Similarly, there were discrepancies in perceptions of parental involvement in training programs (11.3% strongly disagreeing) and satisfaction with communication about transition (22.6% strongly disagreeing). The study concluded that parental involvement is critical in supporting the successful transition of learners with ID from school to employment. The dissatisfaction expressed by teachers regarding the overall collaboration and transition planning process indicates a clear need for schools to enhance communication strategies, establish structured engagement opportunities, and provide more support for parental involvement. The study recommended that school administrators should promote inclusive policies that mandate schools to engage parents as equal partners in the identification and planning processes for learners with ID. Provide resources and training for educators to facilitate effective collaboration with parents, ensuring that transition plans are tailored to meet each child's unique needs. The Ministry of Education, through quality assurance, should conduct training sessions for educators focused on effective communication strategies with parents of learners with ID. These sessions should emphasize the importance of clear, accessible, and culturally sensitive communication.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0735/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The CAMPUS Study: A Systems Approach to Alcohol-Involved Sexual Violence on College Campuses.

Developing a better mechanistic and multilevel understanding of sexual violence on college campuses can help us evaluate and implement existing interventions, as well as develop new ones. We brought together scientists, practitioners, and college students to collaboratively characterize the systems surrounding alcohol-involved sexual violence on college campuses. Using collaborative model-building, they created models that highlight interconnected and multilevel influences and consequences of sexual violence. Collaborative model-building activities involved two collaborator groups (twelve students and eight practitioners) and a core modeling team (seven scientists). Each collaborator group met for four two-hour sessions to develop systems models of alcohol use and sexual violence on college campuses. The core modeling team facilitated each session and worked between sessions to ensure the successful development of the model. Specific activities included identifying and prioritizing the causes and consequences of alcohol-involved sexual violence, characterizing the causal relationships between these factors, and developing and modifying causal loop diagrams to illustrate these relationships. Both students and practitioners identified key causes and consequences, including both individual-level (e.g., drinking to intoxication) and campus-level (e.g., institutional support for survivors) constructs. Both groups identified the causal relationships between these variables and identified salient, modifiable mechanisms for reducing alcohol-involved sexual violence. The collaborative model-building process successfully included diverse collaborator voices, integrating influential factors across multiple social-ecological levels. This iterative and capability-building approach can bridge intensive modeling efforts with the implementation and development of more effective sexual violence interventions.

M-Poma: Innovative Technology for Boosting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices

Background: The Indonesian Health Survey data indicates that exclusive breastfeeding coverage is projected to reach 55.5% in 2023, with Aceh showing a lower rate of 49.9%. In Aceh Besar, the coverage was reported at 55.9% in 2022. Notably, women from low-income backgrounds are less likely to engage in breastfeeding practices by the second day postpartum compared to their higher-income counterparts. To address this disparity, the use of smartphone applications offering educational videos about breastfeeding and infant behavior has emerged as a preferred method, particularly among low-income mothers. Objective: This study aims to develop a mobile application called “POMA” (M-POMA) to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practices among infants in the Kuta Baro District of Aceh Besar. Methodology: A Research and Development (R&D) approach was employed to create the Android-based M-Poma application. The development process spanned two years: the first year focused on application design and functionality, while the second year involved training sessions for 25 midwives and 25 community health cadres. These training sessions were critical for testing the application and gathering user feedback. Results: Based on the first year of research, the M Poma application was developed through a collaborative process, including FGDs and in-depth interviews, to ensure the application meets the needs of the community. Year 2 training was conducted for cadres and midwives to provide their valuable input on the application. The M-Poma application has been developed to support exclusive breastfeeding, which is essential for improving infant health. Feedback from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) highlighted the need for content on exclusive breastfeeding, user profiles, and case examples. Training sessions with midwives and community health cadres confirmed that the application is user-friendly, featuring an attractive interface and clear educational materials. Respondents emphasized the importance of a simple login process, engaging visuals, and easily accessible content. The majority of participants found the application’s features intuitive and appreciated the ease of data management within user profiles. Conclusion: While the M-POMA application has made considerable strides, there are still areas that require revision. We highly value the feedback provided by users and remain dedicated to enhancing the application to ensure it is both appealing and efficient.

Fighting for Justice for Women who Kill Abusive Partners

This article examines the collaborative process involved in campaigning for and representing women appealing murder convictions, highlighting the power of positive collaboration between lawyers, campaigners, frontline experts and the women themselves. Pragna Patel and Harriet Wistrich, who first met while protesting in the early 1990s outside the Royal Courts of Justice in London, have been pivotal figures in this movement. Patel has dedicated four decades to Southall Black Sisters, an organisation advocating for black and minority women. Wistrich co-founded Justice for Women and later specialised in representing women victim-survivors of male violence, challenging discrimination in the criminal justice system. Their collaboration has led to significant precedent-setting murder appeals and reforms in domestic homicide law. This article reflects on their enduring involvement spanning three decades, detailing their efforts in individual cases and legislative reforms. Their approach focuses on obtaining detailed personal accounts from women and building legal strategies around them, aiming to challenge convictions through a feminist lens. Recently, their collaborative efforts prompted the United Kingdom government to commission the Law Commission to review defences in cases of homicide. This underscores their enduring impact in fighting for justice for women who kill their abusive partners and effecting legal change.

Land Cover Mapping in West Africa: A Collaborative Process

The availability of current land cover and land use (LCLU) information for monitoring the status of land resources has considerable value in ensuring sustainable land use planning and development. Similarly, the need to provide updated information on the extent of LCLU change in West Africa has become apparent, given the increasing demand for land resources driven by rapid population growth. Over the past decade, multiple projects have been undertaken to produce regional and national land cover maps. However, using different classification systems and legends has made updating and sharing land cover information challenging. This has resulted in the inefficient use of human and financial resources. The development of the Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards offers an opportunity to create a standardized classification system. This system would enable easier integration of regional and national data, efficient management of information, and better resource utilization in West Africa. This article emphasizes the process and the need for multistakeholder collaboration in developing a standardized land cover classification system for West Africa, which is currently nonexistent. It presents the survey data collected to evaluate historical, current, and future land cover mapping projects in the region and provides relevant use cases as examples for operationalizing a standardized land cover classification legend for West Africa.

Collaborative Autoethnography of Cancer Patients' Dynamic Sense of Agency.

Through collaborative autoethnography, we studied shifts in cancer patients' sense of agency and the meaning of cancer during the diagnostic and treatment phases. This article contributes to the illness management literature by adopting sense of agency perspective that provides new understanding of retrospective interpretation of cancer patients' agency. The authors' experiences of receiving cancer diagnoses and a related, collectively written story illustrate how relational and contextual elements facilitate rapid shifts in cancer patients' sense of agency and illness management. The findings illustrate shifts in the sense of agency as a collaborative and reflexive process between cognitive, emotional, and bodily constraints and adjustments. We demonstrate how shifts in patients' sense of agency and respective changes in meanings attached to cancer were shaped by near ones, healthcare actors, and other cancer patients, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic and the fear of military conflict due to Finland neighbor Russia's war on Ukraine. Furthermore, the study illustrates how shifts in sense of agency shape and are shaped by changes in the understanding of cancer as either a secondary issue, ambiguous stranger, travel companion, or enemy.

Give Credit Where It’s Due: The Ethical Imperatives of Authorship Attribution in Collaborative Research

This article proposes practical steps for those new to collaborative research or those seeking to improve the nature of collaborative research partnerships. Questioning academia’s exaltation of publications and authorship as coveted assets, the authors critically analyze the often complex, contentious, and ambiguous environment of collaborative research and negotiating authorship. With respect to academic publishing and ethics of authorship, this article grapples with two critical questions: (1) What factors create ethical dilemmas in authorship in academia? (2) How can academics and researchers better navigate the complexities of collaborative research to sustain ethical authorship practices? A seven-phase process model is proposed to guide the collaborative research process to mitigate ambiguities that reside in the black box. The seven phases encompass problem settings and pre-negotiations, direction setting: action planning, social capital, re-negotiations, equity and inclusivity, implementation- the submission-revision cycle, and reflexivity. This theoretical analysis aims to offer a useful resource to promote enhanced collaborative practices, and the authors take an explicit advocacy and visionary perspective to promote transparency, accountability, and reciprocal trust, to shatter overarching issues such as oppressive, deceitful, and exploitative norms in academic authorship practices.

Toward Governance Best Practices for Open Educational Resources

Open educational resources (OER) constitute a form of digital media that have received growing interest and adoption. Infrastructures are becoming more widely available to support OER authorship and adaptation. However, this article argues that infrastructures for the ongoing governance of OER have been lacking, despite the medium’s possibilities as “evolutionary media.” The article provides a review of existing literature on OER and their governance, in conversation with the governance of other kinds of software commons. It then offers an auto-ethnographic reflection on the authors’ experience with the challenges of OER maintenance in the context of a specific textbook on social media, and the resulting need for taking governance seriously. Finally, the article proposes strategies for improving support for OER governance through collaborative processes among their stakeholders.

Forward Together: Working with the New Standards for Accreditation

The American Library Association Committee on Accreditation (COA) will host an interactive session on working with the newly approved Standards for Accreditation of Master’s Programs in Library and Information Science (2023). The 2023 Standards were adopted by approval of the Council of the American Library Association (the Council) on November 30, 2023. These revised Standards eliminate redundancies, improve clarity, and infuse concepts of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion throughout the standards. The collaborative process that supported this work will ensure that these revised standards support a responsive, 21st century library and information education rooted in the fundamental principles of the profession as espoused by the American Library Association. The 2023 Standards take effect for all programs with comprehensive review visits scheduled for Spring 2026 or afterward, and programs with comprehensive review visits in 2025 may choose to respond to the new standards if they wish. COA members will discuss the structure and intent of the 2023 Standards and how those can be applied across diverse programs. Panelists will discuss how programs with reviews after 2025 might transition from the 2015 to 2023 standards. Additionally, the panel will share their thoughts on types of evidence sufficient to meet the needs of the new standards and reporting expectations for those standards in program statistical reports, biennial narrative reviews, and comprehensive reviews. Finally, attendees and panelists will discuss opportunities and challenges in responding to the new standards. Attendees and panelists will discuss strategies for reporting on the standards to demonstrate that the program embraces the values of the LIS professions while also taking into account those programs’ local and regional contexts.

A New Model to Advance a Collaborative Clinical Education Placement Process: A Consortium Core Network.

The 2014 Clinical Education (CE) Summit and subsequent scholarly work prompted development of collaborative, mutually beneficial, innovative processes to mitigate CE challenges and inefficiencies. Contemporary practice advocates for collaboration among physical therapist (PT) academic programs (Programs) and clinical partners (Partners) to create a sustainable placement process with mutual benefits for stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to describe the design and implementation of the Ohio Kentucky Consortium of Physical Therapy Educators (Consortium) Consortium Core Network's (CCN) centralized PT CE Placement Process (PT-CEPP) model and share participants' experience perspectives. The Consortium established the CCN and a Steering Committee, representing stakeholders, and designed a novel 5-phase centralized PT-CEPP model, in Exxat, an educational management platform. The phases included Request, Offer, Placement, Reallocation, and Confirmation and Release. A postimplementation Qualtrics survey was disseminated to obtain participant perspectives. Open-text survey responses were compiled, reviewed, thematically analyzed, and presented in this article (part 1). The resulting quantitative CCN PT-CEPP analyses were deferred to a companion article (part 2). The CCN participation included invited Partners (n = 101/364; 28%) and Programs (n = 14/14; 100%). During initial PT-CEPP implementation, 1,005 offers resulted in 549 CE placements. Participant perspectives from 20 of 101 SCCEs (20%) and eight of 14 DCEs (57%) were dichotomized into "Benefits and What Worked Well" and "Challenges and What Did Not Work Well." Perspectives were unique to participant roles, with partners valuing "centralization" and Programs "process." Lessons gleaned from the PT-CEPP paradigm shift to a CCN-centralized model may optimize processes and improve sustainability with future iterations.

Beyond Dialysis: Reshaping CKD Paradigms in Developing Nations.

Dear Sir / Madam, Respected Editor, I am writing to bring attention to the critical need for increased research on conservative kidney management (CKM) in the context of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The recent advancements in developed nations have demonstrated that CKM is a novel and effective approach to caring for CKD patients, particularly those who choose not to pursue maintenance dialysis. Historically, medical care for individuals with CKD has adhered to a paternalistic model, where clinicians make treatment decisions independent of patient preferences. JS Scherer et al observed that a provider's assessment of a patient's frailty and response exerted a more substantial influence on the treatment provided than the patient’s comorbidities, functional status, and stated preferences. 2 Furthermore, another study showed that some individuals exhibited a preference for conservative care after shared-decision making, irrespective of the potential survival benefits offered by dialysis if it entailed frequent hospital visits or travel restrictions. 3 This underscores the significance of patient autonomy, where the pursuit of freedom can sometimes outweigh the emphasis on clinical outcomes. However, contemporary CKD management in the 21st century emphasizes shared decision-making and patient empowerment. While research suggests CKM can improve quality of life, reduce hospitalizations, and minimize invasive procedures, offering a valuable alternative to dialysis, its impact on survival becomes less clear for patients over 80 or those with multiple comorbidities.4 Additionally, the inclusion of patients and their families in collaborative decision-making processes has proven advantageous, supported by specialized decision aids that promote well-informed discussions regarding CKM with healthcare providers.5 Nephrologists face significant challenges in implementing effective conservative kidney management (CKM) due to a lack of clinical guidelines, training, evidence, and system-level infrastructure. This has resulted in limited awareness and discussion of CKM among patients and healthcare providers, hindering its adoption. With the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increasing significantly over the past three decades, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries, there is a pressing need for innovative, cost-effective solutions. CKM emerges as a viable alternative where dialysis is often inaccessible or unaffordable, with the potential to significantly impact CKD management, especially in resource-limited settings such as Pakistan. I urge the scientific community and policymakers to recognize the importance of supporting and conducting research on conservative kidney management. ---Continue

Exploring the Impact of Digital Technologies on Team Collaborative Design

This paper presents the results of a protocol study exploring the impact of various digital technologies on team collaborative design processes. Previous studies have suggested that compared to traditional methods such as sketching, digital technologies can provide further benefits for collaborative processes. However, there persists a lack of understanding about the impacts of digital technologies on such processes, particularly in relation to emerging significant digital technologies such as immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Therefore, this study aims to fill that gap by exploring team collaboration behaviours of two groups of professionals working in two digital design environments—desktop 3D modelling with Revit and immersive VR using Hyve-3D—as well as their behaviours during traditional sketching sessions for benchmarking purposes. Utilising protocol analysis method, the think-aloud data of participants was recorded, transcribed and coded using an adapted collaborative practice model. Team collaboration activities are broadly categorised as ‘Content’ or ‘Process’: content referring to design task-based activities, while process refers to activities related to the organising of group processes. The results suggest that during the design collaboration process, designers allocated the majority of their efforts towards process-oriented design activities. Differences between design environments only had a minor impact on the amount of effort expended on process-oriented activities and content-oriented activities. Moreover, traditional sketching design environments were shown to be potentially beneficial for problem-solution and associated negotiation activities. Additionally, immersive environments were associated with a reduction in the designers’ cognitive effort that was expended on exploring the design environment.

Collaborative design approach to identify research and innovation needs within the European smart building community.

Upgrading the level of smartness in buildings can significantly contribute to improve our quality and sustainability of living, through increased energy efficiency, optimised resource management, and improved air quality and comfort. However, the fragmented nature of the sector makes it challenging to identify what is technically, socially and economically achieved today in Europe in terms of building smartness, and what should be developed and financially supported tomorrow to accelerate the roll-out of smart and energy efficient buildings. This paper introduces the collaborative process developed to involve a large community of experts in detecting and formalising research and innovation gaps related to smart buildings. This process is composed of four successive steps: 1) a communication phase to invite volunteer experts to join the proposed task forces; 2) The organisation and facilitation of online brainstorming workshops to identify research & innovation (R&I) gaps; 3) the collective drafting of a white paper synthesising the brainstorming outcomes; and 4) an open consultation to collect additional external feedback before finalising the white paper. The collaborative process developed was tested over 18 months and implemented on 12 different topics relying on 27 brainstorming workshops. Building on the collective knowledge of 135 participants, it enabled identification a significant series of R&I gaps related to smart buildings. The collective sessions as well as the open consultation phases showed overall some clear convergence on the gaps identified. It can therefore be concluded the outcome of the collaborative process reached a consensus among the targeted innovation community. The feedback collected on the process, shows that the frequency, duration and attendance of the brainstorming workshops proposed were very relevant, while the selection of online participatory tools could still be improved. This process could be replicated in other frameworks where research and innovation gaps are sought for.

Digital Information Resources Collaboration in a digital age

This study explored digital information resource collaboration among librarians in tertiary institutions in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of digital resources available, assess the usefulness of collaboration, evaluate its impact on librarian performance, and identify challenges encountered in the collaboration process. A descriptive survey design was adopted, targeting all librarians in academic libraries within the state. Using a purposive sampling technique, five institutions were selected, and data were gathered from 45 librarians through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and simple regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that e-databases, e-journals, and e-books were the most common digital resources, while less-utilized resources like online magazines were scarce. Collaboration was found to enhance the preservation of digital materials and improve librarians’ engagement with users, although there was a need for greater focus on subject-matter expertise. Additionally, a strong positive relationship was observed between collaboration and librarian performance. Key challenges to collaboration included limited budgets, inadequate ICT facilities, and unreliable power supply. The study concludes that fostering a collaborative culture and addressing infrastructural and financial barriers are crucial to improving digital resource management and professional development among librarians.

Spurring Innovation in AAC Technology through Collaborative Dreaming and Needs Finding with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Who Use AAC.

Millions of individuals who have limited or no functional speech use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology to participate in daily life and exercise the human right to communication. While advances in AAC technology lag significantly behind those in other technology sectors, mainstream technology innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) present potential for the future of AAC. However, a new future of AAC will only be as effective as it is responsive to the needs and dreams of the people who rely upon it every day. AAC innovation must reflect an iterative, collaborative process with AAC users. To do this, we worked collaboratively with AAC users to complete participatory qualitative research about AAC innovation through AI. We interviewed 13 AAC users regarding (1) their current AAC engagement; (2) the barriers they experience in using AAC; (3) their dreams regarding future AAC development; and (4) reflections on potential AAC innovations. To analyze these data, a rapid research evaluation and appraisal was used. Within this article, the themes that emerged during interviews and their implications for future AAC development will be discussed. Strengths, barriers, and considerations for participatory design will also be described.

Transformative Local Governments: Addressing Social Urban Challenges by Bringing People and Politics Together

As the tier of government closest to people, local government plays a key role in answering local needs and aspirations. However, local governments are often under-resourced, leaving them inadequately responsive to many of these critical local demands. Moreover, accountability to their citizens, which is the core of a well-functioning local democracy, is often lacking because the necessary formal laws and informal norms do not enable citizens to influence the decision-making process in a collaborative, creative, and evidence-based process that promotes collective learning. Through innovative case study analyses from around the world, the 12 contributions in this thematic issue delve into the multifaceted ways in which local governments can bridge the gap between people and politics, offering innovative perspectives on participatory governance, co-creation, and collaborative decision-making for inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. The cases showcase innovations and challenges in the urban environment, capturing different ways to bring people and politics together in an attempt to co-create solutions for a sustainable and resilient urban future. The insights provided by this plethora of cases provides lessons that can help revolutionise international, national, and local urban policy to empower local authorities and their local communities to address the increasingly urgent challenges faced by municipalities around the world, ensuring an inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable future for the generations to come.

Images as Invitations: Fostering Reader Engagement and Collaboration in Lidia Yuknavitch’s The Small Backs of Children

Abstract: This paper analyzes how Lidia Yuknavitch, an American writer and creative writing teacher, employs vivid and evocative imagery to foster a participatory reading experience in her autofictional novel The Small Backs of Children (2015). Grounded in Ellen Joann Esrock’s thesis from “Visual Imaging and Reader’s Response”, this analysis explores how Yuknavitch strategically invites readers to collaborate in the storytelling process. By doing so, Yuknavitch creates a dynamic interaction where meaning is co-created by the author and her audience. Yuknavitch’s narrative style blends the visceral with the conceptual using imagery that transcends mere description to evoke powerful emotional and intellectual responses. The imagery in The Small Backs of Children serves as a bridge between the text and the reader, transforming the act of reading into interactive practice. By blurring the lines between authorship and readership, Yuknavitch redefines traditional storytelling, positioning the reader as an active participant in the narrative. This paper demonstrates the diverse ways in which Yuknavitch’s prose engages readers, transforming the act of reading into a collaborative process of creation of meaning and emotion.

Digital Transformation in the Music Industry: Session Musicians Matchmaking Platform Effectiveness Analysis

The music industry has been through a significant digital transformation in recent years, with one interesting development being the rise of matchmaking platforms for session musicians. Despite their potential benefits, the effectiveness and impact of these platforms on the music industry are not well studied. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of session musician matchmaking platforms and their implications for the music industry. Leveraging the architecture capabilities of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), specifically the Architecture Development Method (ADM), all the participants with their current processes and pain points are identified. The identified pain points are then validated using the empathy map method through an online questionnaire. From the identified pain points, values are developed as the main targets for pain relievers in the current situation, which are later evaluated against existing platforms of a similar nature. After comprehensive research and data analysis, several key insights emerged. First, the findings reveal that, under the current traditional model, the collaboration process between session musicians and music entertainment continues to function effectively. Second, there is enthusiasm among participants for platforms that offer solutions to common challenges faced in collaboration processes. However, the research data shows low levels of adoption and utilization among participants. This suggests there is a huge opportunity for the development and promotion of matchmaking platforms designed specifically for session musicians and music entertainment to enhance collaboration and improve the music industry.