Cognitive P300 Research Articles

Cognitive P300 Potential in Retired Sportsmen with a Career in Contact Sports

Summary Eleven retired sportsmen, who had a career in contact sports (three boxers, four footballers, four wrestlers) and one cyclist with a history of several falls from a bicycle and had been diagnosed with a cerebrovascular trauma, were investigated with auditory cognitive P300. The age range was aged between 26 and 63 years. Ten out of the twelve presented cognitive wave latency between 512 msec and 928 msec. This finding made us conclude that repetitive minor head injuries (mHI) that they inevitably had experienced during their carrier has led to cognitive problems in older age.

Cognitive Event-Related Potentials (P300) and Cognitive Impairment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressing disorder characterized by muscle wasting and weakness due to the absence or alteration of the function of dystrophin that protects muscle cells from mechanical stress induced by a movement during contraction. The function of dystrophin isoforms expressed in the brain is not fully understood, but the presence of non-progressing cognitive impairment (including disorders of learning and memory) is a common feature in patients with DMD. To establish correlation between the cognitive event-related potential P300 and psychological evaluation with an intelligence test based on the Stanford Binet Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in patients with DMD and a control group, the respective tests were performed in 31 patients with DMD and 30 controls. The mean age of the group with DMD was 9.35 ± 2.88 years, while that in control children was 9.43 ± 2.69 years (P = 0.89). The IQ was 90.77 ± 12.62 in the DMD group and 106.77 ± 9.62 in the controls (P < 0.0001). The amplitude of the cognitive potential P300 in leads Fz, Cz, and Pz showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Thus, parameters of the P300 potential and cognitive assessment showed nearly no relationship in patients with DMD vs. controls.

Contribution of auditory P300 test to the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Abnormalities in auditory P300 test have been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to investigate whether or not additional electrophysiological tests assist in making the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI), and we evaluated P300 changes in patients with non-demented PD and analyzed the correlation between the cognitive features and P300 changes. Twenty patients with PD who had been diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI group) according to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) 2012 PD-MCI level II criteria, 21 patients with PD without cognitive impairment (PD-Normal group), and 20 control subjects (control group) who were neurologically normal were examined by the standard auditory oddball paradigm. The N100, P200, N200, and P300 latencies and N100-P200, P200-N200, and N200-P300 amplitudes were measured and analyzed. P300 latencies recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz and N200 latency recorded from Fz were significantly longer in the PD-MCI group than in the PD-Normal and the control group (respectively p<0.001, p=0.041). P300 amplitude recorded from Fz was significantly lower in PD-MCI group than those in the other groups (p=0.038). While P300 was obtained in all patients in the PD-Normal and the control group, it was lost in 35% of PD-MCI patients. The results show that P300 provides a diagnostic tool for detecting PDMCI. We suggest that P300 prolongation and loss of P300 potential could be used as supportive parameter in the diagnosis of PD-MCI.

Cognitive Event-Related Potentials during the Sub-Acute Phase of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Relationship to Outcome.

Predicting outcome in the early phase after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a major clinical challenge, particularly identifying patients with potential for good cognitive outcome. The current single-center prospective study aimed to explore presence and normalization of electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potentials (ERPs) in the early phase followings TBI, and their relationship to functional and cognitive outcome 6 months post-injury. Fourteen adult patients (eight males) with sTBI were recruited from the neurointensive care unit (mean age = 38.2 years [standard deviation (SD) = 14.7]; mean lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within first 24 h = 5.4, SD = 1.87). EEG recordings were conducted biweekly at three time-points applying an ERP paradigm encompassing a passive condition involving hearing their own name randomly interspersed between an unfamiliar name (UN), and an active condition with instruction to count their own name. Functional and cognitive outcome 6 months post-injury was measured with Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) and neuropsychological tests of attention and memory. Ten patients demonstrated a significantly enhanced cognitive P3 in the active counting task compared with passive listening across recordings, and six presented with normalization of P3 in the counting task. Moreover, P3 amplitude to the counting task at the third time-point was positively correlated with both functional outcome (GOSE) and cognition (verbal learning, attentional set-shifting, and switching) 6 months post-injury. ERP can index cognitive capacities in the early phase following sTBI, and the cognitive P3 component in an active design is associated with functional and cognitive outcome, demonstrating that the cognitive P3 may yield valuable information of residual cognition and provide supplementary prognostic information.

Cognitive impairment in Chinese IIDDs revealed by MoCA and P300

To investigate the value of MoCA and auditory P300 as a cognitive assessment tool in chinese idiopathic inflammatory-demyelinating diseases (IIDDs), eighty three consecutive patients with IIDDs and thirteen sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited in the study. MMSE, MoCA and auditory P300 potential were administrated to each participant. The percentage of cognitive impairment in IIDDs patients was 24.1% by using MMSE, while the percentage was 81.9% by using MoCA. The majority of IIDDs participants had MMSE scores in the normal range. In contrast, few IIDDs participants scored in the normal range on the MoCA. Age, EDSS and depression correlated negatively with the total score of MoCA and MMSE. Years of education correlated positively with MoCA and MMSE. ADEM patients scored lower on all MoCA subtests. Prolonged latency P300 which negatively correlated with MoCA and reduced P300 amplitude which positively correlated with MoCA were detected in IIDDs patients. Thus MoCA is superior to the MMSE as a cognitive impairment scan tool and P300 is useful for detecting cogntive deficiency in chinese IIDDs.

Long-term test-retest reliability of event-related potential (ERP) recordings during treadmill walking using the mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach

Advancements in acquisition technology and signal-processing techniques have spurred numerous recent investigations on the electro-cortical signals generated during whole-body motion. This approach, termed Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI), has the potential to elucidate the neural correlates of perceptual and cognitive processes during real-life activities, such as locomotion. However, as of yet, no one has assessed the long-term stability of event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under these conditions. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of cognitive ERPs recorded while walking. High-density EEG was acquired from 12 young adults on two occasions, separated by an average of 2.3years, as they performed a Go/No-Go response inhibition paradigm. During each testing session, participants performed the task while walking on a treadmill and seated. Using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as a measure of agreement, we focused on two well-established neurophysiological correlates of cognitive control, the N2 and P3 ERPs. Following ICA-based artifact rejection, the earlier N2 yielded good to excellent levels of reliability for both amplitude and latency, while measurements for the later P3 component were generally less robust but still indicative of adequate to good levels of stability. Interestingly, the N2 was more consistent between walking sessions, compared to sitting, for both hits and correct rejection trials. In contrast, the P3 waveform tended to have a higher degree of consistency during sitting conditions. Overall, these results suggest that the electro-cortical signals obtained during active walking are representative of stable indices of neurophysiological function.

Cognitive profile in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cognitive status in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods40 patients with bronchial asthma, 40 patients with COPD and 20 healthy subjects (control) were included in the study. Comparison was done between the three groups in both Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and P300 latency. Also, correlation between these scores and patient characteristic parameters were evaluated. ResultsThere was a significant prolongation in P300 latency (P<0.04) and reduced MoCA scores in COPD group compared to asthma group (P<0.002). 34/40 COPD patients had prolongation of P300 latency and reduced MoCA scores. However, 20/40 asthma patients had prolongation of P300 latency and 24/40 asthma patients had reduced MoCA scores. P300 latency correlated significantly with age (r=0.423, P<0.007), duration of disease(r=0.622, P<0.0001) PaO2 (r=−0.490, P<0.001), SaO2 (r=−0.496, P<0.003) and degree of the disease (FEV1/FVC) (r=−0.353, P<0.026) in COPD group. MoCA score was significantly correlated with WBC (r=0.45) in COPD group and with BMI (r=0.236, P<0.05) in asthma group. There was no correlation between P300 latency and patients’ characteristics in asthma group (P>0.05). ConclusionsCOPD significantly decreased the cognitive status compared to bronchial asthma. Longer latency of P300 appears to be an expected sequel of COPD. MoCA abnormalities were comparable to P300 abnormalities in COPD and asthma patients.

Cognitive MMN and P300 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A high density EEG-3D vector field tomography approach

Precise preclinical detection of dementia for effective treatment and stage monitoring is of great importance. Miscellaneous types of biomarkers, e.g., biochemical, genetic, neuroimaging, and physiological, have been proposed to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD), the usual suspect behind manifested cognitive decline, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a neuropathology prior to AD that does not affect cognitive functions. Event related potential (ERP) methods constitute a non-invasive, inexpensive means of analysis and have been proposed as sensitive biomarkers of cognitive impairment; besides, various ERP components are strongly linked with working memory, attention, sensory processing and motor responses. In this study, an auditory oddball task is employed, to acquire high density electroencephalograhy recordings from healthy elderly controls, MCI and AD patients. The mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 ERP components are then extracted and their relationship with neurodegeneration is examined. Then, the neural activation at these components is reconstructed using the 3D vector field tomography (3D-VFT) inverse solution. The results reveal a decline of both ERPs amplitude, and a statistically significant prolongation of their latency as cognitive impairment advances. For the MMN, higher brain activation is usually localized in the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri in the controls. However, in AD, parietal sites exhibit strong activity. Stronger P300 generators are mostly found in the frontal lobe for the controls, but in AD they often shift to the temporal lobe. Reduction in inferior frontal source strength and the switch of the maximum intensity area to parietal and superior temporal sites suggest that these areas, especially the former, are of particular significance when neurodegenerative disorders are investigated. The modulation of MMN and P300 can serve to produce biomarkers of dementia and its progression, and brain imaging can further contribute to the diagnostic efficiency of ERPs.

Auditory evoked potential P300 in adults: reference values.

ABSTRACTObjective To establish reference intervals for cognitive potential P300 latency using tone burst stimuli.Methods This study involved 28 participants aged between 18 and 59 years. P300 recordings were performed using a two-channel device (Masbe, Contronic). Electrode placement was as follows: Fpz (ground electrode), Cz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes). Intensity corresponded to 80 dB HL and frequent and rare stimulus frequencies to 1,000Hz and 2,000Hz, respectively. Stimuli were delivered binaurally.Results Mean age of participants was 35 years. Average P300 latency was 305ms.Conclusion Maximum acceptable P300 latency values of 362.5ms (305 + 2SD 28.75) were determined for adults aged 18 to 59 years using the protocol described.

Cognitive Impairment and P300 Changes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P2.148)

Cognitive Impairment and P300 Changes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (P2.148)

P300 and neuropsychological measurements in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy biological siblings.

Background:Patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives' exhibit abnormalities in neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures especially P300. The aim was to study the P300 and neuropsychological measures together in patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings, and normal controls.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients diagnosed as schizophrenia, their unaffected biological siblings, and normal controls were included in the study. Inpatient group, the severity of symptoms was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. All subjects were administered P300 event-related potential, which was measured using oddball paradigm and specific neuropsychological tests from NIMHANS neuropsychiatry battery.Results:Both patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected biological siblings showed lower P300 amplitude and longer P300 latency when compared with the normal controls. The three groups showed statistically significant differences in digit symbol substitution test, digit vigilance test, Trail making test B and Stroop test (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected biological siblings show deficits in both cognitive function tests and P300 event-related potential. Our results suggest a continuum in the electrophysiological and neuropsychological measures among the three groups.

Cognitive evoked potentials P300 after radiation exposure

The study was aimed at evaluating features of brain information processes and cognitive functioning in the remote period after irradiation due to the Chornobyl accident by using cognitive evoked potentials P300. The study included 128 people, 112 male Chornobyl clean up workers in 1986-1987 with the records of radiation doses available in Clinical and Epidemiological Registry (CER) of State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) (study group) and 16 unexposed persons due to the Chornobyl disaster (control group). At the time of the survey the average age of clean up workers (M ± SD) was (57.3 ± 5.9) years, range 44-65 years, and of unex posed persons was (57.3 ± 6.5) years, range 44-65 years. Radiation doses were within the range 0.0002-1.23 Gy, with the arithmetic mean dose (M ± SD) of (0.2 ± 0.2) Gy and the geometric mean dose of 0.1 Gy. The radiocerebral effect in the projection of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) proportionally to the radiation dose with the possible threshold of 0.05 Gy of total irradiation was revealed, with increasing radiation dose cognitive component P300 amplitude reduces and its latency period (LP) increases, espe cially at doses > 0.3-0.5 Gy. At doses > 0.5 Gy the functional relationship with the radiation dose for LP P300 increase in the projection of Wernicke's area (r = 0.9; p = 0.027) has been found. The neurophysiological features detected are fully consistent with hypotheses both on radiosensitiv ity of human central nervous system and accelerated aging of the brain under the influence of small doses of ioniz ing radiation, and have questioned the feasibility of long term manned space flights (including Mars) until the development of adequate radiation hygiene standardization for space crews and invention of means for radiation protection of space flights. Further dynamic clinical and neurophysiological monitoring of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation is necessary. To identify the neurophysiological biological markers of ionizing radiation further international researches with adequate dosimetry support are needed.

Event-Related Potentials in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Visual Hallucination.

Using neuropsychological investigation and visual event-related potentials (ERPs), we aimed to compare the ERPs and cognitive function of nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without visual hallucinations (VHs) and of control subjects. We recruited 12 PD patients with VHs (PD-H), 23 PD patients without VHs (PD-NH), and 18 age-matched controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and visual ERPs measurement. A visual odd-ball paradigm with two different fixed interstimulus intervals (ISI) (1600 ms and 5000 ms) elicited visual ERPs. The frontal test battery was used to assess attention, visual-spatial function, verbal fluency, memory, higher executive function, and motor programming. The PD-H patients had significant cognitive dysfunction in several domains, compared to the PD-NH patients and controls. The mean P3 latency with ISI of 1600 ms in PD-H patients was significantly longer than that in controls. Logistic regression disclosed UPDRS-on score and P3 latency as significant predictors of VH. Our findings suggest that nondemented PD-H patients have worse cognitive function and P3 measurements. The development of VHs in nondemented PD patients might be implicated in executive dysfunction with altered visual information processing.

Working memory compromise in sleep apnea syndrome and the impact on the cognitive potential p300

Working memory compromise in sleep apnea syndrome and the impact on the cognitive potential p300

The study of cognitive evoked potentials (P 300) in boxers with repeated traumatic brain injury

Objective. The purpose is to justify the possibility of early detection of cognitive impairment (CI) in boxers with repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI) through the study of cognitive evoked potentials (CEP). Materials and methods. We examined 52 amateur boxers aged 16 to 31 years, who had had repeated mild TBI. The control group consisted of 30 healthy patients of similar age. Held: clinical and neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, ultrasonography (USG) of the vessels of the head and neck, computed electroencephalography (CEEG), neuropsychological testing (NPT), registration CEP P300. Results. The latent period (LP) cognitive complex P300 in the normal range occurred in boxers in 55.77% of observations, while in the control group in 86,67%. The amplitude of the cognitive complex P300 in representatives of the main group was in the normal range in 61,54%, the representatives of the control group - 90.00%. Change the settings of CEP representatives of the core group met more frequently among boxers-men over 26 years, heavyweights and those who had more than 200 fights. The data obtained evidence of decreased cognitive function and memory. Assessing the severity of CI in boxers can say that in all the cases had minor violations. Conclusions. The study CEP can be used even in the preclinical stages of CI for early diagnosis and quality control of regenerative processes and evaluate the effectiveness of corrective actions.

Differential modulation of the N2 and P3 event-related potentials by response conflict and inhibition

Background: Developing reliable and specific neural markers of cognitive processes is essential to improve understanding of healthy and atypical brain function. Despite extensive research there remains uncertainty as to whether two electrophysiological markers of cognitive control, the N2 and P3, are better conceptualised as markers of response inhibition or response conflict. The present study aimed to directly compare the effects of response inhibition and response conflict on the N2 and P3 event-related potentials, within-subjects. Method: A novel hybrid go/no-go flanker task was performed by 19 healthy adults aged 18–25years while EEG data were collected. The response congruence of a central target stimulus and 4 flanking stimuli was manipulated between trials to vary the degree of response conflict. Response inhibition was required on a proportion of trials. N2 amplitude was measured at two frontal electrode sites; P3 amplitude was measured at 4 midline electrode sites. Results: N2 amplitude was greater on incongruent than congruent trials but was not enhanced by response inhibition when the stimulus array was congruent. P3 amplitude was greater on trials requiring response inhibition; this effect was more pronounced at frontal electrodes. P3 amplitude was also enhanced on incongruent compared with congruent trials. Discussion: The findings support a role for N2 amplitude as a marker of response conflict and for the frontal shift of the P3 as a marker of response inhibition. This paradigm could be applied to clinical groups to help clarify the precise nature of impaired action control in disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).

55. Is nucleus subthalamicus involved in thinking? Separation of conscious and subconscious cognition component in the subthalamic nucleus using P300 and MMN protocols

Introduction P300 wave is considered a correlate of cognitive process and an oddball paradigm is used for its recording. MMN (Mismatch negativity) is considered a correlation of automatic sensory memory on a subconscious level and also a reflection of subconscious primitive sensory intelligence. When the MMN is recorded the same protocol as P300 paradigm is used, only with the difference that the proband pays no attention to the stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare evoked potentials from the P300 paradigm against MMN paradigm, both recorded in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and thus electrophysiologically isolate conscious cognition component in this structure. Methods We included 3 patients (2 of whom were women) with Parkinson‘s disease and recorded the evoked potentials using protocols P300 and MMN during installation of DBS (Deep brain stimulation). The average age of the patients was 59 ± 8 years, disease duration 9 ± 3 years. The electrodes were implanted into the STN bilaterally and each wore four contacts on the left and on the right side (L1,2,3,4 and R1,2,3,4). We were interested in local potentials – in signal from the connection of contacts to each other on one intracerebral electrode (on each side 3 bipolar montages were monitored: L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, R1-2, R2-3, R3-4). We were interested in the latency of 200–400 ms - thus in the area of cognitive responses P300. Results When the averaged signal of infrequent stimuli between P300 and MMN paradigm was compared a significant difference between them in each left and right electrode at least in one montage was found. The same we found when comparing averaged frequent answers. There was also a statistically significant difference between the evoked potentials obtained during P300 paradigm and MMN paradigm. Conclusion and discussion The difference between evoked potentials of MMN and P300 protocols in latency of 200–400 ms suggests that STN is involved in conscious cognitive processes at the time of stimuli application. Thus the thinking – at a given time – is not a function of the brain cortex only. What component of the cognitive processes STN does represent cannot be exactly specified. Although oddball paradigm is very simple, during this paradigm the patient uses a variety of cognitive functions – attention, executive function, working memory, calculation and proper level of motivation is necessary too.

The relationship between the parameters of cognitive potential P300 and emotional/affective state of patients with chronic pain

To study emotional state and parameters of cognitive evoked potentials (P300) to target emotional stimuli in patients with chronic back pain. A study included 62 patients. Trait and state anxiety was measured using the Spilberger-Khanin questionnaire. Cognitive evoked potentials were investigated. The changes in parameters and topographic distribution of cognitive evoked potentials to target emotional stimuli in patients with chronic back pain with different emotional/affective states were identified. Recording of P300 elicited by emotional stimuli allows to evaluate the characteristics of chronification of pain syndromes.

Effects of occupational therapy on the cognitive function and event-related potentials of patients with acute cerebral infraction

Objective To explore the effect of occupational therapy on the cognitive function and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) of patients with acute cerebral infraction.Methods Ninety-eight acute cerebral infarction patients with cognitive impairment were selected using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE).They were randomly divided into an observation group (n =49) who received occupational therapy plus routine rehabilitation treatment and a control group (n =49) who received only the routine rehabilitation treatment.Before and after 8 weeks of treatment,the patients' cognitive function and their ability in the activities of daily living(ADL) were evaluated using the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and the modified Barthel index (MBI),respectively.P300 ERPs were also detected.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to various scores before the treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the LOTCA and MBI scores and the latency and amplitude of ERPs were significantly better than those before treatment in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the scores of LOTCA (99.4 ± 8.4),MBI (80.7 ± 5.9) and the latency and amplitude of ERPs [(373.45 ± 52.13) ms and (5.87 ± 2.63) μV,respectively] were significantly better than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Occupational therapy program based on conventional rehabilitation training can promote the ADL ability and cognitive function of patients with acute cerebral infraction.It is worth applying in clinical practice. Key words: Occupational therapy; Cerebral infraction; Cognitive impairment; Event-related potential

Minimized extracorporeal circulation does not impair cognitive brain function after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective evaluation of the impact of minimized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) on perioperative cognitive brain function in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by electroencephalogram P300 wave event-related potentials and number connection test (NCT) as metrics of cognitive function. Cognitive brain function was assessed in 31 patients in 2013 with a mean age of 65 years [standard deviation (SD) 10] undergoing CABG by the use of MECC with P300 auditory evoked potentials (peak latencies in milliseconds) directly prior to intervention, 7 days after and 3 months later. Number connection test, serving as method of control, was performed simultaneously in all patients. Seven days following CABG, cognitive P300 evoked potentials were comparable with preoperative baseline values [vertex (Cz) 376 (SD 11) ms vs 378 (18) ms, P = 0.39; frontal (Fz) 377 (11) vs 379 (21) ms, P = 0.53]. Cognitive brain function at 3 months was compared with baseline values [(Cz) 376 (11) ms vs 371 (14 ms) P = 0.09; (Fz) 377 (11) ms vs 371 (15) ms, P = 0.04]. Between the first postoperative measurement and 3 months later, significant improvement was observed [(Cz) 378 (18) ms vs 371 (14) ms, P = 0.03; (Fz) 379 (21) vs 371 (15) ms, P = 0.02]. Similar clearly corresponding patterns could be obtained via the number connection test. Results could be confirmed in repeated measures analysis of variance for Cz (P = 0.05) and (Fz) results (P = 0.04). MECC does not adversely affect cognitive brain function after CABG. Additionally, these patients experience a substantial significant cognitive improvement after 3 months, evidentiary proving that the concept of MECC ensures safety and outcome in terms of brain function.