Collaboration Risk Research Articles

Scoping review of clinical studies on Chinese herbal medicine against Helicobacter pylori and an exploration of its usage pattern

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly infectious bacterium that can aggravate upper gastrointestinal diseases. With the increasingly serious problem of H. pylori drug resistance, it is more important to seek new treatment methods. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on the treatment of H. pylori infection and related diseases with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). The effectiveness of CHM has also emerged. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to systematically identify and summarize the characteristics of randomized controlled trails (RCTs) evaluating CHM for treating H. pylori infection. Three Chinese and two English language databases were comprehensively searched. Included studies were RCTs of H. pylori-positive patients evaluating oral CHM with or without Western Medicine (WM) compared to WM alone. A descriptive analysis of study characteristics and association rule mining in R Studio software were used to identify frequent herbal combinations. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to assess study quality. Included were 165 RCTs, with 168 comparisons, involving 16,817 participants. All the RCTs were conducted in China and 68% were published after 2012. The quality of included studies was moderate. The RCTs evaluated 187 herbs that were used in various combinations in 91 types of CHM formulas. Most RCTs compared CHM plus WM to WM only (n=103 comparisons). Only 68% of the RCTs evaluated a recommended WM triple or quadruple therapy. Results showed that Banxia Xiexin Decoction, Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction, Huanglian Wendan Decoction and Jinghua Weikang Capsule were commonly used. The association rules showed that golden thread (Coptis chinensis Franch.), debark peony root (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), milkvetch root (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge), dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), dried tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco), tangshen (Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.), largehead atractylodes rhizome (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), processing liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), pinellia tuber (Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino) were commonly used clinically. The findings from this review highlight the potential role of CHM formulas for treating H. Pylori and can be used to inform further clinical trials and systematic reviews.

Is Moderate-induced Hypothermia (≤33°C) of Clinical Value after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest – Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 10 Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract Background: Uncertainty remains regarding potential benefits of induced hypothermia (IHT) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Spanning 12 meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published since 2020, conclusions have ranged from IHT improving both survival and neurological outcomes, to improving neither, to increasing patient risk. In this meta-analysis, we compare IHT to 31-33°C against both no IHT and IHT to 34-36°C while trying to overcome some of the shortfalls of prior meta-analyses. Methods: After an extensive search of four scientific databases, steps were taken to select RCTs at low risk of bias, using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool, and otherwise appropriate for the question at hand after examining issues of concern with prior meta-analyses. Meta-analysis was performed of patients with shockable and non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms both together and, as feasible, separately, generating odds ratios (OR) for each RCT separately and compiled for both mortality and neurological outcomes. Result: Ten RCTs encompassing 2129 IHT 31-33 patients and 2123 rhythm-matched controls were analyzed. Overall, no benefit for either mortality or neurological outcome was identified. However, three of six RCTs comparing IHT 31-33 against no IHT unveiled statistically-significant improvements in neurological outcomes, and compiling data from these six studies just failed to identify a significant benefit (OR=1.16, 0.98-1.36; p=0.077). Among 496 patients in whom rhythm-specific outcomes were reported, survival and good outcomes were achieved in 57.0% and 54.9% versus just 20.1% and 8.6% among those with shockable versus non-shockable rhythms, respectively. Conclusion: RCTs evaluating moderate IHT use after shockable OHCA remain necessary.

PROSPECT methodology for developing procedure-specific pain management recommendations: an update.

The procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) working group develops evidence-based pain management recommendations. PROSPECT methodology is unique and rigorous. However, several limitations were recognised that needed to be addressed, and several new factors were identified that improved PROSPECT methodology. The aim of this article is to present updated PROSPECT methodology for development of recommendations for procedure-specific pain management, focusing on the methodological revisions we will implement. In future, included randomised clinical trials will need to be prospectively registered on a publicly accessible clinical trials database and the study design, including the primary outcome in the registration, should coincide with that in the published manuscript. Placebo-controlled studies in which the analgesic intervention of interest is solely paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitors or opioids will not be included. Studies comparing one drug in a particular class with another in the same class will also not be included. Future projects will use the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool for quality of reporting of methodology and results. A modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach will be used for grading of level of evidence and strength of recommendations. Finally, the updated PROSPECT methodology addresses several other limitations and implements new factors that all add rigour and transparency to developing procedure-specific pain management recommendations.

Developing spinal manipulation psychomotor skills competency: A systematic review of teaching methods.

To update the state of the art regarding the acquisition of spinal high-velocity low-amplitude psychomotor skills competency among chiropractors and chiropractic students. Available electronic articles from 5 databases, published between June 2015 and August 2020, were obtained. Eligible studies underwent methodological quality assessments using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists and Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tools. Fourteen critically appraised studies were identified, including 10 cohort studies and 4 randomized controlled trials. There was no literature excluded due to high risk of bias. The type of augmented devices included a mannequin on a force platform, a computer-connected device, a human analogue mannequin, and a 3-dimensional electrogoniometer with an instrumented spatial linkage. The use of augmented feedback devices such as human analogue mannequins with force-sensing table technology and computer-connected devices is potentially beneficial in the chiropractic curricula and may facilitate student learning and improvement of spinal manipulation. More studies are required to determine whether psychomotor skill aids translate directly into raised competency levels in novice clinicians.

Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Tapentadol Immediate Release in Bunionectomy: A Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the analgesic effect of different doses of tapentadol immediate release (IR) and its adverse effects after a bunionectomy. Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Medline, and Imbiomed were used to identify abstracts of scientific publications related to the keywords of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42023437295). Moreover, the risk of bias in all included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Data on the sum of pain intensity, total pain relief, global assessment, and adverse effects were extracted. The statistical method of inverse variance with means difference was used to evaluate the numerical data and the Mantel-Haenszel and Odd Ratio test to analyze the dichotomous data. In addition, the number needed to treat, the number needed to harm, and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A qualitative evaluation (n = 2381) was carried out according to the conclusions of the authors. Tapentadol (n = 1772) was more effective in relieving postoperative pain than the placebo (n = 609) after a bunionectomy. In addition, the analgesic efficacy of IR tapentadol (n = 1323) versus the placebo (n = 390) was evaluated in a total of 1713 patients using a global evaluation of the treatments. All three doses of IR tapentadol showed better results compared to the placebo after a bunionectomy. Finally, the adverse effects have a direct relationship with the dose, and the greatest number of adverse effects are most observed with tapentadol IR 100 mg (n = 2381). It is concluded that tapentadol IR (100 mg) leads to the best satisfaction score in this meta-analysis.

Effect of indocyanine green near-infrared light imaging technique guided lymph node dissection on short-term clinical efficacy of minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery: a meta-analysis.

In recent years, the utilization of indocyanine green near-infrared (ICG NIR) light imaging-guided lymph node dissection in the context of minimally invasive radical gastric cancer has emerged as a novel avenue for investigation. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of employing this technique for guiding lymph node dissection on the short-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery. The present study conducted a comprehensive search for short-term clinical outcomes, comparing the group undergoing ICG NIR light imaging-guided lymph node dissection with the control group, by thoroughly examining relevant literature from the inception to July 2023 in renowned databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The primary endpoints encompassed postoperative complications, including abdominal infection, abdominal bleeding, pneumonia, anastomotic fistula, and overall incidence of complications (defined as any morbidity categorized as Clavien-Dindo class I or higher within 30 days post-surgery or during hospitalization). Additionally, secondary outcome measures consisted of the time interval until the initiation of postoperative gas and food intake, as well as various other parameters, namely postoperative hospital stay, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, total number of harvested lymph nodes, and the number of harvested metastatic lymph nodes. To ensure methodological rigor, the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were employed to assess the quality of the included studies, while statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and Stata, version 12.0 software. A total of 19 studies including 3103 patients were ultimately included (n=1276 in the ICG group and n=1827 in the non-ICG group). In this meta-analysis, the application of ICG near-infrared light imaging in minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery effectively improved the occurrence of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher complications in patients (RR=0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.00) with a statistically significant P=0.05; in reducing intraoperative blood loss and shortening While reducing intraoperative blood loss and shortening postoperative hospital stay, it could ensure the thoroughness of lymph node dissection in minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery (MD=5.575, 95% CI 3.677-7.473) with significant effect size (Z=5.76, p<0.00001). The utilization of indocyanine green near-infrared light imaging technology in the context of minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery demonstrates notable efficacy in mitigating the occurrence of postoperative complications surpassing Clavien-Dindo grade II, while concurrently augmenting both the overall quantity of lymph node dissections and the identification of positive lymph nodes, all the while ensuring the preservation of surgical safety. Furthermore, the implementation of this technique proves particularly advantageous in the realm of robotic-assisted radical gastric cancer surgery, thus bearing significance for enhancing the short-term prognostic outcomes of patients.

Regional Governance and Multiplex Networks in Environmental Sustainability: An Exponential Random Graph Model Analysis in the Chinese Local Government Context

Chinese city governments have collaborated increasingly to address regional environmental issues by participating in informal and formal collaborative networks. However, collaboration among cities involves collaboration risks. This study investigates how cities strategically select collaborative partners in informal and formal networks in the context of the Yangtze River Delta in China. This study addresses this question by assessing the nature of collaborative problems in the informal and formal networks, the extent of homophily in actors’ preferences, and their relationship multiplexity. Findings from Exponential Random Graph Analysis demonstrate: (1) city governments tend to connect to the popular actor and create relationship closure in the informal network, while only forging relationship closure in the formal network; (2) homophily (in water pollution) and heterogeneity (in air pollution) jointly affect city governments’ choices of collaborative partners in the formal network; and (3) the presence of relationship multiplexity wherein the formation of formal ties is built between city governments with pre-existing informal interactions. The findings advance our knowledge of collaborative partner selection and local collaborative governance in China.

Cooperation in an uncertain environment: The impact of stakeholders' concerted action on collaborative innovation projects risk management

Due to the impact of the epidemic, the risk management strategies of stakeholders in the project have undergone significant changes. Recently, more and more companies have adopted collaborative innovation to develop new businesses. While in an uncertain environment, it is difficult for stakeholders to generate complete trust to integrate resources to achieve systematic management of project risks. Concerted action by stakeholders becomes a viable solution to this problem. Based on collaborative theory and risk management lifecycle, this paper proposes a stakeholder-risk integration analysis framework and builds a double-layer network model to verify it. A case study was conducted, including parallel simulation experiments with different concerted action strategies. The results show that project risks can be effectively controlled when stakeholders take concerted actions to deal with the risks. Under the conditions of complex stakeholder and risk relationships in collaborative innovation projects, stakeholders can achieve systematic risk control through behavioral cooperation without devoting their personal resources, which is beneficial to protect stakeholders' interests. Our research will contribute to the theory by promoting risk management research from the perspective of resource integration to organization and action integration. Finally, we make recommendations for management and future research.

Effectiveness of psychoeducation for children, adolescents and caregivers in the treatment of eating disorders: Asystematic review.

Eating disorders in childhood and adolescence negatively affect many areas of development and functioning of children, adolescents, and their families. Psychoeducation has an important role in management and treatment of eating disorders. A systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). The inclusion criteria comprised empirical studies of psychoeducation for patients with eating disorders or their caregivers. The study reporting quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool and the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields for non-randomized studies. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, in three of which the interventions were patient-centred and in seven of which the interventions were caregiver-centred. The studies differed in terms of methodology, outcome measures, and quality. The results suggest that psychoeducation is an effective intervention for children, adolescents and caregivers in the treatment of eating disorders. It may lead to weight gain, a decrease in eating disorder symptoms, and a reduction in caregiver burden. There is a need for more randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of psychoeducation for children, adolescents and caregivers in treatment of eating disorders.

Influence of wearing mouthguards on performance among athletes: A systematic review.

While the use of mouthguards is well established to prevent orofacial and dental trauma occurrence, limited evidence exists regarding their influence on athletic performance. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the effect of wearing mouthguards on athletic performance. Systematic review. An extensive search was performed in the databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library for studies published up to August 2022. Only peer-reviewed studies involving humans in vivo and investigating the use of mouthguards on performance among athletes were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The initial query yielded 4785 citations, of which 41 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 852 athletes. Overall, wearing mouthguards was found to improve athletic performance compared to the control group (without mouthguards). Custom-made mouthguards were found to be more effective in enhancing athletic performance compared to other types of mouthguards. Wearing mouthguards should be advocated by athletes not only for the prevention of orofacial and dental trauma but also for their potential improvements in athletic performance in specific actions. However, caution must be exercised in interpreting these findings due to the variability in outcome measures and the lack of important methodological details.

The Impact of Targeted Interventions Aimed to Improve Quality of Life in Patients Receiving Home Parental Nutrition - A Systematic Literature Review.

Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) is a specialised therapy offered to people suffering from intestinal failure. Underlying disease, HPN complications and limitations of HPN can significantly impact a person's Quality-of-Life (QOL). The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence on existing non-surgical/non-pharmacological interventions aimed at improving QOL, clinical, patient-reported and economic outcomes for patients receiving parenteral nutrition therapy at home across adult and paediatric settings. Online databases Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Cinahl were searched to identify studies published between 1937 to 31st March 2022. Identified studies were appraised using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment. Nine studies were included in this review. Interventions were focused on education (4), telemedicine (2), preparation of infusion mixtures (1), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (1) and a multi-modal approach (1). Only one study measured QOL before and after the intervention using a validated QOL tool. All studies were assessed at either some, high or critical risk of bias, resulting in low, or very low-quality evidence for the interventions evaluated. The findings from this review highlight the lack of high-quality non-surgical/non-pharmacological studies seeking to improve QOL for people on HPN. As the majority of people receiving HPN are not eligible for surgical or pharmaceutical treatments, higher quality research using clinical trial design, and research focused on improving QOL is needed to inform healthcare managers about the effectiveness (and value) of alternative service delivery models for this vulnerable patient group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Remote interventions for informal caregivers of patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesIt is unclear whether remote interventions are effective in improving outcomes of informal caregivers of patients who had a stroke. We synthesised evidence for the impact of remote interventions on...

Clinical performance of single implant prostheses restored using titanium base abutments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this review was to evaluate the survival rates of restorations utilizing titanium base abutments (TBA) for restoring single-unit implant prostheses. This review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The focus question was: In patients who require the restoration of a single dental implant utilizing a titanium base abutment, what are the determining factors and outcomes relating to implant prosthesis prognosis and survival? A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) was conducted on 16 April 2023 and updated on 5 May 2023. Randomized clinical trials (RCT), retrospective studies and prospective studies, reporting on the use of TBA for single implant prostheses, were reviewed. A Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment analysis was performed for randomized clinical studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was applied for non-randomized studies. A meta-analysis was performed on clinical trials reporting on survival rates of both TBA and other abutments. Other clinical studies, reporting on TBA only, were included for descriptive statistics. The search provided 1159 titles after duplicates were removed. Six RCTs were included to perform a meta-analysis and compare the survival of the TBA to other abutments [OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.21-2.63, heterogeneity; I2 0%; p = .99]. Twenty-three prospective and retrospective studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis after 12 months of function. A total of 857 single implant-supported prostheses fabricated with a TBA were included. TBA abutments have an estimate 98.6% survival rate after 1 year in function (95% CI: 97.9%-99.4%). The mean follow-up period was 31.2 ± 16.9 months. Single implant prosthesis restored with titanium base abutments showed favourable short-term survival rates.

Impact of spinal Anaesthesia versus general Anaesthesia on the incidence of surgical site infections after knee or hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

Postoperative Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) pose significant challenges to recovery after joint arthroplasty. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the incidence of SSIs after knee or hip arthroplasty under Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) versus general anaesthesia (GA). We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines, analysing data from 15 studies selected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to May 16, 2023. The analysis included studies comparing SSIs incidence in patients aged 18 years and above who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty under SA or GA. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The effect size was calculated using random or fixed-effects models based on the observed heterogeneity. We assessed the heterogeneity between studies and conducted a sensitivity analysis. Of 1651 initially identified studies, 15 articles encompassing 353 169 patients were included in the final analysis. A total of 156 405 patients were under SA, while 196 764 received GA. The studies demonstrated substantial heterogeneity (p = 0.007, I2 = 53.7%), resulting in a random-effects model being employed. Patients receiving SA showed a 23% lower likelihood of developing SSIs postoperatively compared to GA patients (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86, p < 0.001). Sub-group analysis further confirmed these findings regardless of the type of joint arthroplasty. This meta-analysis indicated a significantly lower incidence of SSIs following knee or hip arthroplasty under SA compared to GA. Despite observed heterogeneity, the results underscore the potential benefit of SA over GA in orthopaedic surgeries to reduce the risk of SSIs.

Linking supply chain resilience with knowledge management for achieving supply chain performance

Purpose Supply chain (SC) and knowledge management (KM) have been studied; still, there is a need to understand how KM can be used for SC resilience and improving the firm’s performance. The purpose of the paper is to study and analyze SC resilience strategies based on KM processes to enhance SC performance considering six SC strategies: SC reengineering, collaboration, SC innovation, SC integration, SC agility and SC risk management. Design/methodology/approach By adopting the dynamic capability theory, the empirical research is conducted on a sample of 312 Indian micro, small to medium enterprises. To evaluate 312 samples, the structural equation modeling approach is adopted. Findings The study found a is a positive relationship between SC reengineering, SC collaboration, SC integration, SC agility, SC risk management and KM. Nevertheless, the relationship between SC innovation and KM is not significant. This study also found the mediating effect of KM on SC performance, and the results shows that SC reengineering, SC collaboration, SC agility and SC risk management are having complementary mediation, while SC innovation and SC integration did not show any mediation. Originality/value This is the only research that integrates resilience strategies and KM for improving SC performance. Using KM, SC reengineering will improve SC performance by enhancing readiness and recovery strategies to avoid SC disruption. KM will improve SC collaboration. It will enhance the SC process’ overall visibility, transparency and so on. Agility leads to increased speed, visibility and flexibility, which aids in dealing with uncertainty in the environment. SCRM entails investments and additional resources (such as equipment and labor) to navigate uncertainty and risks in the SC and improve SC performance.

Vulnerability Assessment and Optimization Countermeasures of the Human–Land Coupling System of the China–Mongolia–Russia Cross-Border Transportation Corridor

In recent years, the conflicts of the human–land coupling system (HLS) in the cross-border transportation corridor areas have become increasingly severe, especially in the China–Mongolia–Russia Cross-Border Transportation Corridor (CMRTC). The vulnerability assessment of the HLS-CMRTC is the key scientific issue for regional sustainable development. Based on the nearly 20 years of a scientific expedition, we set the CMRTC as the study area, constructed the vulnerability assessment index system and quantitative model, assessed the vulnerability of the HLS-CMRTC, revealed the key influencing factors, divided vulnerability risk prevention zones, and proposed the targeted optimization countermeasures. This study found that: (1) The overall vulnerability pattern of the HLS-CMRTC showed a vulnerability level gradually increasing from south to north. (2) Permafrost instability risk, land desertification, temperature increase, and backward social development were key influences. (3) Vulnerability risk prevention zones were divided into four priority and two general zones. The targeted optimization countermeasures were proposed, such as establishing an ecological security barrier, carrying out collaborative ecological risk monitoring, and early warning. The conclusions could provide a decision-making basis for the study area to reduce the vulnerability of the HLS. They could also provide reference and scientific support for achieving sustainable development of the economy and environment in similar regions of the world.

The effectiveness of theory-based smoking cessation interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis

BackgroundSmoking cessation can effectively reduce the risk of death, alleviate respiratory symptoms, and decrease the frequency of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effective smoking cessation strategies are crucial for the prevention and treatment of COPD. Currently, clinical interventions based on theoretical frameworks are being increasingly used to help patients quit smoking and have shown promising results. However, theory-guided smoking cessation interventions have not been systematically evaluated or meta-analyzed for their effectiveness in COPD patients. To improve smoking cessation rates, this study sought to examine the effects of theory-based smoking cessation interventions on COPD patients.MethodsWe adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for our systematic review and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP Information Services Platform, and China Biomedical Literature Service System were searched from the establishment of the database to April 20, 2023. The study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk assessment tool for bias. The revman5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. The I2 test was used for the heterogeneity test, the random effect model and fixed effect model were used for meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding individual studies.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 3,830 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that theory-based smoking cessation interventions improved smoking cessation rates, quality of life, and lung function in COPD patients compared to conventional nursing. However, these interventions did not significantly affect the level of nicotine dependence in patients.ConclusionTheory-based smoking cessation intervention as a non-pharmacologically assisted smoking cessation strategy has a positive impact on motivating COPD patients to quit smoking and improving their lung function and quality of life.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration Number: CRD42023434357.

Does the introduction of a cobot change the productivity and posture of the operators in a collaborative task?

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main occupational diseases and are pathologies of multifactorial origin, with posture being one of them. This creates new human-robot collaboration situations that can modify operator behaviors and performance in their task. These changes raise questions about human-robot team performance and operator health. This study aims to understand the consequences of introducing a cobot on work performance, operator posture, and the quality of interactions. It also aims to evaluate the impact of two levels of difficulty in a dual task on these measures. For this purpose, thirty-four participants performed an assembly task in collaboration with a co-worker, either a human or a cobot with two articulated arms. In addition to this motor task, the participants had to perform an auditory task with two levels of difficulty (dual task). They were equipped with seventeen motion capture sensors. The collaborative work was filmed with a camera, and the actions of the participants and co-worker were coded based on the dichotomy of idle and activity. Interactions were coded based on time out, cooperation, and collaboration. The results showed that performance (number of products manufactured) was lower when the participant collaborated with a cobot rather than a human, with also less collaboration and activity time. However, RULA scores were lower-indicating a reduced risk of musculoskeletal disorders-during collaboration with a cobot compared to a human. Despite a decrease in production and a loss of fluidity, likely due to the characteristics of the cobot, working in collaboration with a cobot makes the task safer in terms of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Effect of S-ketamine on Postoperative Pain in Adults Post-Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: S-ketamine is the S-enantiomer of ketamine, which exerts anesthetic and analgesic effects through noncompetitive antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to define the relative risk of post–abdominal surgery pain in adults who were administered perioperative S-ketamine. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Two reviewers independently screened the articles from the titles and abstracts based on our eligibility criteria, evaluated the risk of bias by using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool in randomized controlled trials, and extracted the data from the included studies according to a prespecified protocol; any disagreements were solved by consultation. The level of certainty for the main results were evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system RESULTS: Of the 1,621 studies identified, 9 studies were included; they were published from 2004 through 2022. Only one study involved epidural anesthesia, whereas the other 8 studies included general anesthesia. The pain at rest scores at 4 and 24 hours post–abdominal surgery were significantly lower in the S-ketamine group, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the pain at rest scores at 48 hours post–abdominal surgery. S-ketamine infusion reduced pain during movement 24 hours post-abdominal surgery, but not at 48 hours, respectively. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as psychotomimetic adverse effects post-abdominal surgery were similar between the 2 groups, respectively. A subgroup analysis revealed that the pain at rest score at 4 hours post-abdominal surgery in patients in the intraoperative use group was remarkably reduced, compared with the patients who received S-ketamine perioperatively. Otherwise, the pain at rest score at 24 hours post-abdominal surgery in the perioperative use group was significantly reduced versus intraoperative use group. LIMITATION: The number of trials included was small. The remarkable heterogeneity found in the pooled results at each time point post-abdominal surgery might affect the credibility of the results. CONCLUSIONS: S-ketamine is effective in reducing the early postoperative pain of patients who received abdominal surgery, and may not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. KEY WORDS: S-ketamine, intravenous, postoperative pain, abdominal surgery, pain scores, randomized controlled trial, systematic review, meta-analysis

Immediate and short-term effects of eccentric muscle contractions on structural, morphological, mechanical, functional and physiological properties of peripheral nerves: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

It is widely acknowledged that eccentric muscle contractions may cause skeletal muscle damage. However, there is little knowledge about the impact of eccentric contractions on non-muscular structures. Animal and human studies revealed that eccentric contractions can also induce immediate and short-term nerve dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to examine whether eccentric muscle contractions induce immediate and short-term effects on structural, morphological, mechanical, functional and physiological properties of peripheral nerves, from both animal and human studies. A systematic review of randomised (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials will be conducted. Four electronic databases (i.e., Medline/Pubmed, Science Direct, PEDro and Cochrane) will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies have to comprise any type of eccentric contraction of upper or lower limb muscles. Primary outcomes will include measures related to structure, morphology, mechanical, functional and physiological properties of peripheral nerves. Two independent reviewers will assess eligibility, evaluate risk of bias, and extract relevant data. In human studies, the risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0 tool) for RCTs and by risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) for non-randomised controlled trials; while for animal studies, the risk of bias will be assessed using the SYRCLE's RoB tool. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Also, if appropriate, a meta-analysis will be performed, where the effect size of each outcome will be determined by the standardized mean difference as well as the 95% confidence intervals. I2 statistics will be used to assess heterogeneity. For this study, no ethical approval is required. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Registration number: CRD42021285767.