Collaborative Participation Research Articles

“Not even my husband knows that I have this [breast cancer]”: survivors’ experiences in accessing, navigating and coping with treatment

PurposeNigeria has the highest burden of breast cancer (BC) in Africa. While the survival rates for BC are over 90% in many high-income countries; low-and middle-income countries like Nigeria have 40% BC survival rates. Prior studies show that the burden and poor BC survival rates are exacerbated by both health system and individual level factors, yet there is a paucity of literature on the experiences of BC survivors in Nigeria. Hence, this study explored the divergent and convergent experiences of BC survivors in accessing, navigating, and coping with treatment.MethodsParticipants (N = 24, aged 35 to 73 years) were recruited and engaged in focus group discussions (group 1, n = 11; group 2, n = 13 participants). Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: “I am carrying this [breast cancer] alone,” “Living my life,” “‘God’ helped me,” and “A very painful journey.” Participants described how they concealed their BC diagnosis from family and significant others while accessing and navigating BC treatment. Also, they adopted spiritual beliefs as a coping mechanism while sticking to their treatment and acknowledging the burden of BC on their well-being.ConclusionsOur findings explored the emotional burden of BC diagnosis and treatment and the willingness of the BC survivors to find meaning in their diagnosis. Treatment for BC survivors should integrate supportive care and innovative BC access tools to reduce pain and mitigate the burdens of BC.Implications for cancer survivorsThe integration of innovative technologies for venous access and other treatment needs of BC is crucial and will improve survivorship. Non-disclosure of BC diagnosis is personal and complicated; hence, BC survivors need to be supported at various levels of care and treatment to make meaningful decisions. To improve survivorship, patient engagement is crucial in shared decision-making, collaboration, and active participation in care.

Interactive seminar as a tool for developing professional competencies and enhancing students’ research activities in the discipline of life safety.

The article deals with the use of interactive seminar model for the development of professional competencies and activation of scientific activity of students in the discipline “Life Safety”. Traditional formats of seminars in higher education have their disadvantages. The interactive workshop model developed by the author, using the “Workshop” module in the Moodle learning management system, includes such elements as discussions, collective assessment, small group work, surveys, questionnaires and webinars. These activities promote critical thinking, collaboration, and active student participation. This model addresses the shortcomings of traditional seminars and improves the quality of research papers, deepens the understanding of compulsory disciplines and prepares students for scientific endeavors.

How can the collaborative participation of regulators, whistleblowers, and parties effectively promote rumor management in public health emergencies?

To effectively address the mental health risks associated with public health emergencies, it is crucial to actively manage rumors. This study explores the dynamic evolutionary process of rumor diffusion and its collaborative governance in public health emergencies. A game-theoretic model is constructed, involving three main actors: regulators, parties involved in public health emergencies (PIPHE), and whistle-blowers. The behaviors and game outcomes of each party are analyzed, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the model are validated through numerical simulations. The findings of this study reveal that various factors, such as regulatory costs, penalty income, reputation damage for regulators; image loss, reputation enhancement, penalty expenditure for PIPHE; and time costs, social responsibility, and reward income for whistle-blowers, all influence the behavioral choices and game equilibrium of each party. Optimization strategies for rumor governance are proposed in this study, including enhancing the sense of responsibility and capability among regulators, increasing transparency and credibility among PIPHE, and encouraging and protecting the participation of whistle-blowers. This study provides a comprehensive analytical framework for rumor governance in public health emergencies, contributing to improving the governance of public health emergencies and maintaining online public health orders for social sustainability.

Bridging State and Society: College Students’ Collaborative Participation in Rural Construction in China

Collaborative participation of college students is an emerging trend in mitigating the brain drain from rural communities. However, the impact of the collaboration on community capacity building and the roles of these students have remained unclear. This article gives some theoretical concerns on collaborative planning in the specific context of China. It employs historical materials and illustrative cases to demonstrate that rural construction in China is an interactive process between state and society, with college students, exerting a mediating role. Cases indicate that during collaborative participation, expert knowledge and local knowledge are integrated.

Social capital as a moderator of the relationship between violent community environment and psychological distress

ObjectiveTo evaluate the modifying effect of social capital on the relationship between living in violent communities and the presence of psychological distress in adolescents and youth in Mexico. MethodThe analysis of the Social Cohesion Survey for the Prevention of Violence and Crime (ECOPRED, by its acronym in Spanish) was conducted. The analytic sample consisted of 39,639 participants aged 12 to 29 years. Community violence and social capital were measured at the census tract level using the average answers of a household's head sample. These environmental variables were independent of the experiences of the participants. Social capital variables included structural (social ties, recreational participation, collaborative participation, and social cohesion), and cognitive (trust in neighbors) dimensions. Multilevel structural equation models were used. ResultsRecreational participation, collaborative participation, and social cohesion modified the relationship between community environments and psychological distress. In females who lived in places with less recreational participation or less social cohesion, the higher the social disorder, the higher the psychological distress. A similar relationship between vandalism and psychological distress was identified, but only in males who lived in places with less collaborative participation, and in females with less social cohesion. ConclusionsOur results suggest that dimensions of the structural social capital (organization and interest in the community and its members) were the ones that had the buffering effect of the exposure to disordered community environments on psychological distress.

Research on information collaboration strategy of fresh agricultural products supply chain under carbon cap-and-trade

The information coordination of fresh agricultural products supply chain is conducive to improving the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the supply chain, and reducing carbon emissions. Under the carbon cap-and-trade policy, this paper constructed an evolutionary game model of supply chain information collaboration involving a fresh agricultural products supplier, a cold chain logistics service provider and a fresh agricultural products retailer, explored the selection of information collaboration strategies of each subject, and simulated it with system dynamics. The results show that: The stability strategy of the game system is related to the initial willingness of each subject. When any two parties participate in information collaboration, the other party will also choose to participate in collaboration. In addition, the choice of information collaboration strategy of the subject is also related to the collaborative planning ability, collaborative strategy formulation ability, consumers’ preference, the initial cost of each subject, revenue sharing and cost sharing mechanism, government subsidies, government regulation and carbon cap-and-trade policy. It is worth noting that the collaborative planning capability is more conducive to promoting the subject to choose information collaborative strategy than the collaborative strategy formulation capability; the carbon trading price has a greater impact on the subject’s participation in collaboration, while the total amount of carbon quota has no impact on the choice of the subject’s information collaboration strategy. Furthermore, based on the research results, the corresponding management suggestions are put forward from the two aspects of the government and the participants.

Регулирование “облачных сервисов” как инструмент международной конкуренции: опыт США и Китая

The international cloud services industry represents an arena of global economic competition and has the potential to become a field for political rivalry among various actors. States remain the primary actors in this competitive landscape, with the U.S. and China actively enhancing their positions through various regulatory measures. The article examines government regulation strategies, categorising them into ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ as well as ‘defensive’ and ‘offensive’, with examples provided for each. A thorough analysis of national strategies from official U.S. and Chinese documents reveals their conceptual approaches to cloud services regulation. The documents of international intergovernmental organisations and global governance institutions through which countries implement (both individually and in their collaborative participation) their strategies for regulating cloud services were examined in detail. Commonalities and differences in the regulatory policies of the U.S. and China are highlighted, both in their national strategies and in principles articulated at the international level. The study confirms the hypothesis that cloud services regulation serves as a tool for international political influence. Key factors in the evolution of the international regulatory system for cloud services are identified, including their further technological development and shifts in the global order. The primary scenario axis is identified as the U.S.–China competition for dominance in the Global South. Based on these findings, the author presents a scenario forecast for the future of international cloud services regulation. Two potential outcomes are considered: the confrontational one leading to increased political competition, bearing risks of Internet fragmentation, divergence in technical standards, and a higher likelihood of destructive actions, including military use of cloud services; and the consensual one, resulting in international convergence on all aspects of cloud services regulation, including technical standardisation, legal norms, economic rules, fundamental principles of personal data protection and respect for national interests of all states.

Community engagement in health promotion campaigns: A qualitative photo content analysis from vitalizing communities against NCD risk factors (V-CaN) field trial in rural central India.

India faces a critical challenge with 5.8 million annual deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Maharashtra, where NCDs constitute 66% of the disease burden. The youth, lacking awareness, are vulnerable. Vitalizing communities against NCD risk factors (V-CaN) melawa, inspired by the "Pandharpur Wari" pilgrimage, aims to bridge implementation gaps and empower communities. "Arogya chi wari" integrates health practices with cultural events, offering a unique approach. Photo documentation from V-CaN melawa becomes a powerful tool for assessing community engagement qualitatively. The aim of the study was to qualitatively analyze photos from V-CaN melawas, exploring community engagement in health promotion against NCD risk factors. V-CaN melawas were organized in the field practice area of the department of community medicine. These melawas were part of the cluster randomized field trial named V-CaN, which is being implemented in a rural area of the Wardha district of Maharashtra. The V-CaN days, also known as melawas, were organized with the aim of facilitating behavioral change among participants. A qualitative study using photo content analysis was conducted, reviewing 2000 pictures from 59 V-CaN melawas. Thematic content analysis was employed, with researchers selecting 61 photos based on uniqueness. Six major themes emerged: health promotion, health system involvement, intersectoral coordination, inclusiveness, community resource mobilization, and innovation. Examples include nutrition exhibitions, health screenings, and innovative games. The analysis showcases diverse community participation in V-CaN melawas, emphasizing inclusivity, collaboration, and innovation. While qualitative, the study lays the foundation for future quantitative assessments of the intervention's impact on health outcomes and community attitudes.

Toward the Future: Circular Economy Models for Sustainable Waste Management

This research aims to investigate and analyze the role of the circular economy model in developing a sustainable waste management system. With a focus on the concept of striving toward the future, this research explores how circular economy models have been applied in the context of waste management to reduce environmental impacts and encourage sustainable economic growth. Through a careful literature review, this study presents an in-depth understanding of the circular economy concept and its implementation in waste management. In addition, this research also describes the role of society, government, and the industrial sector in building effective and sustainable circular economy models. This research method includes qualitative analysis of case studies and existing best practices in various countries and sectors. By noting the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing circular economy models, this study offers valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and academics in their efforts to advance sustainability principles in waste management. The findings of this research highlight the importance of cross-sector collaboration and active participation of various stakeholders in designing and implementing successful circular economy models. This study also shows that sustainable waste management plays a crucial role in realizing overall sustainable development goals. In conclusion, this research confirms that the development of circular economy models for waste management is an important step toward a sustainable future. By involving all relevant parties and implementing a collaborative approach, we can create a waste management system that is not only economically efficient but also environmentally friendly, paving the way to a brighter future for future generations.

The Belt and Road Initiative's impact on tourism and heritage along the Silk Roads: A systematic literature review and future research agenda.

This is a systematic review of the literature on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its impact on tourism and heritage in participating countries along the Silk Roads. China launched the BRI in 2013 with the aim of promoting global trade and stimulating economic growth through the development of infrastructure and cultural cooperation. This review examines studies for the period from 2013 to 2023, focusing on key themes such as tourist flows, destination development, urban renewal, heritage preservation, and cultural route revival. The systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, incorporating 56 relevant documents that cover both tourism and heritage domains. The findings highlight substantial potential for the development of new tourism products and destinations, improved urban renewal, and the preservation of cultural heritage, provided that integrated policies, public-private collaboration, and equitable community participation frameworks are implemented with attention to ecological limits. However, the review also identifies significant challenges, including financial imbalances, uneven access to benefits, social disruption, cultural commodification, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires careful, context-specific planning. The study concludes with a proposal for a future research agenda that includes exploring underrepresented regions, developing sustainable tourism models, and fostering interdisciplinary research to ensure a balanced approach to economic development and heritage preservation. This review's findings provide valuable insight for policymakers, tourism officials, and cultural heritage managers, guiding the development of policies that balance economic growth with the preservation of cultural and natural heritage sites. This research contributes to the academic discourse by elucidating the complex interplay between the BRI and the Silk Roads' tourism and heritage, offering a pathway for sustainable and inclusive growth.

Understanding Roblox's business model and collaborative learning on participation in the decision-making process: implications for enhancing cooperative literacy

This study examines the robust relationships between Roblox's business model, collaborative learning, participation in the decision-making process, and cooperative literacy within the Indonesian Roblox community. All hypotheses were substantiated, emphasizing the significance of understanding the business model, promoting collaborative learning, and encouraging active involvement in decision-making activities for fostering cooperative literacy among players. The research employed an exploratory research design with a quantitative approach. Sampling bias and self-reported data are acknowledged limitations, along with the cross-sectional design's inability to establish causality. To address these constraints, future research should employ longitudinal methods, diverse data collection approaches, and intervention studies. Cross-cultural research comparing the Indonesian Roblox community with other cultural contexts is also encouraged. Practical recommendations include integrating features that support collaborative learning and decision-making participation within the Roblox platform. Collaboration between educational institutions and Roblox to use the platform as an educational tool is suggested, offering students a unique opportunity to develop cooperative literacy skills. These findings offer valuable insights into cooperative literacy and community engagement within the Roblox ecosystem, providing a roadmap for its development. This research contributes to the platform's growth and success in Indonesia, making it a more cooperative and informed community.

Assessment of Sanctions against Russian Science by Foreign Researchers: Diversity of Approaches

Introduction. The introduction of restrictive measures (sanctions) against Russian science, aimed at preventing Russia's participation in international scientific collaboration in both bilateral and multilateral formats, has become a prominent feature of modern international relations. For the first time in many years, international collaboration in various scientific fields has encountered significant political and economic constraints, leading to Russia's withdrawal from joint programs and projects with key partner states in the scientific sphere. The study's significance lies in the necessity to develop a theory related to this type of sanctions, given their unprecedented nature. A comprehensive understanding is needed, reflecting foreign scientists' views on the sanctions: whether they deem them justified and if they are willing to continue cooperation in any capacity. This will become a basis for modifying Russia's science and technology policy in the context of international cooperation. The subject of the study is the range of approaches foreign experts have toward the structure, scale, and implications of sanctions against Russian science. Object: Conceptual systematization of foreign researchers' perceptions regarding the phenomenon of anti-Russian sanctions in the scientific field. Tasks: identify the reasons behind the increased interest of foreign researchers and experts in the issue of international sanctions against Russian science; assess the level of consensus within the global scientific community regarding the need for such sanctions; identify the cause of bias among supporters of anti-Russian sanctions in the scientific field; determine the extent of foreign analysts' interest in the impact of sanctions on both Russian and global science; identify the pragmatic aspects of the current model of sanctions against Russian science. Degree of topic development: This type of research has not yet been conducted in either Russian or foreign science. Methods. General scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization, comparison), systemic and structural-functional approaches were used along with specialized scientific methods, such as discourse analysis, meta-analysis, and stochastic factor analysis technique. Result and Discussion. The article identifies three groups of approaches, along with their underlying arguments concerning the category of sanctions under consideration: radical, moderate, and liberal. The author demonstrates the predominance of a moderate approach, which aligns with official decisions to sever institutional scientific cooperation with Russia while permitting personal contacts. Conclusion. The international research community, aiming to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of sanctions against Russian science on Russia and the rest of the world, pursues two objectives. The first objective is to identify strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of sanctions and justifying their necessity while mitigating their negative impact on global science. The second objective is to find effective strategies for implementing scientific sanctions, which could potentially be applied against other countries in the future. Considering the positions and approaches of foreign researchers toward the phenomenon of anti-Russian scientific sanctions is crucial not only for developing the theory of scientific sanctions but also for shaping the concept of Russian science and technology policy under new circumstances. The novelty of this study lies in its first-ever attempt in both Russian and foreign scientific literature to conceptualize the range of foreign expert discourse, which is characterized by diverse views and approaches toward sanctions applied to Russian science. The article contributes to the relevant field of research, specifically the theory of international sanctions in the scientific sphere, by arguing for the need to complement the analysis of the objective content of sanctions with an analysis of their subjective evaluation by the expert community.

IVF versus IUI with ovarian stimulation for unexplained infertility: a collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis.

IVF and IUI with ovarian stimulation (IUI-OS) are widely used in managing unexplained infertility. IUI-OS is generally considered first-line therapy, followed by IVF only if IUI-OS is unsuccessful after several attempts. However, there is a growing interest in using IVF for immediate treatment because it is believed to lead to higher live birth rates and shorter time to pregnancy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IVF versus IUI-OS had varied study designs and findings. Some RCTs used complex algorithms to combine IVF and IUI-OS, while others had unequal follow-up time between arms or compared treatments on a per-cycle basis, which introduced biases. Comparing cumulative live birth rates of IVF and IUI-OS within a consistent time frame is necessary for a fair head-to-head comparison. Previous meta-analyses of RCTs did not consider the time it takes to achieve pregnancy, which is not possible using aggregate data. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) allows standardization of follow-up time in different trials and time-to-event analysis methods. We performed this IPD-MA to investigate if IVF increases cumulative live birth rate considering the time leading to pregnancy and reduces multiple pregnancy rate compared to IUI-OS in couples with unexplained infertility. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register to identify RCTs that completed data collection before June 2021. A search update was carried out in January 2023. RCTs that compared IVF/ICSI to IUI-OS in couples with unexplained infertility were eligible. We invited author groups of eligible studies to join the IPD-MA and share the deidentified IPD of their RCTs. IPD were checked and standardized before synthesis. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Of eight potentially eligible RCTs, two were considered awaiting classification. In the other six trials, four shared IPD of 934 women, of which 550 were allocated to IVF and 383 to IUI-OS. Because the interventions were unable to blind, two RCTs had a high risk of bias, one had some concerns, and one had a low risk of bias. Considering the time to pregnancy leading to live birth, the cumulative live birth rate was not significantly higher in IVF compared to that in IUI-OS (4 RCTs, 908 women, 50.3% versus 43.2%, hazard ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.81-1.74, I2 = 42.4%). For the safety primary outcome, the rate of multiple pregnancy was not significantly lower in IVF than IUI-OS (3 RCTs, 890 women, 3.8% versus 5.2% of all couples randomized, odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.41-1.50, I2 = 0.0%). There is no robust evidence that in couples with unexplained infertility IVF achieves pregnancy leading to live birth faster than IUI-OS. IVF and IUI-OS are both viable options in terms of effectiveness and safety for managing unexplained infertility. The associated costs of interventions and the preference of couples need to be weighed in clinical decision-making.

EFFORTS TO INTRODUCE THE TARAKAN CITY THROUGH IRAW TENGKAYU CULTURAL TOURISM

The city of Tarakan also has interesting customs and cultures of the community, such as the traditional ceremony of Iraw Tengkayu, which is one of the cultures of the city of Tarakan and comes from the Tidung tribe. Tarakan City is a city that has great tourism potential, but obstacles in the form of a lack of information, exposure, and facilities make it difficult to develop this potential. This study aims to explore the efforts that can be made to introduce the City of Tarakan through cultural tourism and the Iraw Tengkayu traditional ceremony. The method used is descriptive, with data obtained through literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the efforts made to introduce the tourism sector in Tarakan City through Iraw Tengakyu are carried out through improving tourist attractions, increasing digital promotions, and enhancing collaboration and community participation. This is done to increase tourist interest, create positive images and perceptions through the original culture of Tarakan City, and influence the decision-making process and preferences of tourist destinations.

“Diving in the deep-end and swimming”: a mixed methods study using normalization process theory to evaluate a learning collaborative approach for the implementation of palliative care practices in hemodialysis centers

BackgroundNormalization Process Theory (NPT) is an implementation theory that can be used to explain how and why implementation strategies work or not in particular circumstances. We used it to understand the mechanisms that lead to the adoption and routinization of palliative care within hemodialysis centers.MethodsWe employed a longitudinal, mixed methods approach to comprehensively evaluate the implementation of palliative care practices among ten hemodialysis centers participating in an Institute for Healthcare Improvement Breakthrough- Series learning collaborative. Qualitative methods included longitudinal observations of collaborative activities, and interviews with implementers at the end of the study. We used an inductive and deductive approach to thematic analysis informed by NPT constructs (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring) and implementation outcomes. The NoMAD survey, which measures NPT constructs, was completed by implementers at each hemodialysis center during early and late implementation.ResultsThe four mechanisms posited in NPT had a dynamic and layered relationship during the implementation process. Collaborative participants participated because they believed in the value and legitimacy of palliative care for patients receiving hemodialysis and thus had high levels of cognitive participation at the start. Didactic Learning Sessions were important for building practice coherence, and sense-making was solidified through testing new skills in practice and first-hand observation during coaching visits by an expert. Collective action was hampered by limited time among team members and practical issues such as arranging meetings with patients. Reflexive monitoring of the positive benefit to patient and family experiences was key in shifting mindsets from disease-centric towards a patient-centered model of care. NoMAD survey scores showed modest improvement over time, with collective action having the lowest scores.ConclusionsNPT was a useful framework for understanding the implementation of palliative care practices within hemodialysis centers. We found a nonlinear relationship among the mechanisms which is reflected in our model of implementation of palliative care practices through a learning collaborative. These findings suggest that the implementation of complex practices such as palliative care may be more successful through iterative learning and practice opportunities as the mechanisms for change are layered and mutually reinforcing.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04125537. Registered 14 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered.

Scaling Digital Biomarker Discovery with the Cloud and Wearable Devices

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical trials and other disease research, biomarkers provide a valuable indication of drug performance and disease progression. Traditionally, these biomarkers may include genomic factors, lab test results, and more, but we now can easily expand into longitudinally collected digital biomarkers from consumer smart devices.MethodThe Amissa platform, built on the Microsoft Azure cloud, enables the collection of high frequency data from consumer smartwatches (such as the Apple Watch and Samsung Galaxy watch devices). The API‐driven cloud architecture enables secure sensor data collection including location, gyrometry/accelerometry, activity monitoring/pedometry, and biosensors such as oxygen saturation and heart rate. This solution allows for sub‐minute capture frequency while balancing device battery drain. The ISO 27001:2013‐compliant platform is globally scalable through an innovative cloud‐native design that ensures security and compliance.ResultCaregivers, researchers, and healthcare providers can now monitor loved ones/patients through consumer‐grade wearables, providing a cost‐effective, accurate, and flexible solution for biomarker discovery, data collection, and remote monitoring.ConclusionThe Amissa platform successfully enables digital biomarker development and helps to address disparities in clinical trials and research studies of underrepresented groups through decentralized data collection. Plus, the platform address security and privacy considerations while enables collaborative research participation and flexible study designs. Note: In this presentation, we will discuss the NIH‐funded work of Amissa and the cloud‐first approach taken to build the world’s first global‐scale platform for disease research using wearable devices. We will cover technical design patterns, considerations for privacy and security, the effect of decentralized data collection on addressing health disparities and inclusion in clinical trials, and the future of digital biomarker discovery in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

정의롭고 윤리적인 관광을 향한 타짐 자말(Tazim Jamal)의 연구 세계

This article explores the research world of Tazim Jamal, a prominent scholar in contemporary tourism studies, as part of the special issue of the Journal of Tourism Science titled ‘Contemporary Leisure and Tourism Researchers and Research’. Drawing from an interview with Jamal and reviews of her research, this article delineates Jamal's research background, interests, and primary research focus. Additionally, it includes Jamal's insights directed towards South Korean tourism research and researchers. Jamal recognized the significance of socio-cultural and environmental impacts caused by tourism and dedicated her work to addressing these issues. Her early research concentrated on collaborative planning and community participation, later broadening to encompass sustainable tourism, just and ethical tourism, and the concept of 'good tourism'. Jamal proposed five principles for justice and ethics in tourism: equity and justice; diversity and recognition; responsibility and care; sustainability and conservation; and democracy and governance. She underscored the need for future tourism studies to continue interdisciplinary research, employ diverse research paradigms and methodologies, share extensive knowledge, and engage in discourse with scholars from the Global South and non-Western countries. Furthermore, in a written message to Korean academics, Jamal expressed hope that addressing critical issues like climate change, community well-being, cultural and heritage conservation, and enhancing cultural exchange and visitor learning can be achieved through thoughtful, fair, and responsible tourism. It is hoped that this article well describes Jamal's research world and philosophy on justice and ethics in tourism.

Implementation of Elementary and MI Students' Basic Literacy Strengthening Program in East Lombok Regency

This study aims to identify the level of students' reading ability; described the implementation of the basic literacy strengthening program in schools; and described the reflection on basic literacy strengthening programs. This study used descriptive qualitative research, with a target school of 30 SD and MI in East Lombok, and involves supervisors, principals, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques used reading competency assessment, interviews, observation, FGD, and documentation. Data analysis used an interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the study found that: 1) student literacy at the proficient level was 338, 200 proficient abilities, 217 basic abilities, and 2.067 special interventions; 2) program implementation is divided into the stages of preparation and capacity building, collaboration, and active participation; 3) the results of program reflection show that there are 21 schools with an optimal score, 7 schools with a targeted score, and 2 schools with a score just starting. The reflection process is very important to review the achievements made by the school and the things that need to be improved from various aspects.

History of national sex surveys in Europe.

The historical background of European national sex surveys dates back to the late 1960s and early 1970s when the first such surveys were conducted in Europe. That was an era of Western sexual revolution, a time of increasing openness to discussion and debate of sexual issues, and legal reforms in many countries. During this period, there was a growing interest in understanding sexual behaviour, attitudes, and modern contraceptive use in the general population. Evidence was also needed for sexuality education that was emerging in some European countries. Despite this need for evidence, only a few countries (Sweden, Finland, France) conducted national surveys on the topic in the early 1970's, becoming pioneers in national sex surveys in Europe and in the world. It was the HIV and AIDS epidemic of the 1980s that gave more researchers and funders the impetus to conduct sex studies in many European countries. As a result, medical perspectives on sexuality became prioritised around Europe. Balancing the perspectives of the diverse disciplines (including public health, sociology, psychology) that use the data from national sex surveys remains a challenge for the modern surveys. The European Sexual Medicine Network (ESMN) is a part of European cooperation in science and technology (COST), which includes a strand of work on national sex surveys among the adult population. Since 2021, a subgroup of nationally representative sex surveys, co-chaired by Osmo Kontula and Hanneke de Graaf have worked together to further the field. This submission is based on a review of the literature, combined with Kontula's personal reflections following a history of participation in European collaboration in this field since the early 1990s.

Exploring Effective Teaching Strategies Employed by Social Studies Teachers: A Comprehensive Study

Teaching is a profession that plays a vital role in the learning, social, cultural, and economic development of children and young people. It is responsible for instilling fundamental social values, including democracy, equality, tolerance, cultural understanding, and respect for fundamental freedoms. This study aimed to determine the teaching strategies utilized by high school Social Studies teachers in Ozamiz City Division. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect data from twelve (12) Social Studies teachers from four (4) different schools. The findings showed that most teachers employed collaborative strategies encouraging active participation, such as a community-based approach, cooperative learning activity, and inquiry approach. These strategies were employed to make Social Studies more engaging and interesting to students, maximizing their participation and involvement in class. In addition, using these strategies helped eliminate the perception that Social Studies is a boring subject