Coherence In Adolescents Research Articles

Development and effects of salutogenesis program for adolescents with moyamoya disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Disease-specific interventions for management and health behavior implementation are needed to improve the health and quality of life of adolescents with moyamoya disease. This study aimed to develop a program for adolescents with moyamoya disease based on the salutogenesis theory, which focuses on the process of enhancing health through successful adaptation to external stressors, and to evaluate its effectiveness. A randomized controlled trial was performed according to the CONSORT guidelines. This preliminary research and experimental treatment were conducted at a Severance Hospital ward and outpatient clinic among 48 participants randomized into the intervention (seven sessions of salutogenesis program, n = 24) or the control group (one session of one-to-one moyamoya disease education program, n = 24) from September 6, 2018 to January 4, 2019. Changes in the following study outcomes were reported: "knowledge of moyamoya disease," "social support," "sense of coherence," "moyamoya disease health behavior," "stress," "depression," "subjective health status," "frequency of ischemic symptoms," and "quality of life". The salutogenesis program improved the knowledge and social support of adolescents with illness-related problems and helped them attain healthy behaviors and stress reduction. It was confirmed to be effective in improving their quality of life. The salutogenesis program for adolescents with moyamoya disease effectively improved the generalized resistance resources and sense of coherence in adolescents with moyamoya disease. Korean Clinical Research Information Service registry, KCT0006869.

The relationship between life events and sense of coherence in adolescence. A longitudinal twin study

This three-wave study examined the relationship between life events and sense of coherence (SOC) throughout adolescence by using genetically informative random intercept cross-lagged panel models. We also examined the genetic and environmental contribution to variance in the measured constructs. The data come from a Norwegian population-based twin sample (N = 2,878). Life events and SOC were associated, and both showed substantial genetic variance. Negative longitudinal effects were observed from negative dependent life events to SOC, from SOC to negative dependent life events and from SOC to positive dependent life events. However, these longitudinal effects were negligible in magnitude. In summary, the associations between all three clusters of life events and SOC were almost completely accounted for by shared genetic influences.

Changes in Electroencephalogram Coherence in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder After a Social Skills Intervention.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects social communication and behavior. There is consensus that neurological differences are present in ASD. Further, theories emphasize the mixture of hypo- and hyper-connectivity as a neuropathologies in ASD [O'Reilly, Lewis, & Elsabbagh, 2017]; however, there is a paucity of studies specifically testing neurological underpinnings as predictors of success on social skills interventions. This study examined functional neural connectivity (electroencephalogram [EEG], coherence) of adolescents with ASD before and after the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) intervention, using a randomized controlled trial of two groups: an Experimental ASD (EXP) Group and a Waitlist Control ASD (WL) Group. The study had two purposes. First, the study aimed to determine whether changes in EEG coherence differed for adolescents that received PEERS® versus those that did not receive PEERS®. Results revealed a significant increase in connectivity in the occipital left to temporal left pair for the EXP group after intervention. Second, the study aimed to determine if changes in EEG coherence related to changes in behavior, friendships, and social skills measured by questionnaires. At post-intervention, results indicated: (a) positive change in frontal right to parietal right coherence was linked to an increase in social skills scores; and (b) positive changes in occipital right to temporal right coherence and occipital left to parietal left coherence were linked to an increase in the total number of get-togethers. Results of this study support utilizing neurobehavioral domains as indicators of treatment outcome. Lay Summary: This study examined how well various areas of the brain communicate in adolescents with ASD before and after a social skills intervention. Results revealed increased connectivity in the adolescents that received the intervention. Secondly, the study aimed to determine if changes in connectivity of brain areas related to changes in behavior, friendships, and social skills. Results indicated that changes in connectivity were also linked to increased social skills. Autism Res 2021, 14: 787-803. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Psychological resources in adolescence and the association with labour market participation in early adulthood: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundYoung adults at the age of 25–29 in Denmark have the highest unemployment rate and are at higher risk of labour market marginalization. Exclusion from the labour market may have negative individual consequences on mental and physical health and can lead to increasing societal expenditures due to social benefits. It is important to understand what factors determine or protect against early labour market marginalization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between psychological resources in adolescence and labour market participation in early adulthood, and whether the associations differed by gender.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used questionnaire data collected through the West Jutland Cohort study in 2004 and 2007. The study population (N = 2982) consisted of people born in 1989 and living in the county of Ringkjoebing at baseline in 2004. Outcome was dichotomized as +/− 12 months of passive labour market participation during the age of 25–29. Psychological resources were measured as self-esteem, sense of coherence and mastery. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between psychological resources and labour market participation.ResultsResults indicated associations between high levels of mastery or sense of coherence in adolescence and high labour market participation in early adulthood. The strongest associations were observed for females with a medium (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8) or high level (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.4) of mastery or a high level of sense of coherence (OR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.0–2.4) at age 15 and for males with a medium (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–3.8) or high (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5) level of mastery or a high level of sense of coherence (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–3.1) at age 18.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate associations between a high level of sense of coherence or mastery in adolescence and high labour market participation in early adulthood in a Danish context. Psychological resources seemed to play a bigger role for females in early adolescence compared to males, for whom a larger impact was seen in late adolescence.

Narrative Coherence in Adolescence: Relations With Attachment, Mentalization, and Psychopathology

Narrative coherence refers to the overall completeness of the narrative that helps the individual to draw meaning from past events. Research has predominantly focused on developmental trajectories of narrative coherence among typically developing individuals and less research sheds light on narrative coherence in adolescents facing serious psychological difficulties. This study is the first to apply Baerger and McAdams’s well-validated coding scheme of narrative coherence to adolescents and to rate narrative coherence based on the content derived from the Child Attachment Interview in the context of attachment security, mentalization, and internalizing and externalizing pathology in 70 inpatient adolescents. Findings emphasized that the coding scheme is applicable for adolescents and attachment narratives. Narrative coherence was negatively correlated with age and no gender differences were found. Higher attachment security and better mentalization both contributed to more coherent narratives. More coherent narratives predicted less externalizing problems, but when controlling for mentalization and attachment security, mentalization was the strongest predictor. The relation between narrative coherence and other social-cognitive constructs is discussed, as well as how poor narrative coherence should be taken into account with respect to psychopathology in adolescence. Finally, the value of this coding scheme to evaluating narrative coherence in adolescence is discussed.

Factores socioeducativos y sentido de coherencia asociados a la calidad de vida en adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana

The research aimed to explain the construct Quality of Life associated with socio-educational factors and the sense of coherence in adolescents of Lima Metropolitan area. The study population consisted of 1211 adolescents aged 12 to 19 attending public and private educational institutions of Lima Metropolitan area. Data was obtained through the Questionnaire for Assessing Adolescent Students’ Quality of Life (CCVA), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SCS), and a questionnaire on the study variables Family Context, School Climate, and Risk Factors. The results show that the three dimensions of the sense of coherence are good predictors of quality of life. The socio-educational factors Family Context and School Climate presented statistically significant differences in quality of life levels depending on the socio-economic sectors.

Korelati osećaja porodične koherentnosti kod adolescenata

Theoretical basis of the paper is a salutogenetic model of Aron Antonovski's model and belief that apart from the sense of coherence and sense of family coherence , as central sources of health, generalized and specific health sources are also important. The mentioned health sources Antonovski determines as different characteristics of an individual, group or environment which help mastering tension, which is caused by different stressors or serve for avoiding or suppress different stressors. The paper examines correlation of the sense of family coherence in adolescents with some variables which are included in the research as health sources (resistance sources). The aim of research was to examine the sense of family coherence in adolescents with: satisfaction with family (generally and globally), self-respect, family financial situation, educational level of their parents, success in education so far, number of family members and birth order. The sample consisted of adolescents of both sexes, aged 15 to 24 (N=360). Questionnaire of basic data, Scale for estimation of family coherence, Scale of family adaptation and Scale of self-respect are used for the research purposes. The data was processed by correlative analysis. Results obtained showed that there is a positive correlation of sense of family coherence in adolescents (both as a whole and as components) with general and global satisfaction with family and self-respect, as well as correlation of components with family financial situation and school/academic success. Results obtained point to the conclusion that stronger feeling of family coherence is found in adolescents who are more satisfied with their families (generally and globally), those who posess higher self-respect, have better family financial situation and adolescents who have been more successful in their education. Total attitude of the adolescents towards their families is not in connection with the level of their parents education, order of birth or with the number of family members. Results obtained are in accordance with the majority of hypothesis, theoretical basis of the paper and the results of previous researches.

The association between self-esteem and sense of coherence in adolescents aged 13–18 years—The role of sex and age differences

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effects of sex and age differences on sense of coherence as well as the association between self-esteem and sense of coherence in Norwegian adolescents aged 13 to 18years. The moderating roles of sex and age on the relationship between self-esteem and sense of coherence were also investigated. A total of 1239 adolescents from public elementary and secondary schools in mid-Norway participated in the school-based survey study. Results showed that boys scored significantly higher on sense of coherence than girls. Adolescents aged 13 to 14years scored significantly higher on sense of coherence than those aged 15 to 16years. A significant positive association was found between self-esteem and sense of coherence when controlling for sex, age, stress, subjective health complaints, and subjective health. No moderating effect of sex or age was found on the relationship between self-esteem and sense of coherence. These results give support for the positive role self-esteem plays in the sense of coherence in adolescents, when controlled for the relevant covariates stress and subjective health complaints, and this relationship is equally strong for both sexes and across age.

Sense of coherence and the style of interpersonal functioning and coping in adolescence

<b>Background</b><br /> Sense of coherence is widely discussed with respect to adults. The objective of this study was to find experiences (interpersonal relations and coping) forming the sense of coherence in the adolescent period. Another aim was to find a correlation between the kind of experiences resulting from the style of functioning and the kind of strategy of coping with stress.<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> Three hundred and four subjects aged 17-19 took part in the study. The Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, the Coping with Stress Questionnaire and the Scale of Interpersonal Relations were used.<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> The analysis showed that girls are characterized by a lower level of sense of coherence. Sense of coherence is in adolescents statistically significantly associated with the following functional styles: self-effacing-masochistic (F: r = –.50, p < .001/M: r = –.52, p < .001), rebellious-distrustful (F: r = –.46, p < .001/M: r = –.41, p < .001) and emotion-focused strategy (F: r = –.65, p < .001/M: r = –.60, p < .001); in girls: cooperative-overconventional (r = .23, p < .01), aggressive-sadistic (r = –.34, p < .001) and problem-focused strategy (r = .40, p < .001); in boys: managerial-autocratic (r = .47, p < .001). The values of the explained variance in girls and boys are comparable (61%). In this model of explanation of the results, an aggressive-sadistic style is important for girls, but a docile-dependent style is important for boys.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> Sense of coherence in adolescence is significantly determined by the kind of experiences connected with coping with stress and the style of interpersonal functioning.

Association between sense of coherence in adolescence and social benefits later in life: a 12-year follow-up study

ObjectivesLocal government concerns over expenditure on social and healthcare are growing. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between a weak ‘sense of coherence’ (SOC) in...

Osećaj porodične koherentnosti i afektivna vezanost (porodična i partnerska) adolescenata

In accordance with the basic principles of Antonovsky's salutogenic model of health, this research examines the connection between the family sense of coherence as a central source of health and family and partner affective attachment, as a generalized sources of health. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between family sense of coherence in adolescents with: family dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) and partner affective attachment models (model of the self and model of others). The research tasks were: to determine the differences in the intensity of the family sense of coherence relating to family and partner attachment styles (secure, avoidant, preoccupied and fearful); to determine differences in family dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) and partner affective attachment models (model of the self and model of others) relating to gender, age and place of residence of adolescents; to determine the intensity of family sense of coherence and distribution of family and partner attachment styles in adolescents. The study sample consisted of adolescents of both genders (n = 360, 15 to 24 years old, AS = 19.36; SD = 2.55) from Kosovo and Metohija and central Serbia. The survey used the following instruments: Scale for assessing family sense of coherence, Questionnaire for assessment of family affective attachment, Questionnaire for assessing partner affective attachments and Basic socio-demographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, T-test and Analysis of variance were used for data processing. The results of the research showed that adolescents with a secure family affective attachment style (low in anxiety and low in avoidance) and secure partner affective attachment model (positive model of the self and a positive model of others) have a stronger sense of family coherence. When it comes to differences in the intensity of the sense of family coherence in adolescents in relation to affective attachment styles, the survey results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the intensity of the sense of family coherence in adolescents depending on the dominant family affective attachment style, but no difference when it comes to partner affective attachment. The results showed that the sense of family coherence is stronger in adolescents with secure family affective attachment style, compared with adolescents with avoidant and fearful family affective attachment style. It was found that the family sense of coherence is stronger in adolescents with preoccupied family affective attachment style, compared with adolescents with avoidant family affective attachment style. The research also determined differences in dimensions and models of affective attachment in relation to gender, age and place of residence. The obtained results show that: the male adolescents have more prominent avoid­ance (family attachment dimension) compared with the female adolescents; older adolescents (19 to 24 years old) have higher scores on the partner attachment models (on model of the self and others) compared with younger adolescents (15 to 19 years old); anxiety (family attachment dimension) is more prominent in younger adolescents and in adolescents from Kosovo and Metohija, compared with those from central Serbia. The results suggest that adolescents have adequate sources of health (they have a stronger sense of family coherence and predominance of the secure family and partner affective attachment style). The results confirm the hypothesis and are consistent with the results of some previous studies.

Central coherence in adolescents with bulimia nervosa spectrum eating disorders.

Weak central coherence-a tendency to process details at the expense of the gestalt-has been observed among adults with bulimia nervosa (BN) and is a potential candidate endophenotype for eating disorders (EDs). However, as BN behaviors typically onset during adolescence it is important to assess central coherence in this younger age group to determine whether the findings in adults are likely a result of BN or present earlier in the evolution of the disorder. This study examines whether the detail-oriented and fragmented cognitive inefficiency observed among adults with BN is observable among adolescents with shorter illness duration, relative to healthy controls. The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) was administered to a total of 47 adolescents with DSM5 BN, 42 with purging disorder (PD), and 25 healthy controls (HC). Performance on this measure was compared across the three groups. Those with BN and PD demonstrated significantly worse accuracy scores compared to controls in the copy and delayed recall condition with a moderate effect size. These findings were exacerbated when symptoms of BN increased. Poorer accuracy scores reflect a fragmented and piecemeal strategy that interferes with visual-spatial integration in BN spectrum disorders. This cognitive inefficiency likely contributes to broad difficulties in executive functioning in this population especially in the context of worsening bulimic symptoms. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that poor global integration may constitute a cognitive endophenotype for BN.

Neighbourhood Perceptions and Sense of Coherence in Adolescence

The neighbourhood has traditionally been neglected in studies about adolescents' sense of coherence (SOC). The current study represents the first attempt to analyse the associations between neighbourhood assets, neighbourhood risks, and SOC during adolescence. The sample consisted of 7,580 Spanish adolescents aged 13-18 who were selected for the 2009/10 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Spain. The adolescents completed self-report questionnaires that included the SOC-29 scale and separate HBSC scales measuring neighbourhood risks and assets. The results showed that neighbourhood risks were negatively associated with the adolescents' SOC. In contrast, neighbourhood assets, especially relationships with significant adults, were positively associated with the adolescents' SOC. Assets explained 6.5% of the variability in SOC scores after controlling for risks, suggesting that assets may play a significant role, even in neighbourhoods where risks are present. We discuss implications and future research directions.

Socio-demographic and clinical determinants of sense of coherence in adolescents with congenital heart disease

Socio-demographic and clinical determinants of sense of coherence in adolescents with congenital heart disease

Abstract 18290: Sense of Coherence in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Development, Antecedents, and Outcomes

Sense of coherence (SOC), a construct that reflects psychological and behavioral resilience, is found to promote health and quality of life (QOL). The development of a strong SOC in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) can explain the relatively good QOL in afflicted patients. We investigated the development of SOC over time; and tested the hypothesis that developmental classes differ regarding antecedents (sex; age; disease complexity; perceived parenting) and outcomes (QOL; perceived health; depressive symptoms). Methods: We assessed 429 adolescents with CHD (mean age 16y; 53% boys) at three points in time (nine month intervals), recruited at a university hospital. Inclusion criteria were: confirmed CHD; aged 14-18y; last cardiac consult ≤5y ago; and being able to read and write Dutch. Exclusion criteria were: cognitive and/or physical limitations inhibiting filling out questionnaires; and prior heart transplantation. We measured SOC (SOC-13); perceived parenting (subscale of Parental Regulation Scale-Youth Self-Report; Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report; Child Report of Parent Behavior Inventory); QOL (linear analog scale); perceived health (PedsQL); and depressive symptoms (CESD-20). Latent class growth analysis was used to identify developmental classes of SOC. Based on model fit tests, a solution with three classes was selected. Chi-square and multivariate tests were used to examine inter-class differences. Results: Class 1 (33% of the sample) was labeled Consistently High SOC; Class 2 (49%) Intermediate and Decreasing SOC; and Class 3 (18%) Chronically Low SOC. Significantly more boys than girls belonged to class 1. No significant age or disease complexity differences were found at time 1. Perceived parenting is a significant antecendent, with class 1 scoring highest on parental responsiveness and regulation, and class 3 scoring highest on psychological control at time 1. In terms of outcomes, class 1 scored highest on QOL and perceived health and class 3 scored highest on depressive symptoms at time 3. Conclusions: The development of SOC seems to be determined by sex and perceived parenting, and impacts on QOL, perceived health, and depressive symptoms. Enhancing SOC can be an important goal for interventions.

Developmental contexts and sense of coherence in adolescence: A systematic review

The salutogenic model has led to revolutionary changes in the study of health. In recent years, a large amount of research has been carried out on the relationship between sense of coherence and health, but relatively little is known about sense of coherence in adolescence. This study is a systematic review of the studies that looked at sense of coherence in adolescent samples. Valuable information is provided regarding the characteristics of the samples, the reliability of the sense of coherence scale versions, the influence of demographic variables and how family, school, peers and neighbourhood impact sense of coherence development. Furthermore, future directions for the study of sense of coherence in adolescence are provided.

Sense of coherence in adolescents with congenital cardiac disease

This study aimed to identify the influence of illness cognition and background factors on the sense of coherence among junior high school and high school students with congenital cardiac disease. We conducted an examination using the illness cognition scale and sense-of-coherence scale, and verified the reliability and validity of both. Participants were 172 students with congenital cardiac disease and 295 healthy students, who were 12-18 years old. The relationship among sense of coherence, basic and disease-related attributes, and illness cognition in healthy adolescents and those with congenital cardiac disease was investigated. Sense of coherence was higher in boys than in girls and higher in junior high students than in high school students. Adolescents with congenital cardiac disease scored higher for sense of coherence than healthy students. Those who scored lower on the illness cognition scale for "hardships resulting from restrictions and limitations for illness", "the desire to be understood by others", "anxieties about the state of the disease and possibility of death", or "not wanting people to know of one's disease" showed higher sense of coherence than those who had higher scores for these elements.

High sense of coherence in adolescence is a protective factor in the longitudinal development of ADHD symptoms

The key feature of salutogenesis is that good health can be directly sustained by positive factors. The Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale was developed by Antonovsky as a measure related to the concept of salutogenesis including aspects of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The aim was to investigate whether Sense of Coherence can serve as a salutogenetic factor modifying the long-term development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms. Twin study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) is a longitudinal study of all twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. The present project is a sub-sample of 312 individuals (135 boys and 177 girls). At 16 years of age, the young persons and their parents were interviewed with K-SADS especially symptoms of ADHD. The young person also completed the SOC questionnaire. At 21 years of age, the young person completed a questionnaire about symptoms of ADHD. Higher (worse) ADHD scores at 16 years of age were associated with higher (worse) ADHD scores at 21 years of age. However, this relationship was stronger for lower (worse) SOC. A higher (better) SOC at 16 years was associated with lower (better) ADHD at 21 years and this relationship was stronger for higher (worse) ADHD at 16 years. A high Sense of Coherence in adolescence was a protective factor for the long-term development of ADHD.

Early Childhood Psychological Problems Predict a Poor Sense of Coherence in Adolescents

The aim of the present 15-year follow-up was to study the association between childhood psychological symptoms and sense of coherence (SOC) in adolescence. Destructive behaviour at three years, attention problems and thought problems at 12 years, attention problems, anxiety/depression, delinquency and somatic complaints at 15 years predicted a poor SOC at 18 years. Problems reported by adolescents themselves explained a poor SOC much more often than problems reported by parents. The identification of early childhood behavioural problems helps us to identify children at risk of ill-being in adolescence since problems seem to persist unchanged until that period of life.

Stability of the sense of coherence in adolescence

The aim of this prospective study was to explore the stability of sense of coherence (SOC) in adolescents from the age of 15 to 18 years. A prospective population-based follow-up study of 1294 first-born children was started in 1986. When the children were 15 (N = 846) and 18 (N = 792) years old, SOC was measured using questionnaires filled out at home. The mean change in SOC scores (0.10, SD 10.2; in percentages 1.98%, SD 18.4) in the whole sample between the ages of 15 and 18 years was negligible and non-significant (p = .788). At the individual level, some changes were seen in the scores. The SOC scores of boys at the ages of 15 and 18 years were significantly higher than those of girls (mean 65.4 vs. 60.8 and 65.4 vs. 61.7, respectively). The SOC scores of adolescents living with both parents were higher than those with one parent or other guardian (mean 64.5 vs. 59.9), and the difference was significant in both age groups (p < .001). Contrary to assumptions made in Antonovsky's theory, we found no significant change in SOC between the ages of 15 to 18 years, and coherence stability did not depend on the initial SOC. Some fluctuation in SOC scores was seen at the individual level. For planning of interventions, it is important to know that SOC seems to be reasonably stabilized before the age of 15 years.