Cognitive Style Perspective Research Articles

An Investigation of the Impacts of Digital Entertaining English Logic Learning: Holists vs. Serialists

High-quality academic writing should be presented with clear logical connections. However, it may be too challenging for some students so they may be demotivated. On the other hand, serious games provide students with fun and engagement so their motivation can be enhanced. Thus, this study developed a serious game, which was named as a Digital Entertaining English Logic Learning (D-[EL]2). Students could learn how to present academic writing with clear logical connections in the D-[EL]2 context. Additionally, an empirical study was conducted to investigate students’ reactions to the D-[EL]2 from a cognitive style perspective, in terms of test performance, task performance and task behavior. Regarding test performance, Holists significantly obtained better pre-test scores than Serialists but Serialists’ gaining scores were significantly higher than those of Holists. Accordingly, no significant difference was found for their post-test scores. Regarding task performance, no significant difference existed between Serialists and Holists. Regarding task behavior, Serialists more frequently used the location hint and keyword hint than Holists. Additionally, Serialists used the notebook for multiple purposes whereas Holists used it for a single purpose. Based on these findings, we proposed a framework, which can be applied to personalize the D-[EL]2 in the future so that the preferences and requirements of diverse learners can be satisfied.

An Analysis of Students’ Errors in Completing Essay HOTS Questions Based On Watson's Criteria Viewed From The Cognitive Style Perspective

This study aimed to determine the students’ errors classified as Field Independent (FI) and Field Dependent (FD) in solving essay HOTS questions based on Watson criteria and to find out the causes of errors experienced by FI and FD types of students in finishing those questions. This was qualitative research which implemented the case study method. This research was carried out at Junior High School 3 Kepanjen Malang of 2019/2020 academic year. Research subjects were determined based on The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) test results. From the test, two students were selected from each type of cognitive style. The applied data collection included tests and interviews. The qualitative data analysis applied four stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion, and verification. The results showed that FI students experienced errors in manipulating calculation, false conclusions, incorrect use of mathematical formulas, and false calculation. On the other hand, FD students had errors in mathematical operation signs, erroneous formula writing, irresponsive to problems, errors of manipulating calculation, and not writing mathematical formulas.

The match and mismatch between providers and customers in accommodation sharing: a cognitive style perspective

PurposeThe peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation-sharing market has developed rapidly on the strength of information technology in recent years. Matching providers and customers in an information technology (IT)-enabled platform is a key determinant of both parties' experiences and the healthy development of the platform. However, previous research has not sufficiently explained the mechanism of provider–customer matching in accommodation sharing, especially at the psychological level. Based on field cognitive style theory, this study examines how the match and mismatch affect customers' online and offline satisfaction and whether a significant difference exists between online and offline satisfaction under different matching patterns.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the proposed theoretical model using 122 provider–customer dyad data collected through a field study.FindingsThe results suggest that customers' online and offline satisfaction under match is significantly higher than that under mismatch. In addition, customers' online satisfaction is significantly higher than their offline satisfaction under mismatch, but there is no significant difference between the two under match. The perceived price fairness also plays a moderating role in the case of mismatch.Originality/valueIn summary, these findings provide a novel understanding about the matching patterns and their outcomes in the accommodation-sharing context and expand the contents and applications of field cognitive style theory and matching theory. This study will help these IT-enabled platforms to provide personalized matching services at the psychological level, thereby enhancing user experience and corporate competitiveness. 10; 10;

CogniPGA: Longitudinal Evaluation of Picture Gesture Authentication with Cognition-Based Intervention

Abstract There is evidence that the visual behavior of users when creating graphical passwords affects the password strength. Adopting a cognitive style perspective in the interpretation of the results of recent studies revealed that users, depending on their cognitive style, follow different visual exploration paths when creating graphical passwords which affected the password strength. To take advantage of the inherent abilities of people, we proposed CogniPGA, a cued-recall graphical authentication scheme where a cognition-based intervention using gaze data is applied. This paper presents the longitudinal evaluation of the proposed scheme in terms of security, memorability, and usability from a cognitive style perspective. Results strengthen the assumptions that understanding and using the inherent cognitive characteristics of users could enable the design of user-first authentication schemes, where no compromises need to be made on security for benefiting usability or the other way around.

The impacts of scaffolding e-assessment English learning: a cognitive style perspective

We developed the Scaffolding English E-assessment Learning (SEEL), where instant feedback and scaffolding hints were provided, to facilitate students to acquire the knowledge of English grammar. On the other hand, an empirical study was conducted to investigate how cognitive styles (i.e. Holists vs. Serialists) affected learners’ reactions to the SEEL, including learning performance, learning perception and learning behavior. The results indicated that Holists and Serialists demonstrated similar learning perception. Nevertheless, they showed different learning behavior, which corresponded to the characteristics of their cognitive styles. Additionally, Holists obtained better post-test scores and gain scores than Serialists. This might be because Holists could make the best use of various hints and benefit from feedback provided by the SEEL while Serialists needed additional support. The findings could provide guidance for incorporating personalization into the SEEL so that the needs and preferences of Holists and Serialists could be accommodated. Nevertheless, such findings are correlational in nature and, we, thus, leave open questions concerning causality. Implications for instructional design are also discussed in this study.

The Effects of Background Music on Game-Based Learning: A Cognitive Style Approach

Game-based learning is popular with learners because it includes various game elements. Among various game elements, background music may have great effects, which may be associated with the preferences of information processing. On the other hand, cognitive styles pertain to the ways of information processing. In this vein, we conducted two empirical studies to investigate the influences of background music provided by game-based learning from a cognitive style perspective. The results from Study One revealed that background music might not be appreciated by Serialists while background music had no effects on Holists’ information processing. However, the results from Study Two suggested that Holists could benefit from mismatching background music while matching/mismatching had no effects on Serialists’ information processing. In other words, cognitive styles affect learners’ reactions to background music. Based on the results of the aforementioned two studies, implications in theoretical and methodological aspects for further research are also discussed.

The profile of students’ metacognition in solving analytic geometry: Gender and cognitive style perspective

[English]: This case study aimed to describe the metacognition of male students in solving analytical geometry problems referring to cognitive style. The subjects were mathematics students who enrolled in Analytic Geometry course and selected by purposive sampling technique. The instrument of this research was the researcher as the main instrument and a problem-solving test as the supporting instrument. Data were collected using a think-aloud method and analyzed through three steps: reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that at the stage of understanding the problem, FI and FD male students read questions silently and did not write what is known and asked in the problem. At the planning stage, FD male student drew elements that are fully known, while male FI students did not do so. At the stage of implementing the plan, FI male student was aware of less effective strategy, while FD male students did not. In re-checking phase, FI male student used a variety of strategies and checked whether or not the results meet the criteria of solving the problem, while FD male students used a variety of strategies but are assisted with a prompt. This study shows that FI and FD male students have similar metacognition profile at the stage of understanding the problem, but they are different in planning, doing the plan and re-checking the result of problem-solving.
 Keywords : Metacognition, Gender, Analytic geometry, Cognitive style, Problem-solving
 [Bahasa]: Peneltian studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan metakognisi mahasiswa laki-laki dalam memecahkan masalah geometri analitik ditinjau dari gaya kognitif. Subjek penelitianadalah mahasiswa matematika yang mengambil mata kuliah Geometri Analitik dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian meliputi instrumen utama (peneliti) dan instrumen bantu (soal pemecahan masalah geometri analitik). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode think aloud. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap memahami masalah, mahasiswa laki-laki FI dan FD membaca soal dalam hati serta tidak menuliskan yang diketahui dan ditanyakan. Pada tahap menyusun rencana, mahasiswa laki-laki FD menggambar unsur-unsur yang diketahui secara lengkap, sedangkan mahasiswa laki-laki FI tidak melakukannya. Pada tahap melaksanakan rencana, mahasiswa laki-laki FI menyadari terdapat strategi yang kurang efektif, sedangkan mahasiswa laki-laki FD tidak melakukannya. Pada tahap mengecek kembali, mahasiswa laki-laki FI menggunakan strategi bervariasi dan mengecek apakah hasil yang diperoleh memenuhi kriteria yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah, sedangkan mahasiswa laki-laki FD menggunakan strategi yang bervariasi tetapi dibantu dengan pertanyaan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa laki-laki FI dan FD memiliki profil metakognisi yang sama pada tahap memahami masalah namun berbeda pada menyusun rencana, melaksanakan rencana dan mengecek kembali hasil pemecahan masalah.
 Kata kunci: Metakognisi, Gender, Geometri analitik, Gaya kognitif, Pemecahan masalah

Breaking the Wall Between Business and Design—Becoming a Hedgefox

To succeed in today's disruptive world, organizations and leaders must constantly reevaluate their strategies and innovate. One source of innovation that receives growing attention and investment is design. The rising presence of design in the business environment creates interesting leadership challenges and opportunities. To overcome these challenges and seize the opportunities, it is important that organizations and leaders obtain a deep understanding about the different nature of business and design. This article highlights some of the key differences between business and design and suggests that these differences transcend any specific tools or processes. In fact, it argues that one explanation for these differences could be rooted in the concept of “cognitive style.” Investigating business and design as two cognitive styles provides an opportunity for organizations and leaders to borrow insights and tools from cognitive style research and apply them in the context of business and design integration. This research contributes to the growing discussion about business and design integration by focusing on and drawing parallels to the renowned Hedgehog and Fox Cognitive Style Theory. More specifically, by adopting a HedgeFox Scale, this article aims to provide an instrument to assess one's ability to understand and relate to business and/or design, from a cognitive style perspective, as a catalyst for innovation.

Effects of Cognitive Styles on Web-Based Learning: Desktop Computers Versus Mobile Devices

Mobile devices (MDs) change the way of teaching and learning. However, not every student can appreciate the value of MDs. Thus, it is necessary to consider individual differences. Among various individual differences, cognitive styles particularly affect student learning because they refer to individuals’ information processing habits. In this vein, this study aimed to compare the effects of desktop computers (DCs) and MDs on student learning from a cognitive style perspective. The results demonstrated that students in the MD scenario showed more positive reactions than those in the DC scenario. Students in the MD scenario generally performed better than those in the DC scenario. In addition, Holists and Serialists performed differently in the DC scenario, while they demonstrated similar performance in the MD scenario. However, they spent a similar amount of time for completing the tasks, regardless of the DC scenario and MD scenario.

Incorporating customization and personalization into game-based learning: A cognitive style perspective

In recent years, customization and personalization were widely applied to accommodate the needs of different cognitive style groups. Such two approaches have different advantages and disadvantages but there is a lack of studies to compare these two approaches from the perspective of game-based learning, which is currently popular in educational settings. To this end, we developed a customized game-based learning system and a personalized game-based learning system and conducted two empirical studies to examine how cognitive styles affected learner's reactions to these two game-based learning systems. The results from the customized game-based learning system showed that Holists might not always favor to listen to music because they frequently switched on/off music. On the other hand, Serialists did not prefer to use hints. In addition, learners with the customized game-based learning system had more positive perceptions while learners with the personalized game-based learning system had more negative perceptions though both systems were useful to enhance learners' learning performance, regardless of their cognitive styles.

A Cognitive Style Perspective to Handheld Devices: Customization vs. Personalization

<p>Handheld devices are widely applied to support open and distributed learning, where students are diverse. On the other hand, customization and personalization can be applied to accommodate students’ diversities. However, paucity of research compares the effects of customization and personalization in the context of handheld devices. To this end, we developed a customized digital learning system (CDLS) and personalized digital learning system (PDLS), which were implemented on the handheld devices and tailored to the needs of students with diverse cognitive styles. Furthermore, we conducted two empirical studies to examine the effects of cognitive styles on the use of the CDLS and PDLS. More specifically, Study 1 identified the preferences of each cognitive style group, which were employed to develop the PDLS in Study 2, which investigated how students with different cognitive styles react to the CDLS and the PDLS. The results from these two studies showed that student in the CDLS and those in the PDLS obtained similar task scores and post-test scores. However, Serialists with the PDLS could more efficiently complete the tasks than those with CDLS. Additionally, Holists more positively perceived the PDLS than Serialists.</p>

Growth intentions among research scientists: A cognitive style perspective

Although academic entrepreneurship has taken place in some U.S. universities for many decades, it is only over the past few decades that there has been an increased interest by universities worldwide to engage in their third mission related to entrepreneurship and economic development. Recently, researchers studying academic entrepreneurship have increasingly focused on understanding research scientists׳ entrepreneurial intentions. It has however also been acknowledged that, next to understanding entrepreneurial intentions, it is important to generate insights into growth intentions. This is because growth is unlikely to be achieved if no growth intention exists. Taking a cognition and self-efficacy perspective, our study explores how cognitive styles are associated with growth intentions within a group of research scientists having entrepreneurial intentions. Our study indicates that a planning cognitive style promotes while a knowing cognitive style curbs growth intentions. Further, working experience mitigates the negative impact of a knowing style on growth intentions. Our research has practical implications and implications for technology management, academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions literatures.

Human resource development of non-commissioned officers in the army; a cognitive style perspective?

This article considers the assessed performances of non-commissioned officers in aprogramme perceived as an important career enhancing activity for British military personnel. We introduce the idea of cognitive style as an important individual difference affecting performance on programmes of training and development and the implications for career progression. The research methodology adopted involved mixed methods as an alternative way of ‘seeing’, ‘researching’ and ‘theorising’ human resources development in this context. The research drew upon a mix of data from course participants and organizers, and it comprised cognitive style testing, within course assessment data and notes recorded during field observation. The results revealed relationships between the factors associated with ‘styles’, ‘assessed learning performance’ and ‘course experience’. Key perspectives on the experiences of training in terms of success and strategic direction were also identified. The study provides a deeper understanding of career-development processes in the military organization, considers the implications in which knowledge of an individual's style may have for the individual and course organizers and imports new theoretical frameworks into the study of human resource development.

Evaluation of a personalized digital library based on cognitive styles: Adaptivity vs. adaptability

Personalization can be addressed by adaptability and adaptivity, which have different advantages and disadvantages. This study investigates how digital library (DL) users react to these two techniques. More specifically, we develop a personalized DL to suit the needs of different cognitive styles based on the findings of our previous work [Frias-Martinez, E., Chen, S. Y., & Liu, X. (2008) Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users: A cognitive style perspective. International Journal of Information Management]. The personalized DL includes two versions: adaptive version and adaptable version. The results showed that users not only performed better in the adaptive version, but also they perceived more positively to the adaptive version. In addition, cognitive styles have great effects on users’ responses to adaptability and adaptivity. These results provide guidance for designers to select suitable techniques to develop personalized DLs.

Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users: A cognitive style perspective

Cognitive style is an influential factor in users’ information seeking. The study presented in this paper examines how users’ cognitive styles affect their behavior and perception in digital libraries. Fifty participants took part in this study. Two dimensions of cognitive styles were considered: (a) Field Dependence/Independence; (2) Verbalizer/Imager. The results showed that Intermediate users and Verbalizers have not only more positive perception, but they also complete the tasks in effective ways. Implications for the design of personalized digital libraries are also discussed.