Cold Lateral Condensation Technique Research Articles

The Effect of Smear Layer on Push - Out Bond Strength to Dentin of Bioceramic Sealer ( in Vitro Study )

Sealers should demonstrate adhesive properties to dentin, decreasing the chance of endodontic treatment failure. Increased adhesive properties to dentin may lead to greater strength of the restored tooth, which may provide greater resistance to tooth fracture and clinical longevity of an endodontically treated tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of Bioceramic iRoot SP sealer, AH plus sealer and Apexit plus sealer in absence or presence of smear layer using push out bond strength test. Materials and Methods: Sixty straight single roots of the mandibular premolars were selected for this study. All canals were instrumented using ProTaper rotary instruments to achieve tapered canal walls, instrumentation was done with copious irrigation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of sealer used (twenty teeth for each group): Group A: Apexit plus + gutta percha, Group B: AH plus sealer + gutta percha, Group C: iRoot SP sealer + gutta percha .Then groups were subdivided according to types of final irrigation into two subgroups. Groups (A1, B 1, and C 1) were irrigated with 5 ml of 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute while Groups (A2, B2, and C2), the smear layer was removed with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 1 minute. All groups were rinsed with distilled water and then obturated with cold lateral condensation technique, the roots then stored in moist environment at 37°C for one week. The roots were embedded in clear acrylic resin and three horizontal sections were prepared at a thickness of 1 mm ±0.1 in the apical, middle and coronal parts of each root. The test specimens were subjected to the push-out test method using a Universal Test Machine that carried 1-mm, 0.5- mm and 0.3-mm plungers for coronal, middle and apical specimens, respectively. The loading speed was 0.5 mm/ min. The computer showed the higher bond force before dislodgment of the filling material. These forces were divided by the surface area to obtain the bond strength in MPa. Results: The results showed that the bond strengths of iRoot SP and AH Plus were significantly higher than those of Apexit plus, but there was no significant difference between the bond strength of iRoot SP and AH Plus.In terms of root segments, the bond strengths in the middle specimens and the apical specimens were higher compared with the bond strengths in the coronal specimens. Conclusion: The presence or absence of smear layer did not significantly affect the bond strength of Bioceramic filling materials.

Sealing ability of gutta-percha/Nano HA versus Resilon/Epiphany after 20 months using an electrochemical model – an in vitro study

Aim: To evaluate the sealing ability of gutta-percha-nano-HA and Resilon-Epiphany by electrochemical method and micro-computed tomography (CT) scan at 48 h and 20 months using three different obturation techniques (cold lateral condensation technique, warm vertical condensation - System B, and warm vertical condensation with vibration - Down-Pak). Methods: 150 human mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared and randomly allocated into 6 groups of 25 specimens each, and filled with either gutta-percha-nano HA or Resilon-Epiphany with the three different obturation techniques (cold lateral, warm vertical - System B, and warm vertical with vibration - Down-Pak). Electrochemical microleakage method was used to measure the microleakage after 48 h and after 20 months, and a micro-CT Scanner 1072 was used to evaluate the quality of obturation after 48 h. Results: Group 6 (Resilon-epiphany/Down-Pak technique) had the highest microleakage value, followed by Group 2 (Gutta-percha-nano HA/ System B technique), Group 4 (Resilon-Epiphany/Lateral condensation technique), Group 3 (Gutta-percha-nano HA/Down-Pak technique), Group 5 (Resilon-Epiphany/System B technique), and Group 1 (Gutta-percha-nano HA/Lateral condensation technique) with the values of 4.69 (6.06) KU, 3.88 (2.92) KU, 3.77 (3.75) KU, 3.38 (3.92) KU, 2.64 (2.90) KU, and 2.44 (4.34) KU, respectively. No significant difference in the quantity of leakage was observed for each root in each group between the two tested filling materials and their sealers (p=0.143). Micro CT scan investigations revealed more micro-voids in the Resilon-Epiphany Group obturated with DownPak technique. Conclusions: Nano-hydroxyapatite sealer with gutta-percha filling material provided a reasonable seal compared with Epiphany sealer and Resilon filling material.

Efficacy of ProTaper Universal Rotary Retreatment System for Gutta-percha Removal from Oval Root Canals: A Micro–Computed Tomography Study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to use micro–computed tomography to evaluate the amount of remaining root filling material in oval canals filled by using 2 obturation techniques after retreatment with the ProTaper Universal Retreatment with or without solvent. MethodsForty mandibular incisor teeth with oval canals were prepared to the ProTaper Universal F3 and filled with gutta-percha and iRoot SP sealer by using continuous wave of condensation or cold lateral condensation techniques. The root fillings were removed with the ProTaper Universal Retreatment system, and the canals were prepared further with ProTaper F4. The operating time was measured. Preoperative and postoperative micro–computed tomography imaging was used to assess the percentage of volume of residual filling material in the canals. ResultsRemaining filling material was observed in all specimens. The mean volume of remaining material was higher in the continuous wave of condensation groups than in the cold lateral condensation groups, especially in the apical portions of the root canals (P < .05). The time required to reach a working length was significantly less in the solvent groups than in the nonsolvent groups (P < .05). However, in the nonsolvent groups, less time was required to achieve satisfactory gutta-percha removal and root canal refinement than in the solvent groups (P < .05). ConclusionsNone of the retreatment techniques were able to completely remove all gutta-percha/sealer from the oval canals. More root filling material was left in the root canals filled by using the continuous wave condensation technique than those filled by using the cold lateral condensation technique after retreatment. In the nonsolvent groups, less time was needed to achieve satisfactory gutta-percha removal and root canal refinement than in the solvent groups.

Effect of Different Final Irrigation Solutions on Dentinal Tubule Penetration Depth and Percentage of Root Canal Sealer

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different solutions used for final irrigation on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. MethodsThirty-two recently extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to the final irrigation solution used: (1) the EDTA group: 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl, (2) the maleic acid (MA) group: 7% MA + 2.5% NaOCl, (3) the citric acid (CA) group: 10% CA + 2.5% NaOCl, and (4) the control group: 2.5% NaOCl. All teeth were obturated using the cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer (Dentsply; DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) labeled with fluorescent dye. The teeth were sectioned at distances of 2, 5, and 8 mm from the root apex. Total percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy. ResultsThe Kruskal-Wallis analysis results showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration among all groups in all sections (P < .05).The coronal sections in each group showed a significantly higher percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration than did the apical and middle sections (P < .05). ConclusionsFinal irrigation with EDTA, MA, and CA after the use of NaOCl affected sealer penetration. However, there was no significant difference between these experimental groups (EDTA, MA, and CA) in all sections.

Evaluation of epoxy resin sealer after three root canal filling techniques by confocal laser scanning microscopy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of endodontic sealer into the dentin tubules, the integrity of the sealer layer perimeter, and the sealer area at the apical third after different filling techniques by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Forty-five mandibular premolars were mechanically prepared with ProTaper files, until F5 file. Thereafter, they were filled with an epoxy-resin sealer (AH Plus) mixed with Rhodamine B dye (0.1% proportion) and allocated in three groups: Group 1, single master cone; Group 2, cold lateral compaction; and Group 3, Thermafil. For confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis, the specimens were transversely sectioned at 4 mm from the apex. The images at ×10 and ×40 were analyzed by Imagetool 3.0 software. Significant differences were not found among the three experimental groups according the dentin-impregnate area by the sealer (P = 0.68) and between the sealer and root canal perimeter (P = 0.18). However, root canal filling techniques were significantly different when apical sealer areas were compared (P = 0.001). Thermafil group showed smaller sealer areas (8.09%) while cold lateral compaction and gutta-percha master cone showed similar areas (17.37 and 21.18%, respectively). The dentin-impregnated area was not dependent on the root canal filling technique. Single master cone, cold lateral condensation and Thermafil techniques presented integrity of the sealer perimeter close to 100% and Thermafil resulted in a significantly thinner sealer layer.

Effect of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine medicaments on the apical seal.

Leakage of the root canal system is an importent consideration when placing an intracanal medicament. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of calcium hydroxide and 1% chlorhexidine gel as intracanal medicaments on tooth apical seal. Seventy extracted, single-rooted maxillary anterior teeth were divided into the three experimental groups (n=20). All root canals were instrumented with step-back technique and divided into three groups. Group 1 had root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide; group 2 had root canal dressing with 1% chlorhexidine gel and group 3, did not receive a dressing. The roots were incubated in 100% humidity at 37°C for 7 days. After removing the dressings, all canals of the experimental groups were obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique. The root surfaces of all specimens were coated with two layers of nail varnish, except for the 2 mm surrounding the apical foramen. Apical sealing ability was assessed by dye leakage method and the specimens were examined under a stereo-microscope. Dye penetrations were measured and analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test. Calcium hydroxide group had the least frequency of apical leakage at 2 mm level (0.46±0.40 mm), whilst chlorhexidine group showed the greatest apical leakage (0.86±0.42 mm). There was statistical difference between group 1 and 2 (P<0.05), but no statistical difference between group 1 and 3, or between groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05). Intracanal calcium hydroxide medicament may decrease apical leakage of gutta-percha root fillings when AH26 sealer is used; chlorhexidine may increase the leakage.

Comparative evaluation of debris extruded apically by using, Protaper retreatment file, K3 file and H-file with solvent in endodontic retreatment

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris comparing 2 engine driven systems and hand instrumentation technique during root canal retreatment. Materials and Methods: Forty five human permanent mandibular premolars were prepared using the step-back technique, obturated with gutta-percha/zinc oxide eugenol sealer and cold lateral condensation technique. The teeth were divided into three groups: Group A: Protaper retreatment file, Group B: K3, file Group C: H-file with tetrachloroethylene. All the canals were irrigated with 20ml distilled water during instrumentation. Debris extruded along with the irrigating solution during retreatment procedure was carefully collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were stored in an incubator for 5 days, placed in a desiccator and then re-weighed. Weight of dry debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of the tube before instrumentation and from the weight of the tube after instrumentation. Data was analyzed using Two Way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. Results : There was statistically significant difference in the apical extrusion of debris between hand instrumentation and protaper retreatment file and K3 file. The amount of extruded debris caused by protaper retreatment file and K3 file instrumentation technique was not statistically significant. All the three instrumentation techniques produced apically extruded debris and irrigant. Conclusion: The best way to minimize the extrusion of debris is by adapting crown down technique therefore the use of rotary technique (Protaper retreatment file, K3 file) is recommended.

The effect of different sealer placement techniques on sealing Ability: An in vitro study

Aim:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of an endodontic sealer following different techniques of its placement.Materials and Methods:A total of 119 permanent human anterior teeth were prepared by using manual Protaper® and randomly divided into three equal groups of 33 teeth each. The teeth were obturated with the cold lateral condensation technique and AH26 sealer which was placed by using the following: G1: rotary lentulo spiral; G2: manual lentulo spiral; and G3: master gutta-percha coating. The remaining 20 teeth served as positive and negative controls. The samples were immersed in the methylene blue solution for 3 days and longitudinally sectioned for dye penetration assessment and analyzed using a stereomicroscope.Results:There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.305) among the three groups. However, the rotary lentulo spiral technique and the master gutta-percha coating technique showed the highest (4.5 mm) and the lowest (3.8 mm) microleakage values, respectively.Conclusion:Different techniques of sealer placement used in this study provided a comparable seal. However, the master gutta-percha coating technique might be preferable because of its ease of use.

Fracture resistance of root filled teeth with different obturating materials – An ex vivo evaluation

Objectives – This study was undertaken to compare the fracture resistance of root filled teeth with four different obturating materials. Study design : Fifty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth with similar dimension were selected . Crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the length of the roots were adjusted to 13 mm. Following the preparation of the root canals and final irrigation with EDTA and saline, 15 root canals in group I were filled with Resilon cones and Epiphany sealer, 15 root canals in group II were filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus, 15 root canals in group III were filled with Gutta-percha and Tubliseal Sealer and 15 root canals were filled with Gutta-percha and Sealapex Sealer. All materials were used with a cold lateral condensation technique. Tests for fracture strength were performed using a universal testing machine and a round tip that had a diameter of 4 mm. The force was applied vertically with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. Results were evaluated statistically with ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests. Results : The mean force of fracture values was 738.15N,650.82N,575.39N and 551.41N for groups I,II,III and IV respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the groups. Group I showed the highest fracture resistance as compared to group II and group III and group IV showed similar result. Conclusions: It was concluded that Resilon and Epiphany combination showed the highest fracture resistance followed by Gutta percha and AH Plus . Gutta percha and Tubliseal & Gutta percha and Sealapex showed the similar strength.

A clinical trial of cold lateral compaction with Obtura II technique in root canal obturation

Introduction:The purpose of obturation of the prepared root canal space is to prevent coronal leakage and bacterial contamination and to seal the apex from the periapical tissue fluids. Cold lateral technique has been considered to be a gold standard, however considering its limitations various thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques have been recommended. This study compares radiographic quality of obturation in molar teeth, obturated with cold lateral condensation and thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique (Obtura II system).Materials and Methods:Sixty patients were equally divided into two groups, Group A obturated with Cold lateral condensation technique and group B with Obtura II. Periapical radiographs were obtained immediately after the obturation using paralleling device method. The radiographs were examined by an observer, who was blinded to the group allocation. Data was compared using χ2 (Chi square) test and Independent sample t test was used to compare the mean ages.Results:Both groups were comparable in all respects such as tooth type, preoperative diagnosis and preoperative pain (P>0.05); however, more pre-operative radiolucency cases were allocated to Obtura II (P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups, both in terms of postoperative voids as well as apical termination of the obturation (P>0.05).Conclusion:Within the limitations of the study, it was found that statistically there was no significant difference between cold lateral and obtura II technique, in terms of post obturation voids and apical termination, as observed in radiographs.

An ex vivo comparison of the push-out bond strength of a new endodontic filling system (Smartseal) and various gutta-percha filling techniques

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the push-out bond strength of a new filling material (Smartseal) compared with gutta-percha/AH-26. A total of 40 extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. After instrumentation using the ProTaper rotary system, the root canals were filled as follows: Group 1, Smartseal sealer and a 0.06 taper Smartpoint calibrated to apical tip size 30; Group 2, Smartseal sealer and an F3 SmartpointPT; Group 3, AH-26 sealer and a single F3 ProTaper gutta-percha cone and Group 4, AH-26 sealer and gutta-percha using the cold lateral condensation technique. Two successive disk shaped slices were cut from each root sample and the bond strength was measured using the push-out test. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis with the level of significance set at 0.05. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean bond strengths of the various groups; thus indicating there was no difference in adhesion to dentine between the Smartseal system and gutta-percha/AH-26 applied using either the single cone or lateral condensation technique.

Evaluation of the influence of smear layer removal on the sealing ability of two different obturation techniques

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and 17% EDTA irrigation on apical seals with clearing technique, when used prior to two root canal filling techniques. Material and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar and canine teeth, each with one root canal, were instrumented with Protaper rotary nickel-titanium instruments and then randomly divided into six groups according to the final irrigation solutions and Nd:YAG laser irradiation for smear layer removal and obturation techniques employed: Group I: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and cold lateral condensation technique, Group II: 17% EDTA and cold lateral condensation technique, Group III: Nd:YAG laser and cold lateral condensation technique, Group IV: 2.5% NaOCl and thermoplasticised injectable gutta-percha technique (Dia-Gun system), Group V: 17% EDTA and Dia-Gun system, Group VI: Nd:YAG laser and Dia-Gun system. After obturation, the root surfaces were coated with a double layer of nail varnish, with the exception of the apical 2 mm, and placed in indian ink for 7 days. All samples were rendered transparent to measure the maximum linear dye penetration. Results: Group 1 showed significantly greater dye leakage compared with groups 5 and 6 (P However, no significant difference was found between other groups (P>0.05). Canals obturated with Dia-Gun system showed less mean dye leakage than canals obturated with lateral condensation. Groups, finally irrigated with 17%EDTA and irradiated with Nd:YAG laser, were showed lower mean dye leakage than control groups for both obturation techniques. Conclusion: Under in vitro conditions, we found that smear layer removal improved the ability of the filling materials to prevent the fluid movement. Also, Dia-Gun system showed less apical leakage than cold lateral condensation technique in the presence or absence of the smear layer. Keywords: Apical leakage, Dia-Gun, EDTA, Nd:YAG laser, clearing technique

The sealing ability of a new silicone-based root canal filling material (GuttaFlow): an in vitro study using the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area

Percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGFA) was used to investigate the sealing ability of GuttaFlow. A total of 80 mandibular first premolars with single canal were randomly divided into 4 Groups (n=20) according to root canal filling technique and/or material - Group1: cold lateral condensation technique; Group 2: continuous wave condensation technique; Group 3: GuttaFlow; Group 4: GuttaFlow and accessory gutta-percha cones without lateral condensation. The PGFA values of Groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher than those of Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 (p>0.05). It was concluded that GuttaFlow provided superior sealing ability, such that accessory gutta-percha cones became unnecessary when filling root canals with GuttaFlow.

Evaluation and comparison of sealing ability of three different obturation techniques - Lateral condensation, Obtura II, and GuttaFlow: An in vitro study

Aim:To evaluate and compare the sealing ability between the conventional cold lateral condensation technique and two different obturating techniques — Obtura II and GuttaFlow under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification.Materials and Methods:Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected and the canals were shaped with ProTaper rotary files. Irrigation was performed with 5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The teeth were then separated into three groups depending on the type of obturation technique. Group A (n = 20) — obturated using the Lateral condensation technique and AHplus sealer, Group B (n = 20) — obturated with Obtura II injection-molded thermoplasticized technique and AHplus sealer, and Group C (n = 20) obturated using GuttaFlow. After storing the teeth in 100% humidity for seven days at 37°C, the roots of the teeth were sectioned at five levels. The sections were then observed under a stereomicroscope at 40 × magnification and the images were analyzed for area of voids (AV) and frequency of voids.Statistical Analysis Used:The data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS version 17 software. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was carried out, to compare the means.Results:The lowest mean of AV was recorded in the Obtura II group, 1.0% (95% CI = 0.5 – 1.5). This was statistically and significantly different from the GuttaFlow group, 3.0% (95% CI = 2.1 – 3.9). There was no significant difference between the Obtura II group and the lateral condensation group, 1.6% (95% CI= 1.0 – 2.2) with regard to the area of voids, but there was a statistically significant difference between the Lateral condensation and GuttaFlow groups. The GuttaFlow group showed the maximum number of voids, 56% (95% CI = 48 – 64), which was significantly higher than those in the lateral condensation, 26% (95% CI= 19 – 34), and Obtura II, 15% (95% CI= 10 – 21) groups.Conclusion:The Obtura II technique utilizing the injection-molded thermoplasticized gutta-percha had better adaptability to the canal walls when compared to the GuttaFlow obturation and lateral condensation techniques.

Evaluation of homogeneity and density of root canal filling with four obturation techniques

To evaluate the homogeneity and density of root canal filling with four obturation techniques. Forty extracted single root teeth were randomly divided into four groups with 10 teeth each. Under simulated clinical conditions, the root canals were shaped with Nickle titanium rotary files (Protaper) using crown-down technique and were filled with warm vertically condensed gutta-percha (group A), core carrier technique-thermafil (group B), guttaflow (group C) and conventional cold laterally condensed gutta-percha (group D). Roots were sectioned at four levels. The cross-sections were photographed through a microscope, the photos were analysed, and the percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) was measured. The overall PGFA values were (96.5 ± 3.6)%, (95.6 ± 3.9)%, (86.5 ± 5.7)% and (81.5 ± 4.2)% for groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between these groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Group A and B were significantly higher than group C and D (P < 0.01). The PGFA in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.01). The average PGFA in both group A and B was higher than that of group C and D at apical and middle level (P < 0.01). Warm vertical condensation and thermafil produce significantly higher PGFA than guttaflow and cold lateral condensation technique.

In vitro comparison of apical leakage in root canals obturated with 0.04 and 0.02 tapered gutta-percha.

Gutta-percha is the most commonly used material for root canal obturation; it has been recently manufactured with different tapers. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare microleakage of canals obturated with standard gutta-percha (0.02 taper) or the new 0.04 taper gutta-percha master cone using the cold lateral condensation technique. Forty-four extracted single rooted teeth were selected. The crowns were removed and all the canals were prepared using RaCe rotary files. The teeth were then divided into experimental (n=2) and control (n=2) groups. In the first study group, the teeth were obturated with 0.02 taper gutta-percha master cone and lateral condensation. In the second study group, the canals were obturated by 0.04 tapered master cones and the same obturation method. The degree of leakage was measured using fluid filtration method. Data were analyzed statistically by student t-test. There was no significant difference between the mean microleakage of two experimental groups (P=0.558). Lateral condensation technique using 0.04 tapered master cones can provide an effective apical seal similar to 0.02 gutta-percha cones.

Sealing ability of Hybrid Root SEAL (MetaSEAL) in conjunction with different obturation techniques

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of Hybrid Root SEAL (MetaSEAL) in conjunction with different obturation techniques. Sixty-eight extracted human mandibular straight single-rooted teeth with mature apices were prepared using a step-back technique and divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 15). An additional 8 teeth were prepared for controls (3 for positive, 3 for negative control, and 2 more for calculating 100% leakage). The experimental groups were obturated with Hybrid Root SEAL (MetaSEAL) using cold lateral condensation, vertical condensation, Thermafil, and Ultrafil techniques. Fluid movement along the filled canals was measured using a fluid filtration method. Measurements were made at 2-minute intervals for 8 minutes. The data were calculated as microL/min and statistically analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Duncan Test. Cold lateral and vertical condensation had significantly less fluid movement than the Thermafil and Ultrafil groups. Thermafil group had the highest fluid movement values when compared with the other groups (P < .01). Hybrid Root SEAL (MetaSEAL) had less fluid movement with cold lateral and vertical condensation techniques when compared with Thermafil and Ultrafil techniques.

Comparison of laterally condensed, vertically compacted thermoplasticized, cold free-flow GP obturations - A volumetric analysis using spiral CT

Aim/Objective:To compare the laterally condensed gutta-percha, vertically compacted thermoplastized gutta-percha (E and Q Plus system) and cold free-flow gutta–percha (GuttaFlow). This is a volumetric analysis using spiral CT, an in vitro study.Materials and Methods:Access cavities were prepared in 60 single rooted anterior teeth; cleaning and shaping was done and obturated with three of the different techniques: group A: cold lateral; group B: vertically compacted thermoplasticized and group C: cold free-flow obturation techniques. Volume analysis was done using spiral computed tomography (CT). The percentage difference was calculated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison Tukey HSD tests.Results:There were statistical significant differences between group A (0.183cm3) and group B (0.136cm3); group A (0.183cm3) and group C (0.128cm3). But there was no statistical significance between group B (0.136cm3) and group C (0.128cm3).Conclusion:Within the limitations of this in vitro study it can be concluded that cold free-flow obturation technique showed the highest volume of obturation, followed by the vertically condensed thermoplasticized technique. The least volume of obturation was observed in cold lateral condensation technique.

ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF A MAXILLARY LEFT SECOND PREMOLAR WITH INTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION (A CASE REPORT)

Evidence of internal root resorption is quite rarely found in permanent teeth. In most cases it is usually asymptomatic and detected only by radiographic screening. The appearance in a radiographic view seems uniform, i.e. round to oval shaped radioloucenet enlargement of pulp dental space. Trauma was commonly recognized as one of the initiating factors of internal root resorption. This case report of endodontic management will specifically focus on a maxillary left second premolar with internal resorption due to chronic pulpal inflammation. A common failure in performing a hermetic sealing of the root canals might depend on the complexity of anatomy of its root canals. Therefore, a modification of obturation techniques is needed. The report described a combination of a cold lateral condensation technique and a warm vertical condensation technique could be used as an alternative technique in obturating the canals with an internal root resorption.

Comparison of the quality of root filling achieved using five different obturation techniques

Aim The aim of this was study to evaluate the quality of root filling achieved using five different techniques. Materials and Method Fifty extracted human teeth single root canals were prepared using hand Pro taper files and a crown -down instrumentation techniques. Five different obturation techniques were used. The time taken to obturate the canals and the extrusion of sealer or gutta - percha was measured. The radiographic quality of obturation was determined for each canal using a 4-point scale. Micro-leakage was assessed using a dye-+extraction method. Results For the time taken by obturation technique a significant difference was recorded between the groups (p<0.00001) together with a significant difference amongst the radiographic scores for the various filling techniques used (p<0.001) the control group of specimens obturated with cold lateral condensation but no sealer showed the most voids within the root filling. Specimens obturated using a single cone of greater/variable taper produced a better radiographic quality of root filing particularly in the apical 4mm. For dye evaluation a significant difference between groups was recorded (p.0.0001) Conclusions The use of a sealer with gutta percha reduced the amount of micro - leakage obtained. The cold lateral condensation technique was time consuming but produced a good radiographic result and resistance to micro - leakage. Specimens obtuared with Epiphany demonstrated the highest dye uptake. Specimens obturated with thermoplasticized gutta-percha demonstrated no micro - leakage, had a satisfactory radiographic result and a reduction in the time for obturation compared with the use of cold lateral condensation /sealer.